Mfumukazi Olga: yochepa mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo

mfundo zambiri pa moyo wa m'modzi wa akulu wamkulu wa Russia ndipo mpaka pano sakudziwika. Mfumukazi Olga, kanthawi yonena amene ali zambiri "mawanga woyera" ndipo lero ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ambiri odious Chikristu chisanayambe Russia.

Chiyambi cha Mfumukazi Olga

Olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza ndi moyo ndi ntchito za Olga ndipo lero ife safika kuuzidwa za chiyambi chake. magwero angapo zaka mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chiyambi cha mkazi tsogolo la Grand Prince Igor.

Choncho, njira imodzi anazindikira a nthawi imeneyo - "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka" - limasonyeza kuti tsogolo Mfumukazi Olga, kanthawi yonena zomwe si mfundo yeniyeni za makolo ake, anabweretsedwa kuchokera Pskov.

Buku lina - "The Life of Mfumukazi Olga" - amanena kuti iye anabadwa mu Pskov dziko m'mudzi Vybuty. Anali ndi wamba, n'chifukwa chake mayina a makolo ake sitikudziwa.

Iokimovskaya Nkhani anatchula kuti mkazi tsogolo la Kalonga wa Kiev anali munthu wolemekezeka banja Izborsk, ndipo mizu yake kubwerera ku Scandinavia.

Baibulo lina: Olga - mwana wa Veschego Olega.

ukwati

womdziwa Igor ndi mkazi wake komanso kuphimba ambirimbiri zolakwika ndi zinsinsi. Mu "The Life," akunena kuti tsogolo Mfumukazi Olga, kanthawi yonena nthawi zina zotsutsana anatumikira mu njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, anakumana ndi mwamuna wake m'tsogolo Pskov, kumene mkulu ndinali kusaka. Iye ankafunika kuwoloka mtsinje ndipo anaona ngalawa, Igor anakalowa mmenemo. Pambuyo kalonga anapeza ferryman wake - msungwana wokongola. Onse chibwenzi zonyamula wake, koma iye anakana. Ndipo pamene nthawi kusankha kalonga wa Mkwatibwi anakumbukira msungwana mu ngalawa ndi amithenga ake kwa akafunsiridwa ukwati. Choncho iye anakhala mkazi wa Grand Duke Russian Olga. Mfumukazi Kiev, kanthawi yonena zomwe zikuoneka kuyambira pamenepo bwino, anali munthu wabwino komanso wanzeru mkazi. Kale mu nthawi yochepa anabala mwana wamwamuna, Igor - Svyatoslav.

Prince Igor ndi Kupha

Prince Igor anali ogonjetsa chachikulu, nthawi zonse anaukira ndi anamuperekeza wake ku dziko loyandikana ndi kusonkhanitsa msonkho mafuko ofooka. Umodzi wa maulendo amenewa anali kwa Russian Prince amapha. Mu 945, Igor ndi anamuperekeza ake anapita kwa oyandikana nawo Drevlianys zinthu msonkho. Kutenga kwambiri chuma, kuwononga midzi ndi nkhanza am'deralo, Russia wakale anapita kwawo. Komabe, pa njira ya kubwerara kuna kalonga ndi ochepa asilikali anaganiza kuti abwerere ndi kulanda drevlyan dziko kachiwiri. Koma anthu wamba, kuonetsetsa kalonga ali ndi gulu lankhondo laling'ono, iye anali anaukira ndi kuphedwa.

kubwezera Drevlianys

Atamva za imfa ya mwamuna wake ku dzanja Drevlyane yaitali maliro Olga. Mfumukazi Kiev, kanthawi yonena amene akambidwa mu "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka", anali wolamulira wanzeru ndi mkazi wake. Malinga ndi mwambo wa nthawi inali yovomerezeka vendetta. Mwachibadwa, Olga sakanapitirizira mwambo uwu. Kusonkhanitsa kumuwombera, iye anayamba dikirani. Pasanapite nthawi anatumiza anachokera Drevlyane ukwati akhazikitse kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian ndi Drevlyansky. The wamkazi wa mfumu anavomereza - uyu anali kubwezera ake.

drevlyans Pokhulupirira adakhulupirira iye anapita ku likulu, koma anali kugwidwa, anaponyedwa m'dzenje la wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Choncho, gawo la Drevlyane wolimba mtima ndipo olimba anawonongedwa. The mtanda chachiwiri akazembe anali kuphedwa ndi kuchenjerera - woyengeka kusamba. Pamene Olga ndi anamuperekeza ake adadza kwa makomo a Iskorosten, waukulu m'tawuni Drevlyane chonamizira kukondwerera phwando maliro (kudzuka) wa Prince iye opoila adani awo, ndi kumuwombera ndi kuwaza iwo. Malinga ndi mbiri, pafupi zikwi zisanu Drevlyane anaphedwa ndiye.

