Kodi kuwerenga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mbali ya kulankhula. Zizindikiro za mneni monga mbali ya kulankhula

Mneni - iyi ndi imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri za mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha, kuphunzira zimene maphunziro kusukulu wapatsidwa yaikulu ya nthawi. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa nkhaniyi kwenikweni lolemera ndithu. Pamene ana ake phunziro tafotokozani momwe kudziwa mawonekedwe, maonekedwe ndi phindu la mawu enaake m'sentensi, komanso mmene kuwerenga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mbali ya kulankhula. Russian chinenero Inde adzatenge ankadziwa Gawo ili pambuyo mbali zonse mwadzina. Ndipo zimenezi si mwangozi, chifukwa, mosiyana manauni, adjectives ndi manambala, mneni conjugation umakhala, kutanthauza kuti makhalidwe morphological la mbali ya kulankhula mwapadera kuyambira mawu ena ndi mawu.

Mawu monga mbali ya kulankhula: mneni

Tanthauzo la mneni, akadandaule m'mabukhu, amapita motere: ndi mbali ya kulankhula kuti ayankha mafunso, kusonyeza kanthu, ndipo akhoza zili (kudwala), chuma (chibwibwi), chizindikiro (mdima) ndipo ndi (nsanje). Koyamba mtundu wa mneni amene, omwe akuyankha funso "zoyenera kuchita" ndi "kuchita", amatchedwa infinitive, kapena mawonekedwe infinitive, zimenezi chiweruzo ndi aliyense wa anthu ake.

Mwachitsanzo: kumvetsa (nkhani) - kumatanthauza kumva; kukhala (mkhalidwe) mvula; Anzake anam'funsa kuti tiyimbe iyo (kukonzedwa); iye anapita kuyenda (chochitika).

Topic gawo, nkhani za mmene kuwerenga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mbali ya kulankhula, ana amayamba kuphunzira kale mu sitandade 4, ndi zaka wotsatira, kubwerera ku mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, pamaso iwe kudumphira mwachindunji kwa kusanthula mneni tiyenera kufufuza zizindikiro zake. Izi ndi zimene timaphunzira zina.

Zizindikiro Yosatha ya mneni

Chimodzi chofunika kwambiri mbali ya gawo ili woyankhula ndi mawu onse okhudzana zingakhale okhazikika osati mbali okhazikika, zomwe kafukufuku n'kofunika kuti kupanga gawo zimene ya kulankhula mneni. Zoyambazo monga:

• Kukhala mawonekedwe. Ngati ndondomeko kapena kanthu anafotokoza mneni anamaliza pa nthawiyo, kapena amasonyeza kuti udzakhala wakuti - ndi mawonekedwe wangwiro. Mwachitsanzo: kumanzere, lemba, kuwerenga, kunena. Ndipo ngati mawu sizikutanthauza kutsirizitsa, ndi maonekedwe opanda ungwiro wa mneni. Mwachitsanzo: Ndimakhala kujambula, kulemba.
• Transitive ndi intransitive. Kusiyana zizindikiro zimenezi kalembedwe zilipo pamene ntchito anawagwiritsira puronauni mneni kapena chachikazi. Transitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda prepositions ku mbali nominative wa kulankhula, accusative, ndipo ngati anakana - zinachitikira genitive. Ndipo pamene intransitive ndipamene chonamizira pamaso pa mawu kugwirizana - choyambilira. Mwachitsanzo: kuwerenga kalatayo, Ine sindinawerenge nkhaniyi, nyumba, kukula kuchokera nyumba, kumvera chisoni anthu ena, kuti awombole nthawi.
• Reflexivity. Kutanthauzira Mbali imeneyi ndi wosavuta, monga ulamuliro, mau zonsezi mapeto lembani -s kapena Xia. Tikumbukenso kuti khalidwe limeneli akusonyeza kuti mneni ndi intransitive. Mwachitsanzo: mlongo wanga anaseka, kotero mu madzi, n'kudziphatika kwa zakudya zanu.
• Conjugation - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimafunika mapangidwe mawu ndi kusintha mneni chiwerengero ndi munthu. Kufufuza ndi kulimbikitsa nkhani mu Maphunziro a Chirasha wapatsidwa nthawi yambiri, ndi luso molondola kudziwa conjugation wa mneni zimatengera mtundu wa kalembedwe. Komabe, nkhani chosi zinalembedwa mwachidule wochepa. Choncho, Conjugation woyamba zikuphatikizapo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse ndi mathero -esh, -em, Eks, -ete, Ym, -yut, ndipo chachiwiri - kutha mu -ish, -im, -um, -ite, -AT, -yat. Kudziwa conjugation wa mneni kuti asinthidwe ndi munthu ndi kutsatira kusintha pa mapeto.

Little kapena zizindikiro za mneni ndi

Zochita za zizindikiro zonama m'dzina awo komanso kwambiri kuphunzira mmene disassemble kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mbali ya kulankhula. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakhudza derivation:

• Ndingaliro. The mawonekedwe bokosi limeneli likusonyeza ubale kuchita pompopompo. Pali mitundu itatu ya maganizo: zimasonyeza (kanthu udzachitika tsopano), makonzedwe (kanthu kokha anakhumba) ndi kuyesetsa (kanthu zotheka pamene zinthu zina zimachitika).
• Nthawi ndi tsiku. Chinenero cha Chirasha pali m'mbuyomu, panopa ndi m'tsogolo yomangika kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Monga ulamuliro, tanthauzo la kalembedwe mavuto Mbali uka, komanso ndi mtima wa angapo kapena mmodzi.
• B. Monga mbali ya mawu chidwi, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau siyana ndi jenda, malinga ndi mawu amene amasonyeza munthu, amene amagwirizana ndi kanthu.

