Tubular mafupa: kapangidwe ndi ntchito. Long mafupa

Tubular mafupa a munthu - fupa mapangidwe cylindrical mawonekedwe elongated, osachepera triangular. Kwenikweni kumatanthauza kasinthidwe kulibe. Monga ulamuliro, kutalika kwa fupa mobwerezabwereza umalamulira lonse. Komabe, chiwerengero motero akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa fupa tubular limodzi ndi zifukwa zingapo, waukulu umene uli pamaso pa kashiamu zimabweretsa mankhwala kugwira nawo ntchito yomanga minofu fupa.

The ndondomeko ya mapangidwe nyumba ma mokwanira yaitali. akusowa kashiamu zambiri kumayambitsa kupindika fupa. The owonjezera amafotokozera izi zofunika akhozanso kungasokoneze mapangidwe mafupa a mwana. Mu nthawi kuteteza deformities fupa kukula chamoyo, m'pofunika moyenera mankhwala nawo mbali.

The yaitali ndi waufupi mafupa tubular

Mafupa anthu ndi dongosolo zomveka, anapatsa angapo mapulogalamu zinchito. Aliyense mbali ya thupi akuchita ntchito yake, ndi Mgwirizano chonse zigawo munthu zimatengera ntchito yofunika lake lonse. anthu mafupa yaitali gawo lofunika kwambiri la mafupa, iwo ali ndi udindo ndi ntchito minofu ndi mafupa. Pankhaniyi, ntchito za thupi zimatheka pamene mogwirizana kwa ophunzira onse ndondomekoyi. Ena ntchito za maofesi fupa ndi ma kusuntha mu mode zonse, monga kuyenda kapena akuthamanga. Cyclical kubwereza kwa kanthu yomweyo amakhala basi, nyemba amayambira si mu ubongo osati chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi minofu minofu nawo mbali.

mafupa Tubular ogwirizana ndi mzake mwa tendons ndi akatumba. Mbali yoyamikira mafupa pa mfundo ZINTHU hinge limagwirira. zipangizo amenewa ali mkati zimfundo thupi, omwe TACHIMATA ndi wapadera hyaline chichereŵechereŵe, kuteteza mikangano. Pa nsonga ya kukhudzana pakati padziko Wopanda pa matalikidwe wina, gulu lawo kumachitika efficiently ndi ulamuliro mosamalitsa zochepa. thupi tubular osatetezeka fupa, zopatuka aliyense kuchokera anakonzeratu zoyenda vekitala kuchititsa mavuto ndi zopweteka. Mu chochitika cha kuphwanya muyeso wa yachibadwa galimoto mode olowa akhoza kutuluka chinkhoswe zachilengedwe ndi Choncho dislocation amapezeka.

Long mafupa tubular a mafupa a anthu thandizo waukulu maphunziro, cholimba kwambiri ndi odalirika. Komabe, iwo ayenera kutetezedwa, kuti katundu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri akupumula. Long mafupa anawagawa mitundu osiyana:

• tibia;
• yaing'ono atavalanso zoteteza;
• m'chuuno;
• cheza;
• phewa;
• ulna.

Short mafupa tubular:

• metatarsal;
• metacarpal;
• phalanges.

Nthawi zambiri yochepa mafupa tubular ndi kupitiriza yaitali.

Kodi mafupa ndi manja tubular, mwanjira nawo gululi thupi? Izi ndi tibia ndi femur. Short mafupa tubular kupereka ntchito ya ndalezo kuyenda mu zosiyanasiyana zambiri zochepa.

kapangidwe

Tubular fupa zigwirizana gawo chapakati diaphysis, chimene zimatanthauza M'mimbamo elongated kutsiriziratu pa onse itha epiphyses. The diaphysis ndi ubongo chikasu, epiphysis ndi olimba chofewa ngati siponji kapangidwe ndi zigawo okutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe.

The epiphysis - yaitali mapeto a fupa tubular, adzakhale ndi mawonekedwe ena, anaikira lumikiza ndi olowa pafupi. A kuphatikiza magawo awiri kapena atatu kupanga olowa wathunthu, kugwira ntchito mu pulogalamu Makamaka, galimoto thupi. Contact zimfundo ndi makombo a potsimikizira-mtundu mawonekedwe, pamene pamwamba pa hafu ya mawonekedwe otukukira kunja, ndi zina - concave.

periosteum

Kunja, mafupa yaitali yokutidwa ndi periosteum, ndi connective minofu wosanjikiza. Ndi moyo maphunziro organic, cholinga chimene chiri ntchito zoteteza.

organics

The tubular fupa mankhwala tichipeza zinthu organic ndi zochita kupanga. Chiwerengero cha nkhani zawo zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wa munthu. zaka Ana - nthawi ya ulamuliro wa zinthu organic mu thupi limene amapereka mafupa kusinthasintha. Ndi zaka, zikuchokera zipangizo pang'onopang'ono amasintha malo ake oyenera wotanganidwa ndi zinthu zochita kupanga, amene amapereka mphamvu. Izi makamaka kashiamu mchere.

