Ancient kukopa kwa Crimea - linga Funa

Crimea akhoza zimachitika malo kwambiri kwambiri mu madera a dziko. Zimenezi zikukhudza mbali zonse achibadwa ndi chikhalidwe pachilumbachi unali pa mphambano ya kum'mawa ndi zolengedwa Western, anataya chitukuko ndi munthu zikumuyendera limati zina. Ena mwa iwo anatha kukhala pano mofanana nthawi imeneyi. Chitsanzo cha umboni zinthu zimenezi - mpanda wolimba Funa mu Alushta.

Kodi chidwi?

Dzina "Funa" latembenuzidwa kuchokera Greek momwe "wautsi". dzina lake analandira polemekeza phiri Demerdzhi. Linga Funa chabe m'tsinde nsonga wokongola wa chakumwera kwa Crimea. Mu malo awa, mwa njira, anali kuwombela lodziwika bwino "Caucasus ukapolo" ndi zina mafilimu Soviet.

Kale kudzera malo limeneli unachitikira Small silika Road ", yemwe ankapita ku Gorzouvites (Gurzuf tsopano) ndi Aluston (Alushta masiku ano) kuti Kafa (tsopano Feodosia). Osati mwangozi pa chotero njira malonda otchuka panali linga kuteteza katundu malonda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusonkhanitsa kwa ndalama kwa ndimeyi.

Linga Funa anatchulidwa monga mbali ya orthodox ukulu wa Theodoro, zakale, kukumana nthawi zonse ndi Genoese ndi Asilamu. Area mpanda ndinali wamng'ono - mamita 56 m'lifupi ndi mamita 106 yaitali. Kumadzulo izo adalowa thanthwe, ndi zina chobisa wake makoma kumbuyo 15 mapazi mkulu. Choyamba Funa linga anatchulidwa 1384. Koma ambiri a magwero a akamaliza kumanga zovuta ndi pachibwenzi 1422 chaka.

kale

A chivomezi cha mphamvu kumene kunachitika yomweyo pambuyo pa tsikulo, kwachititsa kuti linga anayamba kumanga kachiwiri kale mu 1425. Koma mayeso siinathe. Ndipo m'malo amafotokozera mantha anadza moto ambiri nthawi iliyonse kwenikweni incinerates achitetezo Funa. Mu 1459 ndi kukonzanso noticeable adatengedwa mu nyumba, umene wakhala kusandulika nyumba imeneyi mu loko wa. Kenako, pakhomo chipata inamangidwa mu tiers atatu donzhon kutalika mamita 15 ndipo khoma makulidwe a mamita 2,3. Panali nyumba feodoriyskogo wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu.

Mu 1475 a nyumba kuonongeka kachiwiri, nthawi imeneyi ndi Ottoman Turkey. Ambiri anakhalabe labwinobwino kachisi Feodoru Stratilatu - waukulu woyera ndi wankhondo nyengo Byzantine Mfumu Constantine Ine, dzina Wamkulu. Kenako mu 1475, a Crimea anagwidwa ndi Turkey, potsiriza anawononga achitetezo Funa. Ndipo am'deralo zonse anasiya malo pambuyo chimene chinachitika mu 1894-mamita hugest kugwa, ndi kuyika ulemerero wakale zovuta lapansi.

Tsopano yofunika kwambiri cholowa mbiri ya gulu loyimba mapulani a linga la kusewera Funskoy Church St. Feodora Stratilata mabwinja bwino anasunga mu nthawi za zimene zinachitika Ottoman Turkey. Mpingo mobwerezabwereza zamangidwa n'kuikonzanso, kotero panali mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XX.

Suli kutali ndi mabwinja a blocky otchedwa ndi chisokonezeko mu mawonekedwe a milu ya zidutswa za miyala, miyala zamitundu yonse. Ndi umboni wosatsutsika wa mphamvu kugwa kwa 1894, ndipo anayamba masoka ang'onoang'ono-ang'ono. Choncho, kuwonongeka yofunika kwambiri kwa nyumba amakhalabe Yalta unawonongedwa ndi chivomezi mu 1927.

zokumbidwa pansi

Pa yomanga ya zovuta mu makoma zomangamanga mphinjiri anali anapeza zinthu zakale. Omanga m'nyengo zomangamanga zikuoneka kuti adziteteze ku mphamvu ya mdima yomwe anali mipanda mitanda ndi zotsalira za oyera mtima. Iwo anapeza ndi mwala nsangalabwi ndi tsiku yomanga nyumba ndi zizindikiro za Kalonga Theodoro. buku la anapezazo chikuyambika pakhomo.

Pambuyo pa adani a Crimea ndi ankhondo Nazi mapazi a nthano wamba za mfumukazi ndi chuma wokonzeka ndi chobisika m'madera a Gothic Korona zofukulidwa zikuluzikulu anali m'magulu. Sanathe zinathandiza kuti mwasintha kwambiri, koma nthano ya korona wa m'manda akali moyo.

zikuchitika

Lero achitetezo Funa - izo kumawononga woimira mulu wa chomenyedwa pa malo a mpingo awiri-storey, ndipo lonse kutsogolo pabwalo ndi mabenchi amalonda Funy, alendo ndi nyumba. Only ndi mpukutu umodzi wa apse wa mpingo, atapachikidwa pa mbali ya msewu ndi munda waukulu, amatikumbutsa kale ukulu mpanda. Kuyang'ana pozungulira mabwinja, munthu mosavuta kulingalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomanga ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu, m'lifupi makoma zomwe m'madera ena ukufika mamita awiri.

Pa bwinja kuonekera conch - apse, anatumikirapo monga guwa linga mpingo. Guwa anali pafupifupi lonse kufikira mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo. Kufupi ndi nyumba pa malo omwe tsopano ali yekha mulu wa miyala. Pafupifupi mamita kumpoto kwa mabwinja zili m'manda a anthu a m'mudzi ndi mpanda wolimba Funa.

Museum ntchito

Lero, pa malo a dongosolo kale linga ndi panja owonetsera zakale. Pa gawo alendo ake nawo mawonekedwe view kusonyeza linga panopa. Kuyambira maulendo pafupifupi mizinda yonse ya Crimea pano bungwe. Mtengo wa maulendo a m'nyumbayi pabwalo ndi osachepera. Yendani pa miyala loyandikana ufulu. M'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka ku 8:00 kuti 17:00.

Funa linga: bwanji kuti kumeneko?

Funy ntchito zofunika - izo mosavuta alendo. Ndi alendo ake kudutsa, kuyenda kuchokera ku Simferopol kuti Alushta. Kuyima panjira, theka chabe ola mukhoza kuona mabwinja moti weniweni akale achitetezo Funa. A kachikumbutso chithunzi pa maziko a odziwika Crimea zowoneka kukhala mu wanu Album.

Izi chidwi chipilala zakale zokumba pansi ndi zomangamanga akale kumpoto kwa mudzi Sangalalani, pafupifupi ziwiri makilomita kutali. Mukhoza uko ku Alushta pabasi siteshoni mzinda basi. Pa mbali ya Sangalalani, pang'ono m'munsimu Kutuzovsky kasupe, ndi phula msewu. Mukhoza kuyendetsa galimoto. Mwa njira, mu chowala ndi mwayi kukwera akavalo. angapo makampani bungwe maulendo izi.