Ndi maonekedwe a mafakitale zokomera ku Soviet Union Kodi

funso n'lakuti, ndi mbali ya zokomera mafakitale ku Soviet Union Kodi ndi mwina kwambiri wolongolola ndi maganizo m'mbiri dziko a m'nthawi ya 20. Vuto la mitengo zikayenda akadali kusamalira ofufuza, ndi kuphunzira mmene zotsatira chikufanana mapulani a boma, ndi nthawi yathu imakhalabe zogwirizana.

Makhalidwe a m'badwo

The kusanthula zomwe ndi mbali ya zokomera mafakitale m'dziko lathu n'zogwirizana ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu umoyo ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe pa nthawi zogwirizana. Mu 1920s, iye anayamba NEP, imene imakhudza oyamba a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma, free malonda, kanthu payekha ndi entrepreneurship. Icho chinali muyeso boma kuthetsa zotsatira za nkhondo ndi nthawi ya nkhondo chikominisi.

prerequisites

Komabe tikaonetsetsa funso la chimene makhalidwe a mafakitale zokomera, ayenera anamvetsa kuti Bolsheviks Poyamba ankaona chinthu chatsopano monga muyeso kanthawi. Kodi mfundo yakuti kale mu 1925, umene uli pakati pa kuchira zachuma tsiku ndi msika, chigamulo anatengedwa pa Congress Party kukhazikitsa dziko wolimba mafakitale maziko. Boma cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa backlog ya boma ku anayamba capitalist Western ku Ulaya ndi United States.

mapulani

Pa nthawi chuma panali zokambirana yogwira za mayendedwe ndi zochita za chitukuko cha mafakitale lolemera. ntchito awiri achita patsogolo, omwe zimatithandiza kumvetsa zimene makhalidwe a mafakitale zokomera khumi yotsatira. Gululi njira yoyamba zochokera lingaliro kuti Tisinthe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, pa maziko a zinthu ziliri mu gawo zachuma, kutenga nkhani ya kumapeto ndi zinachitikira yowona (Bukharin, Kondratiev).

Komabe, anthu ena ankanena kuti kunali koyenera kuyamba kaonedwe awo, kutenga nkhani si mmene zinthu zilili ndi m'tsogolo kusintha kandalama chuma (Strumilin Trotsky). Njira yamasika kenako kutsimikiziridwa kuti zaphindu, omwenso chifukwa mkati chipani kulimbana, pamene mbali ya polojekiti loyamba analephera. ndi maonekedwe a mafakitale zokomera Kodi, anafotokoza mwachidule m'munsimu. Zopangapanga akhoza yodziwika monga lamulo wamakono yokakamiza, amene yogwirizana osati ndi vutolo chuma, ndi ndale.

Zisanu Chaka Plan

Mu 1929 iye Analeredwa ndi wovomerezeka chapatsogolo vuto la zachuma. Zimasonyeza chakuti iye anali kuyembekezera yomanga mafakitale si inapita patsogolo ndi oyenera kuti kusokoneza dongosolo anakhazikitsa. Komabe, mu kuchita, polojekitiyi kunapezeka kuti mochuluka kwambiri ndi kwambiri kuti kuloledwa ndi boma amachita zingapo zoyezera mwadzidzidzi. Kale pa maziko a zaka zisanu woyamba Tingaone kuti ndi maonekedwe a mafakitale zokomera wa USSR Kodi: kuyenda mofulumira a yokakamiza chitukuko cha deadlines, ndi kulanda ndalama kwa dziko ndi anthu makampani kwambiri. Komanso, chipani agwiritsa ntchito muyeso chotero, ngati ngongole amakakamizidwa ya anthu, mwachitsanzo kamodzi kapena kawiri pa chaka munthu ayenera kupereka boma malipiro awo pamwezi. Komanso boma wabutsa mitengo ya katundu chopangidwa ndi ulimi adatchithisira.

mkhalidwe wa anthu

funso, ndi mbali za mafakitale zokomera Kodi yankho limene tiyenera anafuna mu lamulo anakonza Gulu la chuma, n'kofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa zinthu m'dziko lathu madzulo a inayamba nkhondo ndi Germany. Standard amoyo sanali kwambiri, koma dziko la amagwidwa ndi changu kukonda dziko lako ndi changu, amene zatenganso mbali pomanga. mwaunyinji analandira "Stakhanov kayendedwe". antchito ambiri patsogolo zopanikiza, ndipo boma amapereka mbali pa anthu wofuna wamakono mofulumira.

zofunika chitukuko

Vuto la chimene ali mbali ya zokomera mafakitale (tebulo m'nkhani, zikusonyeza mbali chosiyana), chifukwa chakuti boma wakhazikitsa ntchito m'malo zovuta basi khumi kuti andipeze ndi chitukuko cha mayiko patsogolo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kutsindika anaikidwa pa chitukuko cha mafakitale monga nyumba makina, zitsulo, zomangamanga. Panalinso wina uliwonse pa chilengedwe cha boma ndi gulu munda chuma, zomwe pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti Kupha payekha gawo mu chuma cha dziko. Komabe, waukulu cholinga cha mafakitale anali mwaife: m'kanthawi kocepa, Soviet Union anabwera lachiwiri pa mafakitale ndi adziimire paokha chuma.