Kodi kuwerenga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mbali ya kulankhula

Kuti makhalidwe pamwamba ayenera m'gulu la kusanthula morphological wa mneni, zomwe zikuwoneka ngati dongosolo motere:

1. Nenani dzina la mbali ya kulankhula.
2. Kudziwa mawonekedwe koyamba.
3. Mwatchutchutchu zikupitirirabe wa mneni monga mbali ya mawu, maonekedwe reflexivity, transitivity, conjugation.
4. Tisonyezeni zizindikiro sanali okhazikika: ndingaliro, nthawi, munthu, ndi jenda (ngati) ndipo chiwerengero.
5. Disassemble chiganizo imene ntchito verebu, ndi kudziwa ntchito yake, ndiko zikusonyeza kuti ndi membala.

Zitsanzo za parsing mneni mbali ya polankhula

Kulimbitsa nkhani anaphunzira (mbali morphological ndi mbali ya mneni) maphunziro operekedwa parses ambiri anapatsidwa gawo la mawu mogwirizana ndi chiwembu tafotokozazi. Woterowo ana phwando amaphunzitsidwa bungwe kudziwa ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito molondola, ndipo kubwereza mu kusanthula yeniyeni zizindikiro zonse za mbali makamaka wa kulankhula.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chiganizo otsatirawa: "Mu mlengalenga dzuwa kuwala."

1. Kuwala - mneni.
2. Koyamba mawonekedwe - kuwala.
3. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Imperfective, si refundable, chosakhalitsa, ntchito conjugation chachiwiri.
4. Dzuwa likuwala - kanthu chikuchitika mu nthawi yeniyeni, kutanthauza kuti ndiye zimasonyeza mtundu wa mneni, amene ntchito mmodzi, mu munthu wachitatu, ndi neuter.
5. Pa - mundikhululukire thambo - ndi chochitika bwino - mfundo kumawala - mkhalidwe, dzuwa - phunziro.

Analysis wa zikuchokera mneni

N'kofunika ndi nkhaniyi: "Morphemic parsing mawu". Kodi izi zikutanthauza ndi momwe kuti mawu pa zikuchokera? Mneni, ngati mawu onse, ndi mbali yaikulu, pa maziko amene mitundu ina anapanga. Ndi gawo ili wopanda mathero, lomwe akuti ndi rectangle, wotchedwa m'munsi ndi ndiye pakatikati pa tanthauzo la tanthauzo lexical. Pamene parsing ndi bulaketi lalikulu ndiwo amaimira mawu.

Zotsatirazi amasulidwe maziko suffix - morpheme, zomwe zimafunika mu derivation wa mawonekedwe-mapangidwe ndi umodzi-muzu mawu. The kalata anasonyeza ndi kona oposa pamwamba pa.

Pakuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu zimasonyeza ndi makonzedwe yomangika kale amakhala ndi suffix ziro kapena -l-. Mwachitsanzo: ndinawerenga - kuwerenga, yotengekatengeka - anayenera kudzachitira.

mawonekedwe Infinitive aumbike mwa kuwonjezera suffix -t- ndi -ti-, koma mu maphunziro a kusukulu, morphemes awa anawaona ndikuwatenga ngati itatha. Mwachitsanzo: kugona - kugona ndi wopulumutsidwa - kupulumutsidwa.

Kutonthoza - wina mbali zofunika kwambiri kwa mawu, womwenso pachiyambi ndi mtsikanayu mapangidwe mitundu yatsopano mawu. Schematically anasonyeza mwa kalata kukalowa G.

Muzu - ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi lofunika gawo, litatha tanthauzo lexical ndi chimagwirizanitsa onse cognate mawu chigawo chimodzi. Palibe limodzi palokha lexical wagawo, amene simukanati morpheme izi, ali ntchito zabwinobwino popanda zinthu zina. Muzu pa kalata amasonyeza Arc.

malamulo Morphemic parsing

Funso la mmene kuwerenga mawu mu zikuchokera kwa ophunzira ambiri. Zimenezi zingakhale kwambiri kunena, koma ndi bwino kusonyeza kuchita. Koma choyamba, tisaiwale kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau infinitive ndi mmodzi wamphongo, kugwiritsa ntchito kale ndi makonzedwe pano, sikudzatha. Komanso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa alibe suffix.

Morphemic parsing kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, komanso mawu ena, ikuchitika malinga chiwembu zotsatirazi:

1. Khama la mbali ya kulankhula.
2. Kudzipatula kutha ndi kulongosola tanthauzo lake.
3. Kusankha mawu osakwatiwa-muzu ndi mtima wa muzu.
4. Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa prefixes ndi suffixes.
5. Khama la maziko wa kulankhula, anamaliza tanthauzo lexical.

Pangani mawu a zikuchokera

Kulimbitsa chuma ayenera ankaiphwasula mawu ochepa pa zikuchokera chitsanzo ichi: mavuto - mawonekedwe koyamba mavuto. Ichi ndi maonekedwe opanda ungwiro wa mneni mathero Eks, zimene zikusonyeza nthawi ino, munthu wachitatu, mmodzi. Chifukwa cha mawu - Strada - suffix - ndi -. mawu Cognate: mavuto, kuvutika, kuvutika. Muzu - Strahd m'malo zotheka kwa kalata "D" kuti "g". mawu Palibe manambala oyambirira.