Kupondereza Political. Anazunzidwa pa ndale mu USSR

kupondereza Political - ndi wankhanza ndi wamagazi nthawi mu mbiriyakale ya lawo lapansi. Iye abwera pa nthawi imene dziko unatsogolera Iosif Stalin. Anazunzidwa pa ndale mu dziko la Soviet Union - mamiliyoni a anthu amene amamangidwa n'ku- walamula kuti akhale m'ndende kapena imfa. Akatswiri amanena zotsatira zoipa kwambiri kuti ndi zochitika 1920-1950-ntchentche. Choyamba, mu zaka za kupondereza andale kuswa umphumphu wa anthu Soviet, matabwa ake zaziwerengero.

Akamanena za mantha

Misa repressions ndale zinachitika mu nthawi kuchokera 1937 mpaka 1938. Nthawiyi umatchedwanso "Great Mantha". Malinga Medushevsky, zonsezi angatchedwe zofunika chida chikhalidwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma Stalinist. kafukufuku akukhulupirira kuti pali njira zosiyanasiyana kuti kufotokoza ndi kumvetsa akamanena za "Great Mantha", mmene zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chimango nchito, chiyambi cha lingaliro lake. KUFOTOKOZERA udindo, kumene, wa chachikulu apolisi a dziko - GUGB NKVD ndi Stalin.

mode Features

kupondereza Political, monga ambiri olemba mbiri amakono Russian, ku mbali yaikulu, osati linaphwanya malamulo alipo, komanso Chilamulo Basic - malamulo. Makamaka, kutsutsana anali kulenga matupi owonjezera khoti lalikulu zedi. khalidwe akhoza ankaona, ndi kuti ambiri a chikalatacho anali yolembedwa ndi Stalin yekha pamene kutsegula owona. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi onse chitsutsocho ndale anapatsidwa mphamvu ndi iwo.

Kulimbikitsa mphamvu Stalin

kupondereza ndale zaka 30 anayamba kukhala ambiri ndi chiyambi cha mafakitale ndi collectivization a minda. Zinali zofunika kwambiri ndi kupeza mphamvu ya Stalin. kupondereza Political anakhudza asayansi. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri a iwo akhala mlandu ngati "wa Academy of Sciences". Mu 1932 olemba anayi ku ukapolo chifukwa chakubwera mu "brigade Siberia." Mazana a alonda amene anatumikira mu Red Army, anamangidwa. Onse a iwo anatenga malo mu nkhani ya "Spring". Mu nthawi yomweyo, chitsutsocho ndale ikuchitika za "deviators mtundu."

Zimene zikuchitika ku mayiko a

The Chitata ndi Crimea Autonomous Republic Akuluakulu ena akuluakulu anamangidwa. Iwo anali mu nkhani ya "Sultan-Galyiv gulu la potsimikizira-boma", imene akulu analengeza Sultan-Galiev - Chitata Communist. Mu amalonda payekha anaweruzidwira ku imfa, yomwe pambuyo pake m'malo mwa m'ndende pa remand kwa zaka 10. Mu Belarus, mu zaka 30-31. Iwo anatsutsidwa ndi oimira zida lolamulira la Republic. Iwo mlandu mogwirizana ndi nkhani ya "Union of Kumasuka", imene imachitikanso 86 kanjedza sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. M'chaka cha chaka 30 anali ndi ndondomeko yotseguka Ukraine. Pankhani ya "Union of Kutulutsidwa kwa Republic" zinachitika kuposa anthu 40. Pa mutu wa mlandu anali Efremov - wotsatila mutsogoleli AUAS. Monga tanenera mlanduwo, "ndi Union of Kumasuka Republic" anali umalimbana kulanda boma Soviet kuti atembenuke Ukraine kudziko kulamulidwa ndi amadalira wina wa oyandikana bourgeois kumayiko ena. Onse amene choncho anachonderera wolakwa. Mogwirizana ndi kulapa kwa oimbidwa, ndi chilango cha imfa ichi m'malo ndi zaka 8-10 m'ndende. anthu asanu analandira makonzedwe akuti. Mu Kharkov, mu nkhani ya "gulu lankhondo la Ukraine" unachitika 148 ophunzira. Mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko imeneyi, anamangidwa ku Moscow mu 1934, chaka Poloz. Iye anagwirizira udindo wa Wachiwiri wapampando wa bajeti ntchito ya CEC wa USSR. Mu 20s iye ntchito Poloz kazembe wa Ukraine mu Moscow, Commissar USSR of Finance ndi wapampando wa Commission State Planning. Iye m'ndende kwa zaka khumi.

"General yoyeretsa" wa CPSU (b)

Iwo anali ikuchitika zaka 33-34, kenako kupitiriza May 35. Pa yoyeretsa ya chipani, zimene zinaphatikizapo mamembala 1.916.500, 18,3% onse analandira. Malinga ndi kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi tinayamba kuchita "kutsimikizira zikalata phwando." Zinatha mpaka December 35 chaka. M'kupita kwa ntchito imeneyi, kuwonjezera wina 10-20 zikwi anamangidwa. "M'malo mwa zikalata" anatengedwera kuchokera January kuti September ndi 36 TH chaka. Ndipotu, anali kupitiriza anayamba "kuyeretsedwa" wa zaka 33-35. Mu malo oyamba, ndi mlandu amachotsedwa chipani. kumangidwa Peak zinachitika mu zaka 37-38. mu USSR, anazunzidwa pa ndale mu zaka ziwiri zapitazo zakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Pa nthawi iyi, izo arraigned oposa 1.5 anthu ku imfa alamulidwa 681.692 mlandu.

