Mbiri ya entrepreneurship

Lero ogwira ntchito ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu kopindulitsa kwambiri. Osati nthawi zonse osati kwa aliyense, zinali bwino, koma, ngakhalebe, anapulumuka nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndipo komabe akalipo. Kodi masiteji chachikulu chitukuko cha entrepreneurship?

amalonda amakedzana

Chochitachi chinayamba ndi asapita chofunika ndalama. Ndipo akale Zapakati mawu akuti "entrepreneurship" ndi zambiri zimakonda ndi malonda. Kale, anthu ndapeza ulemerero wa wamalonda woyamba ku Foinike, maziko kugombe la Mediterranean ndi madera ambiri. Kuwonekera monga kuthetsa malonda, njuchi unakhala limati palokha ndipo anagonjetsa m'madera ambiri. Chitsanzo chabwino adzakhala Carthage, anakhala wamphamvu Mediterranean mphamvu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mbiri ya entrepreneurship wodzilemekeza ndiponso ndi zitsanzo zina za malonda yogwira. Agiriki akale, amene anakhala osati zochepa luso panyanja kuposa ku Foinike malonda ndi maiko osiyanasiyana a East ndi madera ake anamwazikana m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndipo Black Pacific. Ulamuliro prichernomorskih ku Greece analandira sera, khungu, uchi, chimanga, Livestock. Ku Africa litapita njovu. Egypt aziwapatsa linens, Carthage aziwapatsa makalapeti. Agiriki okha anali wotchuka chifukwa vinyo ndi mafuta.

Ena mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti dongosolo la zachuma akuluakulu akale akhoza kutchedwa capitalist. Ndipotu, pakhala payekha katundu ndi chofunika ndalama Gona ndi zogulitsa kunja kwa imports. Koma kuchuluka kwa yokakamiza, powagwiritsa ntchito kamodzi bizinesi si woyenera.

Ndi amalonda ndi amisiri - amalonda

Mbiri ya malonda chimakwirira Ages Middle. Apa, waukulu view wa entrepreneurial ntchito analinso ntchito zamalonda. Ancient Russian amalonda anali kalikiliki malonda ndi Byzantium, chotuluka zapamwamba ndi vinyo Greek, amene ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito akalonga Kievan. Nagula nazo malonda East ndi madera Greek mu Crimea. Kwa amalonda mu Russia, monga mu maiko wakale, akhoza zimachitika ndi osema. Ndipotu, iwo, monga amalonda amene anagwira ntchito pa yekha kutulutsa katundu, akuchita malonda awo, aganyali zipangizo ndi zida.

Mu Ulaya, amalonda ndiponso amisiri anayamba kulenga mabungwe awo, amene munaitanidwa ku guilds malonda ndi luso - masitolo. Popanda mabungwe awa, mbiri ya entrepreneurship chingakhale chosakwanira. mabungwe Trade, monga Hansa mu akale Germany, unakhala ndi gulu lamphamvu, mtundu wa boma mu dziko. Plommer, kuwunika amasokoneza ndi mitengo, ndipo kenako maziko zikamera wa mabizinezi woyamba capitalist - mafakitale, pamene ambuye a dzulo akhala ambuye ndi journeymen - ogwira ntchito yolipidwa. Komabe, sizinali nthawi zonse: zambiri munalidi gulu gulu kumalepheretsa yekha chitukuko cha entrepreneurship. Pambuyo masitolo onse analibe chidwi kusinthasintha aliyense mtengo mankhwala kapena kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothandiza zokolola.

umalamulira ogwira

Pomaliza, kupitirira malonda malonda anadza pa mathero a Ages Middle. Ndipotu mphindi akuyamba mbiri ya entrepreneurship m'njira yathu ochiritsira. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIV pali manufactory choyamba - ogwira ntchito, kumene magawo onse kupanga ntchito antchito zamanja. M'mayiko ambiri European mu ntchito zochitika otchuka amene amachita ulimi chofunika, kuswana nkhosa kapena mbewu kukula. m'ma XVI tinganene kuti maonekedwe a makampani woyamba olowa katundu, monga Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani Moscow ofotokoza unakhazikitsidwa mu England malonda ndi Russia. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII pamaziko a olowa katundu analenga mabanki choyamba.

Pa mapeto a XVIII atumwi, siteji atsopano chitukuko cha ntchito entrepreneurial. Pali fakitale choyamba, kumene ntchito makina kumawonjezera zokolola ndipo kumachepetsa ndalama kupanga. Mwakhama anayamba ndi mawonekedwe olowa katundu wa bungwe amakampani, amene kumathandiza kuti chitukuko cha malonda lalikulu. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Gona capitalist potsiriza kukhala wamphamvu mu chuma dziko.

Mbiri ya malonda sanamalize. Chochitachi chikukulirakulirabe ndipo tsopano. Ngakhale kuti bizinesi zawo, makamaka danga pambuyo Soviet, amphamvu, malonda akadali sanataye umakopa anthu ambiri.