The England, amene maziko a antiseptics. History antiseptics

Kaŵirikaŵiri timamva azachipatala "antiseptic". Ambiri a iwo pa mankhwala, ndipo iwo akufunika. Koma ndi chiyani icho? N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kutsatira? Kodi tichipeza? Ndipo ndani munthu amene dziko liri chilengedwe chake? M'nkhaniyi tiona mmene mankhwala awa anali, chimene iwo ali ndi chifukwa iwo akufunika.

antiseptics

Pali dongosolo lonse la mulinso kuwonongedwa kwa bala, zimakhala ndi ziwalo, ndi thupi ambiri tizilombo zoipa zimene zingachititse kutukusira kwa malo a. dongosolo amenewa akutchedwa antiseptic, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku Latin zikutanthauza "lawola". akuti anali anapanga ndi British dokotala D. Pingle mu 1750. Komabe, Pingle - osati England, amene maziko a antiseptics, amene inu mukhoza kuganiza. Iye basi anafotokoza mmene masaka a kwinini, ndipo anayamba kutipatsa wodziwika.

Kale ndi dzina lina inu mukhoza kumvetsa ntchito ndalama izi. Choncho antiseptics - mankhwala amene ali zotupa zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ziwalo kupewa magazi poizoni. Aliyense wa ife ali bwino kuyambira ali ndi zophweka kwambiri a iwo - ndi ayodini ndi waluso wobiriwira. Ndipo yakale, ntchito mwamsanga nthawi ya Hippocrates, anali viniga ndi mowa. Nthawi zambiri, mfundo "antiseptic" sakumvetsa liwu lina - ". tizilombo toyambitsa matenda" Antiseptics ndi sipekitiramu yotakata kanthu, popeza monga nthumwi zonse masaka, kuphatikizapo disinfectants.

mankhwala azitsamba

Pali chinthu monga masoka antiseptic. Ndi, monga dzina lake likunenera, chinthu chimene sichinapangidwe ndi munthu ndi chirengedwe. Mwachitsanzo - madzi a zomera monga Aloe kapena zothandiza chifuwa anyezi ndi adyo.

antiseptics ambiri zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo achilengedwe. Izi ndi zosiyana teas mankhwala, monga St. John wa liziwawa, yarrow kapena tchire. Kwa inunso aku osadziwika phula sopo, womwe wapangidwa pamaziko a birch phula tincture "Evkalimin", chomwe ndi Tingafinye wa bulugamu.

Kupambana lofunika of Medicine

Zikamera wa antiseptics opaleshoni za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, komanso atulukira ena a sayansi (mankhwala, atulukira magulu a m'magazi) anabweretsa mbali iyi mankhwala mlingo zonse zatsopano. Nthawi imeneyi ambiri madokotala akhagopa kupita ku ntchito yowopsa, amene anatsatira ndi kutsegula kwa zimakhala thupi. Amenewa anali yomalizira pamene china chirichonse chinali kenanso. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, popeza ziwerengero anali zokhumudwitsa. Pafupi kwathunthu odwala onse afe pa tebulo ya opareshoni. Ndipo chifukwa cha matenda onse anali opaleshoni.

Choncho, mu 1874, Pulofesa Erickson anati kuti madokotala nthawizonse kukhala ziwalo kufikako za thupi monga zonse m'mimba ndi cranial ndi thorax. Only maonekedwe a antiseptics kukonza.

masitepe loyamba

History antiseptics anayamba kalelo. angapezeke akutchula za ntchito zawo mu zolemba za asing'anga a ku Iguputo ndi Greek. Komabe, palibe sayansi analibe kulibe. Only kuyambira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anakhala antiseptic purposefully ndi momveka ntchito ngati chinthu chimene chingalepheretse ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka.

