Nkhondo yaikulu ya First World nkhondo. nkhondo yaikulu ya World nkhondo yoyamba

Ndi yaikulu, mbiri yonse ya anthu - ndi mndandanda wa nkhondo ndi truces, nthawi zina chosakhalitsa, zina yaitali. Nkhondo ndife otayika mu kukumbukira zaka zambiri, anthu ena kukhala pa kumva Komabe, ndi onse achotsa, aiwala pa nthawi. A nkhondo amene ankati miyoyo ya anthu osachepera 20 miliyoni ndi olumala nkhondo wokulirapo mu dzina lake lyutovali osati Europe komanso ku Africa ndi ku Middle East, pang'onopang'ono zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono zakale. Ndipo mbadwo watsopano osati sadziwa nkhondo yaikulu za nkhondo, koma simungathe ngakhale kumbukirani chimango kuchuluka tsamba imeneyi, ladzaza ndi magazi ndi yatcheredwa nyumba yopsereza onga.

gulu

Magulu omenyanawa anali ophatikizidwa mu manyumba awiri - ndi Entente, ndi kotala (anapanga Alliance). The zikuchokera woyamba kulowa Russian ndi British maufumu, France (komanso ambiri anagwirizana mayiko, kuphatikizapo USA, Japan). Patatu Alliance anamaliza Italy, Germany ndi Austria-Hungary. Komabe, Italy kenako anagwirizana ndi adani ndi adani anayamba wa Ottoman ndi Bulgaria pansi pa ulamuliro wake. ubale dzina lake kotala Union. Zimayambitsa nkhondo, amene zinachititsa kuti nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, wotchedwa osiyana, koma zambiri Zatsala kuipidwa zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo zachuma, malo. Kuwira mfundo ya dziko zimatheka pamene Sarajevo anapha Archduke Franz Ferdinand, ndikuyembekeza lalikulu la Austria ndi Hungary. Choncho kuyambira 28 July kuwerengetsa nkhondo inayambika.

Marne nkhondo

Mwina nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, pa chiyambi, mu September 1914. M'bwalomo kumenyana kuti zinachitika kumpoto kwa France, ndinatenga pafupi 180 Km ndi 5 nawo asilikali a Germany ndi 6 England ndi France. Chifukwa, adani anakwanitsa kulepheretsa zolinga za kugonjetsedwa mwamsanga France, motero wachibadidwe kusintha njira tsogolo la nkhondo.

nkhondo ya wotchedwa Galicia

mphamvu ili ntchito ya Russian Ufumu unali wotchuka ngati kumalo omenyera nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba kuti wokhawokha East Front pa chiyambi cha nkhondo usilikali. The standoff inatenga pafupifupi mwezi, kuchokera August kwa September 1914, ndipo anatenga gawo la za 2 miliyoni anthu. Austria-Hungary chifukwa wataya asilikali oposa 325 thousand (akaidi m'gulu), pamene Russia - 230 zikwi.

nkhondo ya Jutland

Iyi ndi nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, zochitika za ntchito zomwe wakhala Nyanja North (pafupi Jutland chilumba). The atasemphana kunabuka pakati pa navies la Germany ndi Britain pa 31 May 1 June 1916, muyezo wa mphamvu anali zombo 99 kuti 148 (pa ukulu wa mbali British). Losses mbali zonse anali noticeable kwambiri (motero, 11 zombo ndi anthu oposa 3 zikwi ku mbali German ndi zombo 14 pafupifupi 7,000 nkhondoyo ndi British). Koma chigonjetso khama nawo - ngakhale Germany analephera angafikire mulingo ndi kuswa anatseka misewu, komanso imfa ya adani anali zofunika kwambiri.

nkhondo ya Verdun

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa masamba ambiri wamagazi, kuphatikizapo nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, yomwe inatenga ambiri 1916 (February-December) mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa France. Chifukwa cha nkhondoyo inapha anthu pafupifupi wani miliyoni. Komanso, "Verdun nyama chopukusira" anali nyengo yachisanu ikupita kugonjetsedwa kwa anapanga Alliance ndi mtima wa Entente.

