Phone SIM khadi: chipangizo

SIM khadi - chipangizo chimene chiri wolembetsa adzadziwire gawo. dera Izi Integrated lakonzedwa kuti zipinda otetezeka kusungiramo mayiko mafoni wolembetsa chizindikiritso (IMSI) ndi kugwirizana omwe ntchito chizindikiritso ndi kutsimikizika kwa olembetsa mu mafoni zipangizo telephony (mwachitsanzo, matelefoni a m'manja ndi makompyuta). Mungathe kusunga adilesi ambiri SIM-makadi.

makadi SIM nthawi zonse ntchito pa GSM mafoni zipangizo CDMA n'zofunika yekha zipangizo zatsopano ndi LTE-n'zogwirizana. Zingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mafoni Kanema.

SIM-khadi ndi mbali ya ntchito ya dera chilengedwe Integrated (UICC), yomwe Nthawi zambiri PVC ndi kulankhula Integrated ndi semiconductors. SIM-khadi, chipangizo ozikidwa pa luso digito, angathe kupatsira deta pakati zipangizo zosiyanasiyana yam'manja.

SIM-khadi zikuphatikizapo:

• wapadera siriyo chiwerengero (ICCID);
• mafoni dzina lonse (IMSI);
• kutsimikizika ndi kubisa;
• nthawi zambiri pa Intaneti malo m'dera;
• mndandanda wa ntchito imene wosuta angapeze;
• chipangizo foni SIM khadi alinso mapasiwedi awiri: Personal Number chizindikiro (Pin) ntchito yachibadwa, komanso unblocking malamulo (a PUK) kuti tidziwe Pin.

History ndi nthawi kumsika

Poyamba mtundu SIM kumatanthauza ndi kutumiza mauthenga European Mfundo Institute ku mfundo TS 11,11 nambala yomwe imafotokoza thupi katundu ndi zomveka wa SIM khadi. Ndi UMTS chitukuko cha ntchito mfundo wakhala pang'ono umasamutsidwa ku 3GPP.

Choyamba SIM-khadi anayamba kupanga mu 1991 ndi Munich Mlengi wa makadi anzeru Giesecke & Devrient, amene anagulitsa woyamba makope 300 a ku Finland opanda zingwe maukonde woyendetsa Radiolinja.

inactivation

Mu mapangano ambiri contractual "kulipira-pita" muyenera nthawi ntchito prepayment pofuna kupewa atapita ntchito nkhani. Nthawiyi zimadalira woyendetsa maukonde, koma nthawi anatsimikiza mtima miyezi itatu. Izi ndi zina chifukwa chakuti SIM-khadi ndi anafooka mu maukonde.

kulembetsa

M'mayiko ambiri ndi ntchito amafuna chizindikiritso kuti yambitsa utumiki, koma pali ena kuchotserapo, monga Hong Kong akuti sar.

Kodi SIM khadi foni?

Pakuti SIM-makadi atatu ntchito voteji: 5V, 3V ndi 1.8V opaleshoni voteji ambiri "simok", kuthamanga mpaka 1998, anali 5 V. Kenako analenga makadi ndi yogwirizana ndi 3 V ndi 5 V. nthawi Modern thandizo 5 V, 3 V ndi 1.8 V.

deta

Pa SIM-makadi kusungidwa zambiri zopezera ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ndi kuzindikira azilandira maukonde. Ofunika kwambiri awa ndi ICCID, IMSI, kutsimikizika Ofunika (Maf), m'dera malo dzina (Lai) Chiwerengero cha mwadzidzidzi kuitana woyendetsa.

SIM khadi, amene chipangizo zachokera machenjerero komanso zimasunga deta zina, malingana woyendetsa monga malo utumiki chiwerengero cha mauthenga yochepa (SMS ServiceServiceName), dzina la athandizi a (SPN), manambala chipinda utumiki (SDN), magawo Advanceofcharge ndi ntchito mtengo anawonjezera (VAS).

SIM-khadi akhoza aziwapatsa zazikulu mosiyanasiyana kafukufuku 8 osachepera 256 KB. Onsewo amakulolani kusunga pazipita ojambula 250, koma ngati pali mabuku a 32 KB malo 33 zizindikiro mafoni maukonde (MNC) kapena "identifiers maukonde", mtundu wa 64 KB ndi vuto la 80 MNC. index amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito zopezera kusunga Intaneti ankakonda, ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito pamene SIM si mu maukonde kwanu ndipo akungoyendayenda. Kodi chotero chipangizo foni SIM khadi?

The woyendetsa, amene anamasulidwa "SIM khadi" angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza foni yanu kwa zopezera yochezera ntchito zabwino pangano malonda a kampani koyamba maukonde. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti foni munali SIM ichi, akhoza olumikizidwa kwa mpaka 33 kapena Intaneti 80, kutanthauza yekha kuti SIM-khadi issuer akhoza kuloza ku ndalamazo Intaneti mukonda. Ngati "SIM" kunja kwa intaneti adalipo, izo ntchito woyamba kapena zabwino kwambiri munthu.