Ngakhale madokotala kuti anachita maopaleshoni ambiri bwino. Komabe, mavuto aakulu kupitiriza angabuke chithandizo cha zilonda. Ngakhale ntchito yosavuta yomwe chakupha. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa ziwerengero, aliyense wodwala chimodzi anafa kapena pa opaleshoni.

wazotsatira chiyambi

antiseptics Base anaika Chihangare azamba Ignats Zemmelveys - Professor wa Budapest Medical University. Mu zaka 1846-1849 anagwira ntchito obstetrics chipatala dzina lake Klein ili Vienna. Apo iye anafotokoza ziwerengero zachilendo imfa. Dipatimenti zinapereka mpata ophunzira amene anafa kuposa 30% ya amayi pobereka, ndi m'madera ophunzira sanapite, kuchuluka anali ochepa kwambiri. Patapita kufufuza, anapeza kuti chifukwa cha malungo puerperal, chimene chimapha wodwala, manja zauve ophunzira, amene Ndisanalembetse dipatimenti obstetric chinkhoswe mu dissections cadaver. Pankhaniyi, Dr. Ignats Zemmelveys pa nthawi sanadziwe za majeremusi ndi udindo wawo zimawonongeka lapansi. Kukhala apeza zinthu zimenezi, iye anayamba njira chitetezo - madokotala asanachite opareshoni anali kusamba m'manja ndi njira ya zothetsa kuthimbirira. Ndipo ntchito: mkhalidwe wa imfa kuchipatala umayi m'chaka cha 1847 analipo% 1-3 yokha. Zinali zamkhutu. Komabe, pa moyo wa Professor Ignatsa Zemmelveysa chinatseguka ndipo osati lalandiridwa lalikulu Western akatswiri European m'munda wa matenda achikazi ndi obstetrics.

The England, amene maziko a antiseptics

Mwasayansi kutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha antiseptics anasanduka kutheka pambuyo buku la ntchito za Dr. Louis Pasteur. Iye ndiye anali mu 1863 anasonyeza kuti njira ya inali kuwola ndi nayonso mphamvu ndi tizilombo.

Chifukwa opaleshoni m'dera lino wakhala nyale Dzhozef Lister. Mu 1865, iye choyamba anati: "Palibe amene si decontaminated, sayenera dzagwire." Iwo Lister asanaganize mmene ntchito njira mankhwala kulimbana ndi matenda bala. Iye anakamba bandeji wotchuka ankawaviika karboliki asidi. Mwa njira, mu 1670, asidi ili ngati wothandizira decontamination ntchito pharmacist Lemaire ku France.

Katswiriyu anapeza kuti mabala zamafinya zinangoti ndi chifukwa chakuti tizilombo awa. Iye adayamba ndi sayansi kuti chodabwitsa cha matenda opaleshoni, ndipo anabwera ndi njira kuthana nazo. Choncho, George. Lister anadziwika lonse monga England, amene maziko a antiseptics.

njira Lister a

J .. Lister anatulukira njira zawo kuti adziteteze majeremusi. Mpheroyi zotsatirazi. The antiseptic chachikulu chinali karboliki asidi (2-5% amadzimadzi, wochuluka kapena njira mowa). Mothandizidwa ndi njira zimene kuthetsa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono bala yokha, komanso kusamalira kucheza ndi anthu ake. Choncho, madokotala kudzoza manja, kudula Zida, Mavalidwe ndi sutures, onse chipinda cha opareshoni. Lister adati ngati suture kutsatira antiseptic catgut, amene anali chuma kupasuka. Lister Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa mpweya mu chipinda opaleshoni. Iye anaganiza kuti gwero mwachindunji ya majeremusi. Choncho, chipinda nazonso ankachitira ndi asidi ndi carboxylic ntchito kutsitsi wapadera.

Pambuyo opaleshoni chilonda anali sutured wokutidwa ndi bandeji wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo. Uyunso adali Lister Kutulukira. The bandeji sanali pochitika mpweya, ndi mzere wake pansi, wopangidwa mwa silika, impregnated peresenti asanu karboliki asidi, kuchepetsedwa utomoni wonunkhira mankhwala. Komanso woyikidwa zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu ankachitira rosin, paraffin ndi karboliki asidi. Ndiye zonse nsalu mafuta wokutidwa ndi nsalu bandeji woyera impregnated ndi karboliki asidi.