Moscow Mayesero

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1936 mpaka 1938 anatenga ikani kuganizira za zinthu zitatu zazikulu. Ophunzira kuwunikira ntchito ya CPSU (b), kufanizira ndi 20-30s kumanja kapena Trotskyist kutsutsidwa. Kunja, izi amatchedwa "Moscow Mayesero". Kumangidwa mlandu mogwirizana ndi ntchito Western nzeru kwa gulu la kuphedwa kwa Stalin ndi atsogoleri ena Soviet, kuwonongedwa kwa USSR, kubwezeretsa kwa dongosolo capitalist ndi zoipa kumabungwe osiyanasiyana zachuma. The ndondomeko woyamba unachitika mu 1926, mu August. maphwando Mlandu "Trotsky-Zinoviev Center". The akaidi waukulu anali Kamenev ndi Zinoviev. Komanso milandu ina, iye anali ndi udindo ndi kupha wa Kirov ndi gulu la ciwembu Stalin. Nkhani yachiwiri "kufanana odana Soviet Trotskyite Center" yakhudza 17 Ngopambana ang'onoang'ono mu 1937. Waukulu mlandu anali Sokolnikov, Pyatakov ndi Radek. Ndi imfa ya anthu 13 anaweruzidwira, ndi ena anatumizidwa ku ndende mtengo, amene adawafera posachedwa. The ndondomeko wachitatu adamtenga malo mu 1938, ku 2 mpaka 13 ya March. Iye analamulidwa ndi ophunzira 21 "Kulondola Trotskyite bloc". The akaidi waukulu anali Rykov ndi Bukharin. iwo anatsogolera "kutsutsa bwino" mu 1928-29.

"Ndi Tukhachevskogo"

Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1937, June. Iwo anatsutsidwa ndi gulu la akapitawo a Red Army, kuphatikizapo Tukhachevsky. Iwo amati ndi gulu kukonzekera chiwembu asilikali. Patapita nthawi, Union utsogoleri wa misa purges kunachitika mu lamulo la Red Army. Tikumbukenso kuti asanu ndi mamembala asanu ndi atatu a ku komishoni Special, kuti aphedwe olakwa "Tukhachevsky", kenako nawonso anali atamangidwa. Izi, makamaka, Kashirin, Alksnis, Dybenko, Belov, Blucher.

wozunzikirapo

Kuti mupeze kuvomereza ntchito miyeso mwachilungamo nkhanza. Pafupifupi onsewo anali chinavomerezedwa ndi Stalin panokha. M'nthawi ya "m'firiji pamtunda Khrushchev ndi" ofesi ya Soviet khoti linalamula audited angapo zandale ndi njira gulu. Pa milandu ake falsification anali kudziŵika kuti ndi "zofunika" umboni akhala analandira ntchito wozunzikirapo. Oletsedwa kupondereza, kuzunzika kwa akaidi ankakonda kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pali umboni kuti wakonzekera membala wa Politburo Eiche mu mafunso linathyoka msana, ndi Blücher anafa chifukwa cha kumenyedwa mwadongosolo. Stalin (zinaonekera mbiri yakale) wawauza ntchito kumenyedwa kuchotsa alape.

Lamulo "About akuvutika chifukwa cha repressions ndale"

Iwo anavomerezedwa mu 1991, pa 18 October. Popeza kulowa ake mu mphamvu, ndi 2004 oposa 630-zikwi anthu akhala asintha khalidwe lawo. Akaidi ena Mwachitsanzo, ambiri maudindo utsogoleri mu NKVD, anthu amene anachita nawo kapena zokhudzana ndi uchigawenga ndipo anachita milandu chikhalidwe si ndale, anazitcha "kosamugonjera konzanso." Ambiri sankaona kuti kunali oposa 970-zikwi ofunsira.

chikumbukiro

Mu Russia ndi mayiko ena aja kamodzi mu Soviet Union, umachitika chaka Tsiku la anazunzidwa pa zifukwa zandale. The thirtieth wa October misonkhano, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Patsiku la anazunzidwa pa zifukwa zandale dziko akukumbukira anthuwo anazunzidwa, anthu anawomberedwa, ambiri amene anabweretsa m'nthawi yake phindu lalikulu la lawo ndi angakubwezereninso izo. Izi, makamaka, ndi unyolo wa lamulo la asilikali a dziko, sayansi ndi zithunzi chikhalidwe. m'masukulu ambiri bungwe "moyo maphunziro" wa mbiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, anali misonkhano pafupipafupi ndi anthu opulumuka zinthu zimenezi zinkachitika, ana awo, mu chikumbukiro amene anatsalira nthawi oopsa. The zochitika zazikulu imachitikira ku Solovetsky Stone (Lubyanka Square) ndi pa Butovo yowotcha osiyanasiyana. Misonkhano ndi akulowera ku St. Petersburg. The zochitika zazikulu ikuchitikira pa Utatu Square ndi Levashovskaya bwinja lokhalokha.