M'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia. Ndani anatsegula m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia?

Mayina a ena osungirako zinthu zakale Russian amadziwika kuti nzika iliyonse m'dziko lathu. Hermitage izi, Tretyakov Gallery ndi Curiosities. Kuti yotsirizira bungwe - m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia.

Great ofesi ya kazembe wa Peter I

Peter ndalowa mbiri ya dziko monga wokonzanso chilichonse. Iye ndiye anayambitsa m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia. Mu 1698 iye anali woyamba wa mafumu athu anali mu Europe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye kumayiko Western mkati Great ofesi ya kazembe wa mosadziwika kuti akope tcheru kuti munthu wake.

Inali nthawi European ulendo Peter Ine maganizo ake choyamba za kulenga owonetsera zakale wake. Ngakhale mabungwe amenewa inakhazikitsidwa ndi thandizo la olamulira. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri akalonga German anakhalabe awo "nduna ya curiosities", omwe ankasunga curiosities padziko lonse. M'chinenero chawo akutchedwa malo nduna ya Curiosities. Nthawi zambiri, Petulo anakopera European mu dziko lawo. Choncho, m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia wotchedwa chabe - Curiosities.

Ambiri mfumu anakantha Netherlands ndi England ndi kupanga yawo yamakono. M'mayikowa, si zhadnichaya, ndinagula nkhani zosiyanasiyana - mabuku, zipangizo sayansi, mchere, zida. Zonsezi maziko kukhudzana, zomwe anali m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia.

The Kunstkamery m'munsi

Atabwerera kunyumba, Peter Ine sanaiwale za maganizo awo. Patapita zaka zingapo iye anapambana kuchokera ku gombe Swedish Baltic. N'kumene St. Petersburg linakhazikitsidwa, komwe likulu anagwidwa posachedwa. Mfumu ankafuna Kunstkamera ntchito pa za Neva Mtsinje. Anagwidwa mu 1714, chopereka wake wa rarities Chilimwe Palace. Chaka chino imatengedwa chikhazikiro tsiku la Kunstkammer. Izi zisanachitike, zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anali kusungidwa Moscow, mu malo Aptekarskaya ofesi.

M'nyumbayi yoyamba m'mbiri ya Russia ndi pang'onopang'ono wodzazidwa ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho latsopano. Kale chaka chamawa Poroshenko anapitiriza ulendo wake wachiwiri kwa Europe. Mu Holland, mfumu anapita wotchuka Museum Albert Seba. Izi moyo pharmacist kusonkhanitsa mchere zosiyanasiyana, zomera ndi zipolopolo. Iye anagulitsa alendo otchuka ambiri deta wake Zoological, umene posachedwapa analandira m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia.

Nyumba yatsopanoyi kwa nyumbayi

Chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero cha zinthu chakhala chikukwera, anaganiza kusamutsa nduna ya Curiosities latsopano nyumba cholinga Solomo anam'mangira. Kumanga anauika 1718. ntchito anapanga zambiri mapulani, amene aliyense wa iwo anakhala mutu nthawi zambiri. Awa anali: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel ndi Mikhail Zemtsov.

Yomanga inali yowawa kwambiri, ndipo Peter sanayambe wandiwonapo chilengedwe chake. Iye anafa mu 1725, pamene m'malo mwa Kunstkammer anali akadali anabala makoma. Nyumba panopa linatsegulidwa ina. Izi zinachitika mu 1734. Ntchito imeneyi nyumbayi lero (ili pa University Embankment). Iwo achita izo mu kalembedwe Petrine Baroque. Mu mtima ngati zinamangidwa onse a nyumba yoyamba ya likulu latsopano, pamene iye akuyesera kupereka tione moona European.

Izi zisanachitike, m'nyumbayi oyamba ku Russia zinabindikira mu zosakhalitsa Kikin Chambers. N'kumene anali woyamba anatsegula kwa anthu.

mabungwe bajeti

Icho chinali chachikulu ziwiri storey nyumba, amene Komabe, si unkatha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse. M'nyumbayi latsopano analibe bajeti mpaka kalekale, koma Iye sadamlandire wapereka ku ofesi ya Mchere ndi ofesi zachipatala. Yotsirizira mnzawoyo ndodo malipilo. N'kumamuyang'anira chitetezo cha zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, komanso monga kuwonjezera zopereka.