Mu 946, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ndi asilikali anapita drevlyan dziko, nichiwaononga anasonkhana misonkho, ndi wakhazikitsa kuvomerezedwa, ndi zochuluka za msonkho, koma kutenga Iskorosten iye analephera. Mzindawu unali angaloŵe. Olga ndiye anatentha mzindawu pansi mwa nkhunda ndi mpheta, womangidwa miyendo yawo ya moto nsalu. Asukulu Amakuuza ndani ndi Mfumukazi Olga. Short yonena makalasi ana aang'ono pansi nkhani zonse kubwezera. Makamaka lolunjika pa zaka za ulamuliro wake ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa wachikhristu.

Mfumukazi Olga: mwachidule mbiri ya ulamuliro

Atamwalira Igor anasiyira ndi mwana wawo Sviatoslav, koma pafupifupi mphamvu zonse anali anaikira mu manja ya mayi ake, ndipo pamene anali wamng'ono, ndipo pambuyo zaka ambiri. Svyatoslav anali munthu wankhondo, ndi nthawi yathu anakhala mu yokopa. Malo dziko ndi kulamulira dera wotanganidwa ndi Mfumukazi Olga. Mwachidule yonena za wolamulira limasonyeza kuti mkazi uyu anakhazikitsa mizinda ingapo, kuphatikizapo Pskov. Kwina kulikonse ennobled dziko lawo anamanga mozungulira midzi yaikulu mpanda, kuti amange kachisi mu ulemu wa oyera achikhristu. Mu ulamuliro wa Olga misonkho kwambiri m'malo ndi milandu lokhazikika.

mfundo kunja Duchess komanso kuliganizira. Olga analimbitsa kugwirizana ndi Germany ndi Byzantium. Tachita ichi, poyamba pa zonse, kuvomereza ake pa chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu.

Ubatizo wa Mfumukazi Olga

Choyamba zizindikiro za Chikhristu pa nthaka Russian dzina lake Olga. Short yonena kuti grade 4 amasamalirira wapadera umenewu. M'mabuku olembedwa a zaka zam'mbuyo palibe tsiku limodzi la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity wolemekezeka. Ena angaitchule 955 chaka, ena - zaka 957.

Anapita Constantinople, Olga osati kubatizidwa mu mpingo wachikhristu komanso adzayambanso mapangano malonda anasaina koma mwamuna wake mochedwa. Mfumukazi anali christened yekha mfumu Constantine VII ndi wansembe Theophylact. Iye anaitana Helen ake (mwambo Christian).

Kunyumba, Olga anali kuyesera kuti angagwirizanitse chikhulupiriro chatsopano cha mwana Svyatoslav wake, koma kalonga sanali ouziridwa ndi mfundo imeneyi anakhalabe achikunja, kuopa chiweruzo squads. Ndipo komabe, mayi ake, iye sankaletsa kumanga aang'ono ndi mipingo. Olga anakhalabe Kiev, iye anali wakhama mu maphunziro a zidzukulu. Mwina mfundo zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti mwana wa Svyatoslav, Vladimir, mu 988 anabatizidwa Lazaro, potero kulumikizanitsa izo.

Mu 968, ndi Pechenegs anaukira dziko Russian. Olga anali ku likulu anazinga ndi zidzukulu zawo. Iye anatuma mthenga kwa Svyatoslav, amene anali pa nthawi ndawala lotsatira. Kalonga anafika kunyumba, anagonjetsa Pechenegs, koma Olga anafunsa mwana wake kuti akonzekere msonkhano wokopa wotsatira, kotero nkobvuta anali kudwala ndipo anali presentiment wa lili pafupi kutha. Mu 969 Mfumukazi Olga anamwalira ndipo anaikidwa mogwirizana ndi miyambo Mkhristu. Imafotokoza kuti zotsalira za Grand Duchess anali wosabvunda.

M'zaka za m'ma XVI, Olga anali canonized.