Msana: mbali structural, mitundu ndi ntchito

Chingwe msana ndi mbali ya chapakati mantha dongosolo. Mu thupi la munthu ndi udindo bongo galimoto ndi kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha pakati pa ziwalo ndi bongo. msana chihemacho, atetezedwe. Kodi mbali ndi kusiyana chiyani?

kapangidwe

arches vertebral kupanga M'mimbamo, wotchedwa ngalande vertebral, ndipo mmenemu ndi chingwe msana pamodzi ndi ziwiya ndi mizu mitsempha. mbali chapamwamba chikugwirizana kwa medulla (Ndime mutu), ndi pansi - ndi periosteum chachiwiri coccygeal linkawonongeka.

Msana amaoneka ngati woonda mzere woyera, utali umene munthu ukufika 40-45 masentimita, ndi kuwonjezeka makulidwe kuchokera pansi oposa. pamwamba pake ndi pang'ono concave. Amakhala ndi zigawo makumi umodzi umene zili awiri mizu mitsempha.

Chingwe msana ali ndi zipolopolo kunja. Mkati lili vuto imvi ndi woyera, chiŵerengero zawo zimasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana. Nkhani imvi ali mawonekedwe a butterfly, pali mitsempha matupi selo ndi njira zawo zizindikiro woyera olimba, amene anakonza pa konsekonse.

Pakatikati pa njira ili nkhani imvi. Mmenemo ndi madzimadzi cerebrospinal (CSF), amene mosalekeza akufalitsa mu ubongo ndi msana. Akuluakulu kuti ndi voliyumu 270 Botolo. CSF opangidwa mu ventricles ubongo ndipo kusinthidwa nthawi 4 tsiku.

msana

Atatu chipolopolo: molimba, arachnoid ndi zofewa - kuphimba onse mutu ndi chingwe msana. Iwo amagwira ntchito ziwiri. Zoteteza chindiletsa kungasokoneze zochita makina pa ubongo. Ntchito Trophic chokhudzana ndi lamulo la otaya oziziritsa magazi, chifukwa yomwe ikuchitika kagayidwe mu zimakhala.

chingwe msana ndi lopangidwa ndi maselo connective minofu. Kunja uko ndi chipolopolo zovuta, pansi pa arachnoid ndi zofewa. Iwo sali pafupi wina ndi mnzake mwamphamvu. Iwo ali subdural ndi pakati pa danga subarachnoid. Kwa msana iwo angagwirizanitse mbale ndi Mitsemphayi, amene kupewa elongation ubongo.

Chipolopolo anapanga kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wachiwiri wa chitukuko yoopsa. Minofu connective aumbike mwa chubu ubongo ndi kugawidwa motsatira izo. Kenako maselo minofu anapambulwa kupanga akunja mkati chipolopolo. Patapita kanthawi chipolopolo mkati lagawidwa zofewa ndi arachnoid.

chipolopolo molimba

Chipolopolo kunja tichipeza zigawo zolimba pamwamba ndi pansi. Iwo ali pamwamba akhakula imene kuwataya ndi kuchuluka kwa nsupa. Mosiyana ndi chipolopolo ofanana mu ubongo, izo sizitero abut mwamphamvu ndi mpanda wa ngalande vertebral ndi wosiyana iwo ndi plexus venous, mafuta minofu.

Chipolopolo mwakhama chingwe msana ndi wandiweyani fibrous minofu waluntha. Iwo unakhala ubongo mu mawonekedwe a elongated cylindrical mawonekedwe thumba. Kubisa maselo (endothelium) akupanga m'munsi wosanjikiza cladding.

Iwo encapsulates mfundo ndi mitsempha, n'kupanga M'mimbamo zomwe patsogolo, mwatsala foramen intervertebral. Near chipolopolo mutu chikugwirizana ndi fupa occipital. Iwo itsekeke pang'ono pansi ndi chingwe woonda, amene anaphatikiza coccyx lapansi.

Magazi umadutsa mitsempha ndi chipolopolo olumikizidwa kwa thoracic ndi m'mimba msempha. magazi Venous akulowa plexus venous. mthunzi chili mu ngalande msana mwa njira mu foramen intervertebral ndi tufts fibrous.

arachnoid

Kagawo woboola pakati malo ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kulumikiza matabwa inayake amalekanitsa olimba ndi arachnoid nembanemba wa chingwe msana. Yotsirizira ali maonekedwe a pepala zoonda, ndi chimaonekera ndipo lili fibroblasts (connective minofu ulusi kuti lithe a masanjidwewo extracellular).

Arachnoid nembanemba wa chingwe msana atakulungidwa glia - maselo kupereka kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha. Lili ziwiya magazi. Kuyambira njira arachnoid achoka, filamentous trabeculae, kuluka otsatirawa khoko lofewa.

Ikayamba inali malo subarachnoid. Mkati lili ndi madzimadzi cerebrospinal. Iwo kukodzedwa mu mmunsi mwa chingwe msana, mu sacrum ndi coccyx. M'dera khosi lili pakati pa kuzunguza mitu ndi zofewa nembanemba arachnoid. Septum ndi zida kugwirizana pakati pa mizu ubongo mitsempha anakonza malo amodzi, osati kumuuza kusuntha.

khoko lofewa

chipolopolo Mumtima ndi yofewa. Iwo unakhala ndi chingwe msana. Poyerekeza ndi dongosolo ofanana mu ubongo, amaona cholimba wakuda. Zofewa chigoba cha chingwe msana tichipeza minofu lotayirira, lomwe linali ndi maselo za indofeliyamu.

Iwo ali zigawo ziwiri zoonda pakati pa amene simuli zotengera ambiri magazi. Pa pamwamba wosanjikiza, ndi zithunzi woonda mbale kapena pepala ndi Mitsemphayi dentate kuti akonze chipolopolo. Kwa gawo lamkati la Kakhungu pafupi maselo glial chikugwirizana mwachindunji chingwe msana. Chipolopolo ndipamene m'chimake kwa mtsempha wamagazi ndi izo likulowerera mu ubongo ndi nkhani imvi.

khoko lofewa alipo yekha mu nyama. Other inakhala lapadziko (tetrapods) ndi awiri - olimba ndi mkati. M'kupita kwa zamoyo zinachita chitukuko cha chipolopolo mkati mwa nyama linagawanika pa intaneti ndi zofewa.

Pomaliza

Chingwe msana chikukhudzana ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha a inakhala, kuphatikizapo anthu. Iwo amachita ntchito ya reflex ndi introducer. Woyamba nthambi bongo udindo - .. Of flexion ndipo powunikiridwa m'chiphiphiritso, flick, etc. Ntchito yachiwiri ali conduction kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha pakati pa ziwalo ndi bongo.

Olimba, arachnoid ndi zofewa chipolopolo unakhala chingwe msana kuchokera kunja. Iwo kuchita zodzitetezera kumatenda ndi trophic (zakudya) ntchito. Zipolopolo anapanga maselo connective minofu. Amawapatula ndi mipata pakati pa iwo amene ali odzazidwa ndi mowa - madzi kufalitsidwa mu chingwe msana ndi ubongo. A casing chikugwirizana pakati pa ulusi wabwino ndi njira.