N'zochititsa chidwi 1724, Peter panokha analamula kupereka 400 rubles chaka amachitira alendo. Ngati Tikayerekeza nduna ya Curiosities ndi zakale ena ku Ulaya pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo kumeneko tiona chithunzi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu Dresden ndi "curiosities nduna" zinakhalapo chifukwa nawuza alendo. Mofananamo, kuti "nsonga" ntchito Ashmole Museum ku Oxford English.

owonetsera zakale zolinga

M'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia linatsegulidwa osati kudziunjikira chuma, ndicho kuphunzitsa anthu mu Petersburg aulesi. Ambiri a anthu olemekezeka sankafuna kuphunzira mu sayansi, amene sindiye Peter. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti osachepera amachitira ufulu kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti stoke chidwi chodabwitsa zabodza zopezeka. Inde, Kunstkammer sanali muyeso yekha wa ankadziwa ena. Wokwanira kuti zinali pamene zimayamba ku likulu, zonse Russian nyuzipepala. Pa nthawi yomweyo akutsegula sukulu mu Moscow, kumene akatswiri yachilendo anatiitana. ndi m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia chiyani? Kumene, ndi Curiosities, amene kuyambira pamenepo wakhala malo a sayansi, osati St. Petersburg, koma m'dziko lonselo.

Search zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho m'madera Russian

chochitika chofunika anali cholengedwa wa Academy of Sciences. Izi zinachitika mu 1724. Ndiye Curiosities anabwera pansi pa aegis a m'banja latsopano. A chizindikiro makono a Russian Academy of Sciences ndi nyumba yoyamba ya Russian Museum.

Ngati m'chigawo choyamba wa Kunstkammer anali yekha yachilendo, ndiye nthawi anayamba "kuchepetsa" zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zoweta. Musanayambe kuti St. Petersburg, Peter inaika lamulo pansi amene Moscow Sukulu ya thunthu opaleshoni wanyamula kulemba kwa iye.

Petro anayesetsa kukhazikitsa gulu zonse curiosities kuchigawo chimenechi. Mu 1717, iye anatumiza kuti Voronezh commandant Stepan Kolycheva lomwe linalamula kuti nsombazo, "nyama kaundula wa" zofunika nyumbayi. Mofananamo, Siberia kazembe Gagarin amayenera kutumiza kwa St. Petersburg zipolopolo.

Maulendo sayansi

Mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Peter ndinali chidwi miyala, Zoological, mbiri yakale, anthu ofukula zinthu zakale ndi bibliographical zakuthupi. Maziko a m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia chinachitikira gulu la maulendo ambirimbiri ku East. Ambiri a iwo anapita kukafuna mchere zofunika kukula kwa makampani zoweta. Chofunika kwambiri lingaliro limeneli anali Ural - "Stone m'Galimoto" a dziko. ntchito Geodetic anali anagwiritsanso m'mphepete mwa Baltic, Caspian, Black ndi Azov Pacific.

Mu 1716-1718 gg. pafupi Astrakhan chinapezeka golide ambiri ndi zinthu zasiliva kalekale. Peter Ine (amene anatsegula m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia) amaganizira kwambiri anapezazo izi. Anawatumiza ku St. Petersburg. Zinali ziwiya nsembe, wakukhala mwa m'kamwa mwa Volga nthawi achikunja.

Siberia ulendo Messerschmidt

kufunika kwakukulu kwa Kunstkammer mu zaka zoyambirira za ulendo wa Danieli Messerschmidt. Izi katswiri German ndipo dokotala Peter anatumizidwa ku Siberia kuti poyamba kusonkhanitsa kwambiri zinthu mwapadera "nduna ya mfumu." Mfumu (amene anatsegula m'nyumbayi choyamba mu Russia) ankadziwa kufunika kwa rarities Siberia ndipo ankaona kuti popanda Curiosities kukhala zosalongosoka.

Messerschmidt osati kusonkhanitsa rarities, koma akufotokozera za moyo ndi zilankhulo za anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo za m'mbali izi. German wasayansi analandira kuchokera m'deralo ya anakhala yambiri mbalame ndi nyama zomwe iye n'kubwera kwa St. Petersburg. Paulendo umenewu, Messerschmidt anapezeka zosiyanasiyana mizinda: Tomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, etc ...

Zikomo kuti khama lake mu Kunstkammer anali zipangizo kwambiri pa ethnography, mabuku ndi luso zithunzi za East. Icho chinali Mongol mafuko, Chinese ndi anthu ena Siberia. Kuti aone ubwino ndi kufunika kwa akupeza cha ntchito yapadera kuyisonkhanitsa. Messerschmidt linalipiridwa ndalama zonse kuyenda. Naye anatengedwa ndi muzimvetsera kuulula zinthu zambiri zokhudza zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kunyumba.

kutanthauza Kunstkamery

Chifukwa cha mlili wa Kunstkammer wa St. Petersburg wakhala likulu sayansi ya dziko. Apa anabwera woyamba owonetsera zakale pawekha Russia. olemekezeka ambiri olemera anayamba kusonkhana zopereka zawo, iwo poyera chinaonetsedwa mu zipinda zapadera.

Curiosities yokha lero ndi Anthropology zakale, amene tsiku lililonse amatenga ndalama yaikulu chidwi anthu. Iye anapatsidwa dzina la Peter Ine kudziwa ntchito yake yaikulu kwa sayansi zoweta.