Kodi maphatikizidwe nyukiliya?

The nyukiliya anachita - ndi anachita nyukiliya pakati mtima kuwala loyenda pa kutentha kwambiri (kuposa 108 K). Choncho wambirimbiri mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a neutrons mkulu mphamvu ndi photons chizindikiro - particles kuwala.

Mkulu kutentha, ndi mtima chifukwa chachikulu mphamvu zomwe adzawombana anafunika kugonjetsa chotchinga electrostatic. vuto limeneli chifukwa cha repulsion tonse mtima (monga particles monga-adawalamulira). Akanapanda kutero sangathe kukhala pafupi ndi mtunda zokwanira mphamvu nyukiliya (zomwe ndi za 10-12 cm).

Zimene nyukiliya ndi mapangidwe mtima amene mwamphamvu zolumukizidwa ndi mnzake, wa looser. Pafupifupi zochita zonsezi Zimene maphatikizidwe (maphatikizidwe) mtima mbandakucha mu katundu.

The mphamvu kayendedwe chofunika kugonjetsa repulsion mwagwirizana kuti chinawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka mu mtengo nyukiliya. Choncho Chophweka akudutsa maphatikizidwe wa mtima kuwala ndi yaing'ono mlandu magetsi.

Mu chikhalidwe, maphatikizidwe anachita angayambe okha Interiors wa nyenyezi. Kukhazikitsa yake pansi pa zikhalidwe lapadziko ayenera usavutike chinthu ndi imodzi mwa njira zotheka:

• bomba la nyukiliya;
• kwambiri mtanda wa particles bombardment;
• wamphamvu laser zimachitika kapena kumaliseche mpweya.

Nyukiliya anachita, amene ali mkati mwa nyenyezi, n'chofunikira koposa zamoyo wa chilengedwe chonse. Choyamba, ku mtima wa hydrogen nyenyezi anapanga zinthu mankhwala m'tsogolo, ndipo kachiwiri, nyenyezi mphamvu gwero.

The nyukiliya anachita mu Sun

Pa dzuwa monga gwero mphamvu yaikulu protrude purotoni-purotoni anachita mkombero pamene mapulotoni anayi anabadwa phata lina la helium. Mphamvu imene yamasulidwa pa kaphatikizidwe, ndi adatengedwa ndi kupanga mtima, nyutironi, neutrinos ndi quanta cheza mu atomu. Kuphunzira neutrinos akubwera kuchokera ku mtsinje dzuwa asayansi kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi zochita intesnivnost nyukiliya zimene zimachitika pakati ake.

The mwamphamvu pafupifupi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mfundo lapadziko negligible - 2 okha erg / s * ga (1 galamu ya misa dzuwa). Khalidwe limeneli n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi liwiro electrowinning mu pompo-pompo pa muyezo kagayidwe. Only chifukwa yaikulu kulemera kwa Sun (1033 ga * 2) Mphamvu okwana ankalankhula ndi iwo ndi phindu lalikulu ngati 4 * 1028 Watts.

Chifukwa cha kukula yaikulu ndi unyinji wa dzuwa ndi nyenyezi zina, ndipo madzi posungira vuto ndi kuthetsedwa mu kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ndi Choncho: zochita zimachitika pakati otentha ndi kutentha kutengerapo amapezeka ndi pamwamba ozizira. Momwemo nyenyezi zingabweretse mphamvu efficiently ngati liwonongeke, monga purotoni-purotoni mkombero. Zinthu zakuthambo, maganizo ndi yotheka.

Zisudzo mphamvu - maziko a tsogolo

Padziko lathuli, n'zomveka kuti ntchito ndi ntchito kokha zothandiza kwambiri maphatikizidwe zochita - makamaka kaphatikizidwe helium ndi tritium mtima Leiter. Zimenezi mu pamlingo waukulu ndi zotheka mpaka yekha mabomba mayeso mabomba wa hydrogen. Komabe, nthawi zonse anachititsa zatsopano onse athe kutulutsa mphamvu mtendere. Ochiritsira mphamvu za nyukiliya yagwiritsa ntchito oipa anachita, monga nyukiliya mphamvu nawo kaphatikizidwe. Mu izi zimachitika maphatikizidwe angapo ubwino pa zimene fission nyukiliya.

1. Pamene zochita maphatikizidwe n'zotheka kupewa padzuwa la cheza ngati mankhwala mphamvu mu nkhani iyi ndi "oyera" mphamvu ya kuwala.

2. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu analandira nyukiliya njira kutali amakhoza bwino kuposa ochiritsira nyukiliya anachita, amene ntchito makina amene ano.

3. Kuti tikhalebe zimene fission nyukiliya, amafuna polojekiti zonse za nyutironi kamwazi, kapena akhoza Pambuyo kusalankhula unyolo anachita, kuopseza anthu. Pakuti maphatikizidwe mphamvu ntchito mmalo mwa mkulu kutentha nyutironi kamwazi Koma mavuto amenewa kutha.

4. nkhuni zochita nyukiliya angamuponyere, monga kuyenera kuwonongeka mankhwala mafuta a nyukiliya mathanki.

Si kale, asayansi American anatha kulenga chitsanzo ntchito ya anachita nyukiliya imene mphamvu linanena bungwe la nthawi zana mphamvu. Ndi ntchito zabwino zina bwino "kuthetsa" wa maphatikizidwe mphamvu.