Njira imeneyi chiwerengero cha kufa pa ntchito utachepa kwambiri. Lister Nkhani kuwauza za mmene angakhalire bwino ndi mankhwala fractures ndi zilonda, linasindikizidwa mu 1867. Anasanduka dziko lonse. Zinali yojambula kwenikweni mu sayansi ndi mankhwala. Ndipo wolemba wakhala zodziwika mdziko lonse monga England, amene maziko a antiseptics.

otsutsa

Lister njira wakhala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndipo anapeza anthu ambiri yaikulu mbali. Komabe, panali anthu amene sindinali kugwirizana ndi mfundo zake. otsutsa ambiri amanena kuti asankhidwa Lister karboliki asidi - osati oyenera disinfection antiseptic. The zikuchokera sing'anga umenewu muli zinthu likhale lolimba irritant kwenikweni. Izi zikhoza kum'vulaza monga minofu ya mtima ndipo manja dotolo. Komanso, karboliki asidi adzatenga katundu poizoni.

Tikumbukenso kuti amadziwika Russian dokotala Nikolai Pirogov anadza pafupi mokwanila vuto pamaso Dzhozefa Listera. Mu njira yake ya chithandizo cha disinfectants waukulu ndi oyeretsa camphor mowa ndi nitrate siliva, amene sakhala poizoni kuposa akufuna asidi ku England karboliki. Komabe Pirogov sanalenge anaphunzitsa ntchito antiseptics, ngakhale iye anali pafupi kwambiri.

Aseptic ndi antiseptics

Patapita nthawi wakhala anayamba njira yatsopano zolimbana ndi matenda opaleshoni - aseptic. Iye anagona chakuti si mankhwala chilonda pomwepo ndi musayandikire matenda ake. Njira imeneyi inali modekha poyerekeza ndi antiseptic, madokotala ambiri anaitana kwa kusiyidwa wathunthu wa chitukuko Lister a. Komabe, moyo nthawi zonse chirichonse mu njira yake.

Umagwirira sayansi alibe kuima. Pali antiseptics latsopano mankhwala amene m'malo asidi poizoni karboliki. Iwo anali lililonse limatisokoneza ndi kuwakhululukira kwambiri. Panali kukufunikira chida champhamvu kuti akhoza decontaminated pa First World nkhondo gunshot mabala. Achikulire septic ndi antiseptic kukonzekera sakanakhoza kupirira foci kwambiri opatsirana. Choncho tabwera kwa mankhwala asanakhazikike.

Zochitika zonse zatsopano ndi atsopano

Mu mmasate za m'ma chatha, dziko latsopano apamwamba antiseptic. Zinali sulfanilamide mankhwala chimene chingalepheretse ndi kuchotsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya m'thupi la munthu. Mapiritsi anatengedwa ndi kugwira ntchito pa magulu ena tizilombo.

Mu makumi anai ndi, mankhwala oyamba padziko lonse lapansi lisanalengedwe. Ndi maonekedwe ake kwa madokotala anatsegula kwathunthu choipitsitsa kuti zimenezi. Mbali yaikulu ya mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa ndi mmene kusankha pa mabakiteriya ndi yaying'ono-zamoyo. Pafupifupi antiseptics zamakono zonse kwa gulu ili. Zinaoneka kuti kukonzekera bwino ndi Sangathe kukhala. Koma kenako kunapezeka kuti ntchito kwambiri kwa mankhwala amachititsa mtundu wa chitetezo chokwanira ku tizilombo ndi mavuto sichinayambe zimafika.

A mankhwala wapadera

chikulepheretsa sayansi ndi mankhwala Kodi chilili. Ndipo dziko adamva za chiphunzitso chotere mu Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri monga "Miramistin". Poyamba tinalengedwera monga antiseptic, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakhungu chombo woyendayenda ku siteshoni danga. Koma izo ndiye amaloŵa ntchito ambiri.

Ndi chiyani icho kotero wapadera? Choyamba, mankhwala ndi otetezeka kotheratu ndipo sanali poizoni. Kachiwiri, zilibe umalowa mu nembanemba mucous ndi khungu ndi mavuto palibe mbali. Chachitatu, izo umalimbana chiwonongeko cha osiyanasiyana yaikulu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ntchito mogwirizana. Komanso, mbali yake yapadera ndi limagwirira cha zochita pa tizilomboto. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala yokonza mbadwo watsopano sangabereke kukana ku tizilombo. Medicament "Miramistin" ntchito osati mankhwala a matenda, komanso kupewa awo. Masiku ano, mankhwala wapadera, analengedwa kuti chitukuko cha malo kupezeka kwa ife tonse.