Ndi michere Kodi

Aliyense chamoyo moyo - ndi dongosolo langwiro, limene miniti iliyonse pali zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. pasukuluyi simungakhoze kuchita popanda nawo michere. Choncho kodi michere? udindo wawo mu moyo wa chamoyo ndi chiyani? Kodi n'chiyani? ndi limagwirira wa zotsatira awo? M'munsimu muli mayankho a mafunso onsewa.

Kodi michere?

Michere, kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa, michere ndi mapuloteni maofesi. Izi zinthu biologically yogwira, amene zinthu monga catalysts mosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Ndipotu, udindo wa michere n'zovuta Musaone, chifukwa popanda iwo sangachite ndondomeko aliyense mu selo wamoyo ndi chamoyo wonse.

Mawu akuti "enzyme" anali akufuna mu zaka zana la 17 wotchuka sayansi Helmont. Ndipo ngakhale ophunzira opambana a nthawi anazindikira kuti nyama ndi m'mimba pamaso pa madzi chapamimba, ndi wowuma ndi chiswa malovu pansi kwa dzuwa yosavuta, palibe akudziwa zimene zinabwera chifukwa cha njira zofanana. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 19, Kirchhoff woyamba amadziŵika ndi michere malovu - amylase. Patapita zaka zingapo anafotokoza chapamimba pepsin. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sayansi ya enzymology anayamba mwakhama kukulitsa.

Kodi michere? Katundu ndi njira ya kanthu

Choyamba ndi Dziwani kuti michere onse mapuloteni kaya mtundu woyera kapena mapuloteni zovuta. Pakali pano, ndi anadziŵa kwa amino asidi ndondomeko ya kuchuluka kwa michere ya m'thupi la munthu.

Chuma chachikulu cha michere - ndi kulunjika mkulu. Aliyense enzyme mwina catalyze mtundu umodzi wokha wa anachita. Mwachitsanzo, michere proteolytic zitha adzaphatikizana kulumikizana zatsalira kwa amino asidi wa mapuloteni molekyulu. Nthawi zina munthu gawo lapansi (chinthu kukhudzana enzyme) zingakhudze angapo michere amapanga ofanana.

Komabe, enzyme kungakhale zenizeni osati zimenezo, komanso poyerekezera ndi gawo lapansi ndi. Ambiri gulu kulunjika kwa michere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti enzyme ena zingakhudze yekha gulu lina la magawo kuti ndi dongosolo ofanana.

Koma nthawi zina pali otchedwa kulunjika mtheradi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti enzyme akhoza kumumanga ku malo yogwira gawo lapansi chimodzi chokha. Kumene, mu chikhalidwe cha kulunjika uyu ali osowa. Koma Mwachitsanzo, tizikumbukira enzyme urease, zomwe zitha catalyze ndi hydrolysis wa urea.

Tsopano taona kuti michere amenewa. Koma zinthu zimenezi kungakhale yosiyana. Choncho, nthawi zambiri wachinsinsi.

gulu la michere

sayansi yamakono amadziwa michere zoposa zikwi ziwiri, koma zimenezi si chiwerengero chenicheni. Pakuti mayiko anawonjezera, iwo anawagawa m'magulu zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi, malingana ndi zimene catalyzed.

• Oxidoreductases - gulu la michere kuti nawo zochita redox. Kawirikawiri, iwo amachita kapena othandizira ndalama kapena acceptors wa ma elekitironi ndi ayoni wa hydrogen. michere izi nzofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa njira nawo foni kagayidwe ndi kwa mayitirokondiriyoni kupuma.
• Transferase - michere kuti zimakhudzidwa kulanda magulu a atomiki ku gawo lapansi wina ndi mzake. Nawo kagayidwe wapakatikati.
• Lyase - ngati michere angathe anadziphatika gawo lapansi kwa magulu a atomiki popanda anachita hydrolytic. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha ndondomeko iyi inatulutsa madzi molekyulu kapena mpweya.
• Hydrolase - puloteni kuti catalyzes ndi pogawanikana pamawere hydrolytic a gawo lapansi ndi ntchito molekyulu madzi.
• Isomerase - monga dzina zikusonyeza, michere imeneyi catalyze kutembenuka kwa nkhaniyi mtundu umodzi isomeric ndi mzake.
• Ligases - michere kuti catalyze anachita kupanga.

Monga mmene taonera, michere - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri zakuthupi thupi, popanda zomwe njira ya moyo sangathe.