ICCID

Aliyense SIM-khadi imafotokozedwa pa mlingo wa mayiko pa dzina la dera la Integrated (ICCID). ICCID kusungidwa pa SIM khadi, komanso lalembedwa kapena kusindikizidwa pa phukusi pa ndondomeko personalization.

ICCID anatsimikiza ndi umboni wa manambala ITU-T E.118 ngati pulaimale. Kamangidwe ake zachokera ISO / IEC 7812. Malinga ndi nambala E.118 angakhale manambala mpaka 22 kuphatikizapo cheke manambala masamu ntchito Luhn aligorivimu. Komabe, GSM fezi 1 amatanthauziridwa kuti ICCID kutalika 10 octets (20 manambala) ndi kapangidwe enieni woyendetsa lapansi.

Mayiko Mobile chizindikiro wolembetsa (IMSI)

SIM-khadi amadziwika ntchito munthu zopezera kudzera apadziko lonse mafoni wolembetsa chizindikiritso (IMSI). Ntchito ya maukonde mafoni olumikizidwa kwa kuyitana foni ndi kusinthana SIM-makadi awo mu msika ndi IMSI ake. mtundu lotsatira.

Woyamba manambala atatu akuimira Mobile Dziko Code (MCC).

Yotsatira manambala awiri kapena atatu ali m'manja maukonde malamulo (MNC). Atatu manambala zizindikiro MNC analola E.212, koma makamaka ntchito mu United States ndi Canada.

Ziwerengero zotsatirazi akuimira mafoni wolembetsa chizindikiritso nambala (MSIN). Kawirikawiri manambala 10, koma mtengo adzakhala osachepera pa nkhani ya zitatu manambala MNC kapena ngati malamulo dziko amasonyeza kuti utali wonse wa IMSI ayenera kukhala manambala zosakwana 15. Onse Chiwerengerochi zimasiyana dziko, koteronso kukhale kusiyana njira anasanja SIM khadi. Chiwembu ndi mofanana ndi fakitale, kusiyana kokha zimawonedwa mfundo zimene analemba.

Kiyi kutsimikizika (Maf)

Kni - ndi phindu 128-bit kuti ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ndi SIM-makadi mu GSM mafoni maukonde (maukonde USIM mukufunabe ndi Maf, koma pamafunika magawo ena). Aliyense masitolo SIM-khadi wapadera Maf, imene woyendetsa pa ndondomeko personalization. njira imeneyi kusungidwa mu Nawonso achichepere ndi (zotchedwa pakati kutsimikizika, kapena AuC) mu maukonde utumiki athandizi.

Kodi SIM khadi ndi kuwala kwa pamwamba? Bukuli lakonzedwa m'njira monga kupewa Maf ndi mawonekedwe anzeru khadi. M'malomwake, SIM-khadi amapereka ntchito "Start GSM-aligorivimu", amene amalola foni popereka deta kwa "khadi SIM", zimene ziyenera lonjezolo Maf. Izi ndi maganizo oti ntchito SIM khadi ayenera ngati Maf sangathe amachotsedwa SIM-khadi kapena woyendetsa akufuna kukuza njirayi. Zochita za GSM kubisa aligorivimu kwa kuwerengetsa SRES_2 (onani. Khwerero 4 m'munsimu) wa Maf ali vulnerabilities ena kuti akhoza kulola ayambe mtengo uwu ndi "makadi SIM" ndi kulenga lingafanane SIM-khadi.

The ndondomeko kutsimikizika

Pamene zipangizo m'manja anayamba, izo amalandira wa mayiko mafoni wolembetsa adzadziwire (IMSI) SIM-khadi ndipo akutumiza kuti woyendetsa mafoni kupempha mwayi ndi kutsimikizika. zida Mobile angathe kupatsira Pin-kachidindo pa SIM khadi asanafike adzatsegula mfundo.

Chizindikiritso cha m'dera malo

masitolo SIM Network boma mudziwe, amene analandira kwa malo m'dera adzadziwire (Lai). ntchito Network anawagawa m'madera malo, omwe ali wapadera Lai chiwerengero. Pamene chipangizo kusintha malo, izo zimasunga ndi Lai latsopano mu SIM-khadi, anatumiza ilo mmbuyo kwa maukonde woyendetsa ku malo atsopano. Ngati chipangizo umagwira cyclically, izo wachotsa deta kuchokera ku "Sims" ndi kufunafuna Lai m'mbuyomu. Pa ntchito iyi ndi zina nsikidzi ndi SIM khadi.

SMS-mauthenga ndi kulankhula

Ambiri SIM-makadi adzakhala kusakhulupirika kusunga wina kuchuluka kwa SMS mauthenga ndi kulankhula buku foni. Keyala zasungidwa awiriawiri yosavuta "dzina ndi nambala": timva kuti muli manambala a foni angapo ndipo manambala zina foni zambiri osati kusungidwa pa izo. wotere kupereka SIM khadi chipangizo. Keyala angapulumuke yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene wosuta ayesera kutengera timva choterechi "SIM khadi" foni mapulogalamu ukugawa iwo mu kaundula angapo, kutaya china chilichonse chimene si nambala ya telefoni.