chipangizo thupi

• Thunthu yaying'ono imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mbale fupa, fupa kuphimba yothandizira wosanjikiza wandiweyani. flakes olimba amaphatikizidwa mu mayunitsi structural otchedwa osteons. zidutswa anapanga - ndi mapangidwe cylindrical katundu organic mwa amene anayesedwa misempha ndi ziwiya kakang'ono ka magazi.
• thunthu ndi yaying'ono zigawo cancellous kumasiyana ndi dongosolo porous. Pa mapangidwe trabeculae wa cancellous nawo - choyambirira septum fupa. mphamvu zawo zimatengera zinthu zambiri.
• Mafupa - waukulu hematopoietic limba mu thupi laumunthu, limene lili mkati mafupa yaitali. Iwo agawidwa mitundu iwiri: yachikasu ndiponso yofiira. Woyamba aumbike mwa maselo mafuta ndi kusungidwa mu diaphysis wa - mbali yaikulu ya fupa tubular. Red mafupa ili mu gawo porous ya England pineal ndi nsalu reticular, kuli chinamulowerera ziwiya kakang'ono ka magazi. Ducts kuti maselo amenewa utangoyamba kulowa ambiri. Kupanga maselo atsopano magazi chifukwa tikukhala mu maselo tsinde mafupa. ndondomeko silitiletsa ngakhale lachiwiri. Pali ndinu osteoclasts ndi osteoblasts, amene pomwe mafupa kuwononga ntchito.

kukula

Long mafupa kukula mu chitukuko cha epiphyseal mbale wapadera. Chichereŵechereŵe wosanjikiza pakati pa epiphyses ndi diaphysis akhoza kukula mwamphamvu ubwana ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono pa unyamata, ndi kukhwima kenako. ndondomeko ndi malamulo ndi mahomoni ndipo sasiya mpaka anamaliza thupi.

Kwambiri yogwira kukula fupa zidzachitika samatha thupi. Nthawi yoyamba kumatenga 5 mpaka 7, wachiwiri - kuchokera 11 mpaka zaka 15. Komanso kukula kwa mapangidwe fupa akupitiriza, koma zoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Pomaliza, mapangidwe gawo mafupa Wamaliza kwa zaka 20.

fractures

Pathological kuphwanya umphumphu wa nyumba munthu chigoba tinganene kuti fractures fupa anafotokoza chifukwa cha katundu kwambiri.

Zimayambitsa waukulu fractures:

• mawotchi choipa;
• matenda osiyanasiyana kuchititsa kuchepa mphamvu fupa (osteomyelitis, kufooka kwa mafupa).

Mitundu ya fractures:

• metaphyseal;
• epiphyseal;
• diaphyseal.

Zizindikiro za wovulala:

• ululu umachuluka kwambiri pamene katundu;
• kutupa zikuchitika patapita nthawi vuto;
• hematoma yaikulu, kuwonekera Mphindi 90 pambuyo choipa;
• kulephera ntchito ya nthambi zowonongeka.

Zizindikiro za khalidwe mtheradi:

• zobwera malo a nthambi;
• wachisokonezo kuyenda mbali osiyana;
• lililonse crackle (kuthetheka) pa malo a choipa;
• fupa kutha mu bala, kuwululidwa mwa fractures lotseguka.

kuchira

Kusinthika ndi machiritso a minofu fupa kumachitika mwa mapangidwe maselo atsopano pa malo kuvulazidwa. Kubwezeretsa fupa tubular zingatenge kwa masabata angapo miyezi ingapo. Lipole amafuna zina mtheradi.

Kusinthika nawo cambium wosanjikiza wa periosteum ndi chikasu maselo mafuta tsinde.

Lipole lagawidwa magawo anayi:

1. Autolysis - yogwira ndende ya maselo oyera pa fupa lothyoka malo ndi Kutha minofu zidutswa akufa.
2. Kuchulukana - kafalitsidwe maselo fupa poyankha choipa ndi m'badwo munthawi yomweyo minofu cartilaginous amene ndiye mineralized.
3. Kubwezeretsa kotunga magazi, chifukwa mu choipa mkhutu, mapangidwe nkhani yaying'ono.
4. Full ayambe m'njira medullary kubwerera kwa luso zinchito.

diagnostics

Matenda a fractures zichitike kuchipatala. Chithunzi chonse kuwonongeka kwa phunziro X-ray kudziwa zizindikiro mtheradi ndi wachibale wa wovulala.

The diagnostics ikuchitika chithandizo, chomwe mpheto wa gypsum anakuta kukonza tayala. Ngati ndi kotheka, ntchito samatha m'zigawo njira. Pamakhala nthawi yaitali ananena alili ndi mankhwala.