Zizindikiro zodziwika komanso zosasunthika za mawu

Chizindikiro chosakhala chosatha cha verebu ndi chiyani? Yankho la funso ili likupezeka mu zipangizo za nkhaniyi. Kuonjezerapo, tidzakuuzani za mtundu uwu wa chilankhulocho, momwe umatsamira, ndi zina zotero.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Musanamvetsetse zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zonse komanso zosakhazikika, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mwachigawochi gawoli lakulankhula.

Mawu ndi mbali ya mawu omwe amatanthauza dziko kapena zochita za chinthu ndikuyankha mafunso "choti muchite chiyani" komanso "choti muchite chiyani"?

Mitundu ya verb

Lilime lililonse lili ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Choyamba. Nthawi zina zimatchedwa mtundu wopanda malire kapena wopanda pake. Zomwezo zimathera mu -ti, -kapena -h, ndiko, zikwama zomanga mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo: kuteteza, kuphukira, kusamba, etc.). Maonekedwe osazindikirika a chilankhulo amangotanthauza boma kapena zochita ndipo sichimasonyeza nambala, nthawi, kapena nkhope. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa mawonekedwe osasintha. Zili ndi zizindikiro zokhazikika.
• Maonekedwe a Conjugate, omwe sali osatha. Monga lamulo, iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zamuyaya komanso zosatha za vesi.
• Gerund.
• Mgonero.

Choncho, kuti muthe kulembetsa mawu a kalatayo, muyenera kudziwa kuti zomwe zafotokozedwa ndizo:

• Osakhazikika;
• Zizindikiro zowonjezereka za mawu.

Tiyeni tione izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Zizindikiro zosasunthika za verebu

Maonekedwe osakhala osatha ndi awa:

• Nambala;
• Malingaliro;
• Genus;
• Yang'anani;
• Nthawi.

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti chilichonse cha zinthuzi chili ndi zizindikiro zake.

Kukonda

Zilembo zonse zili ndi malingaliro atatu. Chizindikirochi chimasonyeza momwe munthu wolankhulira amayendera zomwe akuchita. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ngati amenewa n'zotheka kudziwa ngati izo zikuwoneka ngati zofunika, zotheka kapena zenizeni pamkhalidwe wina.

• Wonyenga. Kuganiza kotere kumasonyeza kuti chinthu china chikuchitika, chikuchitika, kapena kamodzi chinachitika. Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo: idyani, idyani ndikudye .
• Chogwirizanitsa, kapena chomwe chimatchedwa kusungulumwa. Kawirikawiri zimasonyeza kuti chinthu china chitha kuchitika, koma pazifukwa zina. Pano pali chitsanzo: Sindingathe kupulumuka ndi kufa pamsewu . Monga momwe tikuonera kuchokera mu chitsanzo, malingaliro amtunduwu amapangidwa kuchokera nthawi yowonjezera powonjezera tinthu "kuti" (kapena "b"). Ndipo tinthu iyi imalembedwa mosiyana ndi mawu.
• Mtima wofuna. Fomu iyi imasonyeza ntchito yomwe ikufunsidwa, yolamulidwa, yolangizidwa, kapena yolamulidwa kuti ichitidwe. Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo: pitani mofulumira .

Nthawi

Mawu akuti "zizindikiro zosasunthika za verebu" amalankhula okha. Ndiko, gawo ili lachinenero limasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Komabe, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zenizeni zokhazokha.

Kotero, tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino momwe gawo ili lakulankhulira limasinthira nthawi ndi nthawi:

