Nkhondo ya Stalingrad - gawo ndithu dongosolo bwino?

Nkhondo ya Stalingrad anali mmodzi wa zochitika zofunika kwambiri za m'ma XX. Pa mapeto, Wehrmacht anataya 16% ya ndodo ndi kuchuluka yaikulu zida za nkhondo. Pambuyo nkhondo padziko lonse, zinadziwika kuti Hitler sangapambane nkhondo, ndipo kugwa kwake - si nkhani kwa nthawi.

Koma masiku ano, olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti chigonjetso wa Red Army zingachititse kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa Anazi mu 1943 ndipo ali ndi zifukwa zabwino ichi.

Nkhondo ya Stalingrad anakhala pafupi ndi kugwa Hitlerism anayamba. Izo zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri: kumbuyo ndi zokhumudwitsa. Kuyambira m'katikati mwa July 1942 mpaka November 18, asilikali a General weiss, wopangidwa, mkulu wa asilikali a dziko Gulu "B" n'kuwononga Stalingrad Front. Mdani anali ndi ubwino anthu oti ndi zida, ndipo pasanathe mwezi umodzi anatha adzawathamangitsa udindo wa zokometsera mzindawo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndicho July 31, Hitler analakwitsa njira, zomwe zingachititse kuti wathunthu kugonjetsedwa Wehrmacht asilikali. Anathamangitsa wachinayi Panzer Army ku Caucasus malo Volga mu chiyembekezo cha anayesetsa kuswa kukana.

German lamulo ankaganiza kuti kumenyana Stalingrad ali pafupi kutha bwinobwino. mzinda anali wokhoza kuti gawanikani, ndipo ngakhale kuulanda kwambiri. Pambuyo bomba chachikulu ndi matenda kulimbikira semicircle patsogolo m'mbali chake zithupsa kumusi ku mtsinje. Utumiki wa Propaganda Goebbels monyadira kuti 4. Army thanki oyeretsa anazitsanulira mwa magalimoto awo radiators Volga madzi, ndipo zinali zoona. ndi zokometsera akhala akulephera kumtunda okwanira ndi yobereka zipolopolo, mankhwala ndi zakudya madzi kunali kovuta.

Mu kutentha malipoti wopambana yekha akatswiri ena asilikali anafotokoza chakuti kumenyana Stalingrad anatenga udindo mu chirengedwe, ndi German 6 Army anali mosatsata kuthekera kuzemba, bogged pansi ndewu msewu pa bwinja la nyumba. asilikali ake anabalalitsidwa ambiri ndi mazana a mapeto. Imfa yaikulu ya moyo imene inanyamula Wehrmacht pa mazana kuukira, zatha angathe zolawula.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, Soviet General Wogwila anayamba dongosolo umene asilikali Paulo ayenera okutidwa ndi kuwonongedwa, kenako kuwomba lonse Rostov Caucasus gulu komanso kudula ndi oletsedwa, omwe akuphatikizapo kugwa lathunthu la makina German nkhondo. M'dera pamalo abwino zofunika anali omangika malo, magulu a zipani mu mamilioni a magulu, ndi mwayi anali mbali ya Soviet Union. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo wofuna ayenera kutsatira potsimikizira-kuukira kwa Don Front Rokossovsky ndi Southwestern Front Vatutin. Mbali yaikulu ya ndondomekoyi anali Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Deti la November 19 chinali chiyambi cha amanyansidwa kuti adzazungulire German 6 Army.

Chinathandiza bwino nyengo (chisanu, pamodzi ndi pang'ono chisanu), ndi Hitler chamawa zolakwa njira loletsa Paulo kuti abwerere, ofooka makhalidwe kumenyana wa asilikali Romania ndi Italy, anzawo a Germany kutetezera flanks. Pa Kalach siteshoni pa November 23, anayesa Southwestern ndi Don amadzibisa anatseka lazungulira. Gott Panzer Army, amene anayesa kuthyola anatseka misewu, "anavutika manyazi."

Nagonjetsa Soviet pa kukula sizinachitike chifukwa khama ndipo yaitali kukana wazunguliridwa ndi asilikali a ku Germany. asilikali Wehrmacht, ndipo panali oposa 300 zikwi, ndinamenya nawo malo zikuonetsa mpaka February 1943, kokha aziwapatsa mlengalenga. Pofuna kupewa zomvetsa yaikulu, Red Army anadzasokoneza mzinda, kwenikweni ndi shelling ndi mabomba. Zisanu makamu Soviet anagwirizira Germany azungulira mphete, osalola kuthawa kumeneko.

Kulimbikira wamakani wa asilikali a Paulo anathandiza lamulo German kupulumutsa pakati pa gulu Caucasus wa makamu, amene popanda kumenyana zina akanati likupita kugonjetsa oyambirira.

History salola ndi maganizo subjunctive. Izo zikanakhala ngati Paulo atadzipereka kale lero, inu mukhoza kumanga kopanda molimba mtima. Maumboni kuti nkhondo ya Stalingrad anakhala kunja, kenako anthu Soviet ndi anzawo ku chigonjetso salinso adakayika.