Chiwerengero cha ojambula opulumutsidwa ndi mauthenga zimadalira SIM-khadi. zitsanzo woyambirira kusunga okwana mauthenga asanu ndi ojambula 20 pamene ano makadi SIM zambiri amatha kusunga zinthu zoposa 250.

SIM khadi: chipangizo ndi akamagwiritsa

Kwa zaka zambiri, chitukuko cha SIM-khadi akhala ang'onoang'ono, ndi magwiridwe awo sadalira kake. Kwa chachikulu "Simcoe" akutsatiridwa ndi mini-SIM, yaying'ono-SIM ndi nano-SIM. Lero iwo ngakhale anamanga mu chipangizo.

Full-kukula SIM-khadi

Full-kukula SIM khadi (kapena 1FF, 1st mawonekedwe chinthu) anali woyamba mawonekedwe china. Iwo ali kukula kwa ngongole (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Kenako, ang'onoang'ono "Sims" nthawi zambiri chogulitsidwa chachikulu anamanga-mapu, kumene komangokankhidwira.

Mini-SIM

Map mini-SIM (kapena 2FF) chimodzimodzi kukhudzana dongosolo ngati utumiki wa kakulidwe SIM khadi, ndi zambiri amaperekedwa mu adaputala chachikulu Ufumuyo thereto mamembala lumikiza. chiwembu Zimenezi zimathandiza ntchito popanga zida ndi zofuna khadi zonse ndi chipangizo, zofuna ndi mini-SIM-khadi (pambuyo chotupa cha kulumikiza zinthu). Popeza zonse kutalika "Simca" salinso ntchito, ena mavenda amalitchula mawonekedwe chinthu muyezo kapena wokhazikika SIM-khadi.

Yaying'ono-SIM

Map yaying'ono-SIM (kapena 3FF) ali makulidwe chomwecho ndi malo a ojambula, koma kusiyana ndi kutalika aang'ono ndipo m'lifupi.

mtundu yaying'ono-SIM anadziwana ndi kutumiza mauthenga European Mfundo Institute (ETSI) kwa unsembe mu zipangizo kuti ndi ang'ono kwambiri kwa mini-SIM-khadi. Fomu chinthu anatchulidwa mu 3GPP SMG9 UMTS gulu ntchito, ndilo thupi limene amakhazikitsa mfundo za GSM SIM-khadi, mu December 1998, ndipo kenako anavomera pofika cha 2003.

Yaying'ono-SIM lalembedwa kuti ngakhale kubwerera m'mbuyo. Vuto lenileni linali kukhudzana m'dera la Chip lapansi. Kupulumutsa yemweyo kukhudzana m'dera akulola yaying'ono-SIM kukhala yogwirizana ndi m'mbuyomu, akuluakulu SIM-makadi owerenga ndi ntchito notches pulasitiki. zida The anali lakonzedwa kuti ntchito pa liwiro (5 MHz) monga Baibulo m'mbuyomu. The yofanana ndi malo a ojambula inatsogolera ku Maphunziro ambiri, ndi makanema YouTube ndi malangizo a mmene kudula mini-SIM-khadi mu kukula yaying'ono-SIM. Komabe, zimenezi kunyumba nthawi zina chakuti chifukwa cha SIM khadi sakugwirizana chipangizo kapena ngakhale opanda pake.

Nano-SIM

Map nano-SIM (kapena 4FF) inali kuperekedwa October 11, 2012, pamene utumiki wosamalira mafoni m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anayamba kupereka kwa mafoni amene amathandiza mtundu uwu. Nano-SIM ali miyeso ya 12,3 × 8,8 × 0,67 mamilimita ndi amachepetsa mtundu yapita m'dera kukhudzana, pokhalabe ntchito alipo. A felemu ka chimateteza zakuthupi amakhalabe kuzungulira bwalo kukhudzana kupewa madera yochepa. Nano-SIM ali ndi makulidwe a mamilimita 0,67 poyerekeza 0,76 mm akalambula ake. khadi 4FF akhoza adzaikidwa mu adaputala ntchito ndi zipangizo anaikira SIM-makadi 2FF kapena 3FF, ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa wowonda, koma makampani foni musati amalangiza.

IPhone 5, linatuluka mu September 2012, anali chipangizo choyamba kuti amagwiritsa adamulowetsa makadi SIM nano, amene Pambuyo mafoni ena.

M'badwo wotsatira kuti latsopano makadi SIM otchedwa ESIM kapena eSIM (embeddedSIM), zomwe ndi Integrated Chip sanali replaceable mu MWANA-8 phukusi - soldered mwachindunji ku komiti yoyang'anira dera. Iwo adzatha M2M ndi mwayi kutali kwa SIM-khadi.