Chaanthu Political sayansi

Chaanthu Political - nthambi wapadera za khalidwe la anthu amene amafufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi pakati pa anthu dera ndale ndi mabungwe monga boma, magulu chikhalidwe, maphwando.

Maziko a moyo ndale ndi funso la mphamvu. Political Chaanthu sayansi angathe okha demokalase, chifukwa akufotokozera mfundo za ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu, akuphunzira njira za mphamvu, ikufotokoza njira ya zosayembekezereka wa munthu wina kuti chikhalidwe.

chikhalidwe Political ndi limagwirira kuti amalola lamulo la makhalidwe munthu mu dera ndale.

wandale amakhala ndi dongosolo awiri wosanjikiza. Pa dzanja limodzi, tichipeza zochita boma wopita ku levers mphamvu ina - zosavomerezeka. The chimango mfundo kusiyanitsa asapita ndale, malamulo ndale, bungwe landale (mu mawonekedwe a boma, ndale, mabungwe andale), chikhalidwe ndale.

Chaanthu Political wayamba kukhala m'kati democratization moyo wapoyera, pamene Chaanthu pang'onopang'ono anayamba kudutsa mu dera ndale. Mapangidwe sayansi ku Russia wakhala si anayamba "kuchokera zikande". M'mayiko ena kale anali ndi luso la kafukufuku sociological. Yachokera pa zimene ichi ndi kufunika taganizani vuto Kugawilidwa kwanthaka za khalidwe la anthu andale mu sayansi.

Mu West, Chaanthu ndale monga sayansi osiyana chikhalidwe unakhazikitsidwa 30 - 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Koma zinthu za njira sociological kuti mawu a moyo ndale analipo kale ziphunzitso za sayansi anayamba mu East Ancient, Ancient Greece ndi Rome, ndipo kenako anayamba ntchito za N. Machiavelli, Hobbes, shi L.Monteske, Zh.Bodena etc. .

Akatswiri ambiri ali ndi maganizo amene anayambitsa Chaanthu ndale tiyenera kuziganizira Karl Marx ndi Max Weber. Chaanthu Political Weber wapanga lingaliro lalikulu mphamvu monga mwayi wokakamiza kufuna kwake pa ophunzira ena onse timakhala chikhalidwe, ngakhale kukana kwawo.

Zofunika mu mapangidwe maziko ongolankhula a sayansi anali ntchito za Pareto, Sorokin, G. Mosca, T. Parsons, Duverger, R. Michels, D. Lasswell, ndi chitsogozo cha ntchito ya Marxist Plekhanov, Lenin a, Gramsci, Kautsky ndi ena.

M'zaka za m'ma XX. Chaanthu ndale unagawidwa angapo njira kuphunzira za ndale: (. Bentley, J. Bryce) nchito, behaviorist (ndi K. Boulding, Waldo D., C. Merriam) postbihevioristsky (S. Dodd, R. Ch Mills.) , mawerengeredwe (G. amondi, K. Deutsch, D. Is¬ton,), mtengo (D. Lasswell, F. Brough, L. Hoffman).

Mu Russia, sayansi uyu kusanduka mchikakamizo cha akatswiri Western. Komabe, mu citukuko zafika pamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri patsogolo ofufuza Western. Zotsatira anafotokoza ndi exigencies zotsutsana chikhalidwe kulili anthu Russian.

Chochititsa chidwi chopereka kwa chitukuko ya Sociology zoweta ndale ndi K. D. Kavelin, B. N. Chicherin, AD Gradovsky, MM Kovalevsky, SA Muromtsev, VI S., N. M. Korkunov, N. I. Kareev, GF Shershenevich BA Kistyakovsky.

Inasintha chitukuko cha sayansi Russian likugwirizana ndi ntchito ya Sorokin. Iye analenga chiphunzitso sociological, apanga mapulogalamu a kafukufuku wazotsatira. Iye analemba kuti "Public Chaanthu buku" mu umene anabweretsa computations methodological kwambiri bwanji kumvetsa zina nkhani za sayansi.

Yofunika chopereka kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa sayansi wapanga M. Ya. Ostrogorsky.

Nkhani za khalidwe la anthu andale akadali mutu wa mtsutso sayansi (umatchedwa akamanena za mphamvu, ufulu wa chibadidwe ndi kumasulika ndiponso a moyo, ndipo muli ndi maganizo ena pa nkhani imeneyi). Chinthu ilo likutchedwa moyo ndale za anayamba anthu wamba.