• Nthawi yeniyeni. Mwachizoloŵezi, amafotokozedwa ndi mapeto otere monga -y, -i, -i, -i, -i, -ndi, etc. (Mwachitsanzo: ndimayenda, ndikuganiza, ndikuchita, mumalota, mumanyamula , etc.). Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti nthawi ino ikuyimira zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi. Pachifukwa ichi, iye mwiniyo sangakhalepo panopo, koma akhale m'mbuyomu kapena mtsogolo. Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo: Iye akuthamangira patsogolo panga. Anaganiza kuti akuthamangira patsogolo panga. Iye adzathawa kachiwiri .
• Nthawi yamtsogolo. Monga mukudziwira, zikutanthauza njira yomwe idzachitike posachedwa. Mwachitsanzo: Ndipita kukayenda madzulo . Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pali nthawi yamtsogolo ya zenizeni za mtundu wangwiro ndi wopanda ungwiro. Ngakhale m'mayeserowa akufotokozedwa mosiyana ( Ndiwerenga - kuwerenga, ndikuimba - Ndiyimba, ndiyenda - Ndiyenda , etc.).
• Nthawi yapitayi. Nthawi iyi ikutanthawuza kale kale ntchito (mwachitsanzo: kuyenda, kuchita, kuganiza ). Fomu iyi imapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera chokwanira -l-.

Chiwerengero cha

Zizindikiro zosasunthika za vesi ndizo zizindikiro zomwe, ngati ndizofunikira, zingasinthe mawu pa nthawi yoyenera, nkhope, ndi zina. Nambalayi ndi chizindikiro chosakhala chosatha. Zitha kukhala:

• Chinthu chokha: khala, kuyembekezera, kupita, kupita, kupita , ndi zina zotero.
• Zambiri: do, kuyembekezera, kupita, kupita, tiyeni tipite , ndi zina zotero.

Yang'anani

Mu mawonekedwe a tsogolo ndi nthawi yamakono, mazenera onse amasintha malinga ndi anthu otsatirawa:

• Munthu woyamba akuwonetsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikuchitidwa ndi wokamba nkhaniyo: ndimayimba, timayimba ;
• Munthu wachiwiri akuwonetsa kuti chinthucho chimapangidwa ndi omvetsera: iwe uli chete, iwe umakhala chete ;
• Munthu wachitatu amasonyeza kuti chinthucho chimayendetsedwa ndi munthu yemwe sakhala nawo muzokambirana: izo, iye, iye amapita, amapita .

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ziganizo zina zimatchula chinthu chilichonse kapena chikhalidwe chomwe chimapezeka popanda kutenga mbali kwa munthu wina, ngati kuti palokha. Zomwezo zenizeni zimatchedwa impersonal. Pano pali chitsanzo: Kusokoneza. Kuwala. Kukuda .

Genus

Ndi zizindikiro zina ziti zomwe sizikhalapo kwamuyaya? Inde, mtundu wawo ndi wawo. Komabe, mawonekedwewa ndi ofanana mchilankhulo chokha, mwachisomo komanso nthawi yapitayi :

• Mayi wamwamuna: angakhale .
• Mwamuna kapena mkazi: angakhale .
• Chibadwa chamkati: chikanakhala nacho .

Tsopano mukudziwa zizindikiro zomwe sizinali zamuyaya za mawu omwe alipo ndi momwe gawo ili lakulankhulira limasinthira molingana ndi iwo. Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti, kuphatikizapo osakhala osatha, pali mawonekedwe osatha. Tiyeni tione izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Vesi zonse zizindikiro

Ngati atembenukira kwa inu ndikufunsani kuti: "Tchulani zizindikiro zosasunthika za vesi", ndiye ndithudi mudzachita popanda kukayikira. Koma iwe umati chiyani, ngati iwo akufuna kuti amve kuchokera kwa inu mndandanda ndi kusiyana kwa zizindikiro zowonjezereka za mawu?

Kotero, kwa mitundu yotere ili ndi:

• Onani;
• Kusintha;
• Kubwereza;
• Kulumikizana.

Onani

Zonsezo zenizeni zonse ndi opanda ungwiro kapena zangwiro. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe zochita zikupitilira. Monga mukudziwira, zilembo zonse za mtundu wabwino zimayankha funso lotsatira: "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?". Kuonjezera apo, amasonyeza zotsatira za zomwe akuchita, kukwanira kwake, chiyambi kapena mapeto (mwachitsanzo, choti achite? -kudzuka ).

Mavesi a mtundu wangwiro angasinthe m'mbuyomu ( mwachita chiyani? - mwakuuka ) komanso nthawi yowonjezereka ( adzachita chiyani?) Adzaima . Mafomu a nthawi ino alibe chizindikiro choterocho.