Brusilov zolawula

Nkhondo imeneyi ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba ndi nawo Russia mu South-Western Front anali chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu nkhondo, bungwe ndi lamulo Russian mwachindunji. Isanayambike asilikali akuyang'anira General Brusilov, unayambitsidwa mu June 1916, pa gawo Austria. nkhondo wamagazi yosiyana bwino anapitiriza mu chirimwe ndi kumayambiriro, koma mwa nkhondo Austria-Hungary alephera, koma zomvetsa yaikulu ya Russian Ufumu anakhala wa catalysts zimene zinachititsa kuti pa February utasintha.

ntchito Nivelle

Zovuta amanyansidwa cholinga kutembenukira mafunde a nkhondo pa Western Front, unapangidwa bungwe ichitikire ndi Britain ndi France, ndipo unakhala kuchokera April kwa May 1917, ndipo anasonyeza mphamvu zawo kwambiri kuposa mphamvu za Germany. Komabe, kuchita yojambula wanzeru analephera, koma chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa ndi chidwi - adani anataya anthu za 340 zikwi, pamene Germany kuteteza - 163 zikwi.

Nkhondo yaikulu thanki la World nkhondo yoyamba

Pa nthawi ya World Choyamba pamene ntchito kwambiri akasinja ndi siinafike, koma iwo ankayenera kuti kudziŵika. September 15, 1916, kwa nthawi yoyamba pa nkhondo kumanzere British Mk.I, ndi osachepera 49 makina, 18 okha anatha nawo (17 kunapezeka kuti wolakwika ngakhale pamaso nkhondo, ndi 14 irreversibly munakhala panjira kapena mu utumiki chifukwa cha kuwonongeka) , koma maonekedwe lawo zinabweretsa msokonezi mu chiwerengero cha mdani ndi Germany anaswa mzere kuti akuya 5 Km.

Nkhondo yoyamba zinachitika mwachindunji pakati pa makina kale chakumapeto kwa nkhondo, pamene Wheeler Chiburetoni mu April 1918 mwadzidzidzi anakumana atatu Mk.IV (England) ndi atatu A7V (Germany), chifukwa mu thanki ina mbali inayo anali kwambiri kuonongeka, koma zotsatira akukhudzidwira ndi zovuta kutanthauzira mokomera chipani chimodzi. Pa tsiku lomwelo, "unlucky" English Mk.A amene ankadwala kupulumuka yoyamba kukomana A7V. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero chinali 1: 7, koma ubwino akhala kumbali ya mfuti "German" zina amapereka ndi zida zankhondo.

Chidwi zipolowe zinachitika, ndi October 8, 1918, pamene British anakumana 4 Mk.IV ndi nambalayi wa chomwecho akasinja German (analanda), zomvetsa anawonongeka ndi mbali zonse. Komabe, nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba opanda thandizo la latsopano magalimoto oopsa oti muli nazo zida.

The World Choyamba kwachititsa kugwa kwa kamodzi anayi maufumu chachikulu - British, Ottoman, Austria ndi Hungary ndi Russian, ndipo ankavutika opambana mu nkhope ya Entente, ndipo anagonjetsa nkhope ya Germany, Austria-Hungary, ku Germany kwa nthawi yaitali yokhala akumanidwa mwayi kumanga boma zankhondo.

Anafa nkhondo inayambika asilikali oposa 12 miliyoni wamba ndi 10 miliyoni padziko lonse yafika nthawi yovuta kwambiri kupulumuka ndi kuchira. Komano, zinali m'zaka 1914-1919 panali noticeable chitukuko cha zida, kuwala makina mfuti anayamba ntchito, grenade launchers, anali kudziŵika m'misewu ya nkhondo ndi akasinja, ndi mu mlengalenga - ndege anayamba kupereka mpweya kuthandiza asilikali. Komabe, nkhondo yaikulu ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba panali harbingers Kumenyana kuti zinachitika patatha zaka makumi awiri.