Fosholo munthu. anthu tsamba thunthu

dongosolo thandizo ndi kayendedwe, womwenso mafupa, minofu ndi Mitsemphayi mu ntchito thupi lonse. Mafupa anapanga mtundu wapadera maselo connective minofu - osteocytes, imakhala m'madipatimenti angapo. Pamafunikanso chigaza, msana, chifuwa, ndi m'chiuno ufulu kumalekezero kupereka pawiri mafupa a nthambi chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi fupa la msana.

Mu pepala ili, tiyenera kulabadira kapangidwe yaikulu ya scapula anthu, amene pamodzi ndi clavicle ndi ndipamene lamba wa malekezero chapamwamba. Komanso chimatanthauza udindo wake mu mafupa ndi kupeza bwino kudwala ambiri.

mbali kandalama mafupa lathyathyathya

Thandizo wagawo limapangidwa mitundu yambiri ya fupa: tubular, wosakaniza ndi lathyathyathya. Iwo amasiyana maonekedwe onse ndi mkati kapangidwe anatomical. Mwachitsanzo, yaying'ono zinthu fupa akhoza kutenga maonekedwe a mbale ziwiri zoonda, pakati amene ali wosanjikiza mkate ndi chofewa ngati siponji minofu ndi lodzala ndi capillaries munali wofiira mafuta.

Ndi nyumba imeneyi ndi sternum, chigaza chipewa, nthiti, ntchafu mafupa ndi tsamba anthu. Ndi bwino kuthandiza kuteteza ziwalo zakuya: m'mapapo, mtima ndi ziwiya lalikulu magazi mantha mawotchi ndiponso kuwonongeka. Kuwonjezera zochuluka Mitsemphayi pamwamba planar fupa ndi tendons angagwirizanitse ambiri kuti azitha kugwira ntchito malo amodzi ndi zazikulu. A wofiira mafupa mkati ndege fupa, akutumikira monga waukulu hematopoietic limba m'dipatimenti corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana.

anthu tsamba thunthu

Bone ali mawonekedwe a makona ndi, za kumbuyo padziko sternum lapansi. mbali chapamwamba ali m'mphepete odulidwa, gawo medial yoyendetsedwa kwa msana, lateral ngodya limapangidwa ndi articular patsekeke. Ndi zizindikiro mutu tubular wa humerus lapansi. mchitidwe wina wa chapamwamba nthambi lamba - clavicle, scapula chikugwirizana kudzera olowa acromioclavicular. Olamulira kudutsa kumbuyo padziko tsamba, umalandira pamalo lateral kudutsa mu acromion lapansi. Inkakhala mphambano ndi kolala fupa padziko olowa. A kumvetsetsa kokwanira kwambiri mwa zinthu anatomical mafupa lathyathyathya amapereka zithunzi scapula anthu anapereka m'munsimu.

Mu embryogenesis fupa anapangidwa kuchokera mesoderm. A akhanda tsamba ossification si wathunthu, ndipo osteocytes akupezeka yekha mu thupi ndipo msana, ndipo ena ali ndi dongosolo cartilaginous (enchondral mtundu wa ossification). M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana pali mfundo ossification mu coracoid, acromion Patapita - kumapeto lateral wa tsamba. Complete ossification anamaliza zaka 18 wa moyo.

Monga minofu Ufumuyo scapula ndi

Njira yaikulu kulumikiza mafupa ndi minofu dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa - mothandizidwa ndi tendons.

Chifukwa kolajeni ulusi amapanga mapeto gawo la kukongola, ku hump inali pamwamba pa nsonga chapamwamba wa M'mimbamo glenoid wa tsamba, mutu wake yaitali kukongola brachii Ufumuyo. M'mphepete pansi ali yemweyo vuto padziko limene amamangiriridwa mwa tendon minofu extensor dzanja mu olowa phewa - ndi triceps (triceps minofu).

Choncho, scapula anthu mwachindunji nawo flexion ndi kutambasuka kwa nthambi kumtunda ndi kukhalabe corset akulu kumbuyo. Mafupa a chapamwamba nthambi lamba - clavicle ndi scapula ndi dongosolo wamba Mitsemphayi, koma tsamba ali atatu okha mtolo zifukwa kwa phewa ndi acromioclavicular mafupa.

kutanthauza coracoid

M'mphepete chapamwamba tsamba imafika gawo la fupa, amene ndi zotsalira inakhala coracoid ndipo anaitana coracoid. Inkakhala pamwamba olowa mapewa ngati visor a. Pogwiritsa ntchito Scion tendons Ufumuyo lalifupi mutu wa kukongola ndi klyuvoplechevaya ndi akatumba aang'ono pectoralis.

Monga mbali ya scapula wa - mafupa, mwachindunji nthawi m'makona chapamwamba, ndondomeko coracoid nawo mu antagonist minofu: ndi kukongola ndi triceps, ndi ubale wake ndi minofu phewa amapereka atigwira ya nthambi pamwamba pa mbali ndi oposa. Monga mmene taonera, ndondomeko coracoid n'kofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo la tsamba. ndicho chiyambi anatomical cha icho chiri?

Coracoid ndi ntchito ka phylogeny wa inakhala

Poyamba, ife lolunjika pa mfundo yakuti pa nthawi nthambi chapamwamba zikuphatikizapo wophatikizidwa clavicle ndi scapula. Munthu isiyana inakhala Mwachitsanzo, mbalame, nyama zokwawa, nsomba ndi achule, kuchepetsa khwangwala mafupa - coracoid. Iwo amagwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kumalekezero chapamwamba ntchito zovuta mwakuthupi ndi osiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe a galimoto anagona, ndege, navigation, kapena kukwawa. Choncho, pamaso pa fupa wachitatu lamba forelimb anakhala kosathandiza. Khwangwala fupa munthu yafupika, ndi mbali chabe ya lamulo limeneli lili - ndondomeko coracoid, amene anakhala gawo la tsamba.

Kudwala mafupa a chapamwamba nthambi lamba

The anomaly ambiri anthu dongosolo tsamba zachititsa kuti kuyan'anila za organogenesis mu utero, kapena ngati vuto pambuyo dystrophic minofu kuwonongeka kapena neuroinfections. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, vuto phiko-vanes limanenedwa ngati pamene kuona kunja wodwala ndipo pa radiograph lapansi.

Matendawa limodzi ndi osautsa ululu phewa ndi pachifuwa chifukwa cha neuropathy mofulumira osauka. Chikhululukiro kumachitika mogwirizana ndi mankhwala - njira zoyezera: dosed katundu thupi, kutikita, kokoka wapadera kwa minofu phewa ndi kumbuyo.

Wina kudwala - kobadwa nako mkulu ubwenzi scapula (matenda Sprengel a). anomaly Izi pamodzi ndi kuphwanya dongosolo la vertebrae ndi anatomical zopindika nthiti Mwachitsanzo, coalescence zawo kapena tsankho kulibe. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda: one- ndi awiri amaganiza chosokonekera kuswa masamba.

Choncho, ndi zotupa amgwirizano wa tsamba kumanzere ndi apamwamba kuposa kumanja. The anomaly ndi oopsa alibe wa myocytes mu lalikulu minofu: trapezius ndi rhomboid - yaikuluikulu. A osangalala tingayembekezere opaleshoni, chomwe chinkachitika mwana mpaka zaka 8, ali pambuyo pa opaleshoni sachita chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba, physiotherapy zochepa ndipo kutikita.