Mavesi a mtundu wopanda ungwiro amayankha funso lotsatira: "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?". Kuonjezera apo, posankha zochita, sizikuwonetsa zotsatira zake, zokwanira, chiyambi kapena mapeto: kudzuka . Zomwezo zidachitika kale ( zomwe adachita? - zidzakwera ), zowonjezera ( zomwe akuchita - zidzakwera ) komanso nthawi yowopsya yamtsogolo ( mudzachita chiyani? - Ndidzuka ). Muzinthu zosayeruzika palinso mawonekedwe osasinthika a nthano ( kodi idzachita chiyani? - idzauka, idzavina , ndi zina zotero).

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mu Chirasha pali chiwerengero chochepa cha ziganizo za mitundu iwiri. Mawu amenewa, malingana ndi momwe akufotokozera, angathe kukhala amtundu wangwiro, kenako opanda ungwiro ( kulangiza, kukwatira, kufufuza, kuchita, kumanga, kukwatira, kukana, kuyesa , etc.).

Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo:

• Mphungu inafalikira kuzungulira mzindawo kuti mfumuyo iwononge adani ake. Pachifukwa ichi, mawu oti "kupha" amayankha funso "kodi ndi chiyani?" Ndipo akuwoneka opanda ungwiro.
• Mphungu inafalikira kuzungulira mzindawo kuti mfumu mwiniyo ikupha opanduka angapo. Pankhani iyi, mawu oti "kupha" amayankha funso lakuti "Kodi lingachite chiyani?" Ndipo ali ndi maonekedwe abwino.

Kubwereza

Fomu yowonjezera imaphatikizapo mawonekedwe ngati kubwerera. Motero, mazenera omwe ali ndi postfix-ya kapena -y, amatchedwa mawu obwereza. Mwachitsanzo: kumenyana, kulumbirira , ndi zina zotero. Zonse sizingatheke. Mwachitsanzo: kumenyana, kugwedeza, kuganiza , ndi zina zotero.

Kusintha

Zonsezi zimagawanika kukhala zopanda pake komanso zosinthika. Wotsirizirayo akunena ndondomeko yomwe imapita ku chinthu china. Dzina lake likhoza kufotokozedwa ndi:

• Mu dzina, lomwe liri mu vuto lopanda chilolezo popanda chizindikiro ndipo limatanthauza gawo la chinachake. Mwachitsanzo: mafuta odulidwa, kumwa tiyi , ndi zina zotero.
• M'dzina la dzina (kapena chilankhulo), lomwe liri mu mlandu wotsutsa ndipo alibe chifukwa. Mwachitsanzo: kutsegula chipika, chiwoneni .
• Mu dzina (kapena chilankhulo), lomwe limayimilira pamutu, silinganene, koma likuphatikizidwa ndi kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo: mulibe zikalata, musazione .

Zina zonse zimaonedwa ngati zosasokonezeka ( kusewera m'nkhalango, kukhulupirira mu chilungamo , etc.).

Kulumikizana

Ponena za chizindikiro chosasinthika cha verebu chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulemba kalata yokongola, mumadziwa. Komabe, kulembetsa malemba olembedwa sikokwanira. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe ma verbowo amalembedwera kapena izi.

Monga mukudziwira, ndi mawonekedwe awa, mathero a matanthauzo amasintha. Komanso, kugonana kumadalira nkhope ndi chiwerengero cha mawu.

Choncho, kulemba kalata yolemba, kumbukirani kuti:

• Mavesi a mapeto oyamba: -i (-yesh), -y (-yu), -a (-yot), -a (-te), -m (-em) ndi -out (-yut). Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo: mumagwira ntchito, mukufuna, kulira, kuimba, kuthamanga , ndi zina zotero.
• Mavesi a chiganizo chachiwiri amatha: -i (-yu), im, -it, -yat (-yat) kapena -it. Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo: kukula, chakudya, chikondi, kudutsa, kuwononga , ndi zina zotero.