Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - anayambitsa parachuti kuti: yonena, mbiri anatulukira

Mmodzi wa akuluakulu zoyambitsidwa ndege - parachuti - anabwera chifukwa cha mtima ndi khama la munthu mmodzi yekha - mlengi anaphunzitsa Gleb Kotelnikov. Iye sanangokhala nako kuthetsa kwambiri za zovuta kwambiri kwa nthawi, mavuto luso, komanso nthawi yaitali kukwaniritsa chiyambi cha kuŵeta wa kupulumutsidwa phukusi.

zaka zoyambirira

The zatsopano tsogolo la parachuti Gleb Kotelnikov anabadwa 18 (30) January 1872 ku St. Petersburg. bambo ake anali katswiri wa Masamu pa University Moscow. Banja lonse amakonda luso: music, kupenta ndi zisudzo. nyumba zambiri ankachitika zisudzo ankachita masewera. N'zosadabwitsa kuti iye anali anagwirizira parachuti zatsopano monga mwana analota za kutsogolo.

The mnyamata ankaimba bwino pa limba ndi zipangizo zina zoimbira (balalaika, mandolin, zeze). Pa nthawi yomweyo, zokonda onsewa sanali kusokoneza Gleb chidwi njira ya. Chibadwire analandira manja golide, nthawi zonse chinachake kupanga kusonkhanitsa (mwachitsanzo, mu zaka 13 anatha kusonkhanitsa kamera ntchito).

ntchito

Tsogolo, lomwe panopa anasankha anayambitsa parachuti ndi kudzayesedwa pambuyo tsoka la pabanja. Atate anafa asanakalambe Gleb ndi mwana wake anafunika kusiya loto la inali ndi. Iye anapita ku Kiev zida zankhondo School. Mnyamata maphunziro ulemu mu 1894 ndipo anakhala mkulu. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu za usilikali. Pambuyo ntchito, Kotelnikov anakhala nduna dipatimenti akuzigawo excise. Mu 1899, anakwatira ubwana bwenzi lake Yulii Volkovoy.

Mu 1910, banja ndi ana atatu anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Mu likulu, anayambitsa tsogolo la parachuti anakhala ndi wosewera ku Nyumba ya anthu, anatenga gawo pseudonym Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg anamupatsa mwayi ndi kukhazikitsa lingathe katswiri. M'mbuyomo zaka nugget anapitiriza kumanga pa mlingo ankachita masewera.

chizolowezi ndege

Mu zaka za m'ma XX chitukuko cha ndege. M'mizinda yambiri Russian, kuphatikizapo St. Petersburg, akhala akufufuza flights chionetsero, amene momveka bwino ndi chidwi anthu. Choncho anadziwa ndege ndi amene anayambitsa tsogolo la parachuti chikwama Gleb Kotelnikov. Kukhala moyo chidwi ndi njira, iye sakanakhoza azinyadira chidwi ndegeyo.

Mwangozi, Kotelnikov anakhala mboni unwitting imfa ya woyendetsa yoyamba m'mbiri ya Russian ndege. Pa chionetsero ndege woyendetsa Matsievich anagwa pa mpando ndipo anafa, anagwa pansi. Kumutsatira pansi wosazindikira ndipo wosakhazikika ndege.

Kufunika parachuti ndi

Tsoka yokhudza Matsievich anali tawerenga zotsatira osatetezeka mu ndege choyamba cha injini ndege. Ngati munthu analowa mpweya, anaika pangozi moyo wake. Vutoli zayamba ngakhale pamaso ndegeyo. Mu XIX atumwi ndi ofanana balloons osathetsedwa zowawa. Mu nkhani ya anthu moto amakopeka. Iwo sakanakhoza kusiya galimoto m'mavuto.

vuto Izi zikhoza kuthetsedwa yekha Kutulukira parachuti lapansi. The zatsopano woyamba kunachitika kupanga ake mu West. Komabe, vuto mawu a makhalidwe luso wakhala nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Pa zaka, ndege zamphamvu. Kulephera kupereka yopulumutsa moyo chitsimikizo oyendetsa kwambiri akulephera chitukuko cha mafakitale lonse aeronautics. Iwo anapita daredevils yekha wosimidwa.

Ntchito chidali chifuniro cha

Pambuyo Nthaŵi movutika mu ndege chionetsero cha Gleb Kotelnikov (amene anatulukira parachuti) anatembenukira kunyumba kwake mu msonkhano wathunthu. Mlengi anali atanganidwa ndi lingaliro kulenga kupulumutsidwa galimoto amene angandithandize oyendetsa kuti usafe ngozi ndege. Modabwitsa kwambiri kuti wosewera zofufuzafufuza anayamba yekha vuto luso limene kwa zaka zambiri zotere kwachabe kumenyana akatswiri ambiri padziko lonse.

zatsopano onse amene anayambitsa parachuti ndi Kotelnikov imachitika pa ndalama zake. Ndalama zinali zolimba, Nthawi zambiri skimp pa mwatsatanetsatane. Makope kupulumuka luso waponya kuchokera kites ndi St. Petersburg denga. Boilermakers ali okwana mabuku pa mbiriyakale ya ndege. chondichitikira chinachitika mmodzi. Pang'onopang'ono, inventor anabwera kasinthidwe labwino la ndalama tsogolo kupulumutsidwa. Izi amayenera kukhala cholimba ndi opepuka parachuti. Ang'ono ndi Baketeriya, iye akanakhoza nthawi zonse kukhala ndi munthu ndi kuthandiza mu nthawi yoopsa kwambiri.

luso nkhani

Kugwiritsa kapangidwe ungwiro parachuti anali zinadzala ndi zolakwa akuluakulu. Loyamba ndilochokera tumphatumpha chenicheni chamtsogolo, amene anali kuyembekezera woyendetsa pa mzikiti Kuwulura. Choncho Gleb Kotelnikov (amene anatulukira parachuti) anathera nthawi yake yochuluka kamangidwe ka dongosolo kuyimitsidwa. koma analinso ndi maulendo angapo kuti redo kuphatikana. Ngati ntchito molakwika kapangidwe kupulumuka luso munthu akhoza mosintha atembenuza mu mlengalenga.

Wake woyamba chitsanzo ndege chikwama parachuti zatsopano kufufuzidwa pa zidole, mannequins. Anagwiritsa ntchito silika nsalu. Kuti nkhani imeneyi akhoza pa liwiro otetezeka kuchepetsa munthu pansi, tinkayenda pafupifupi 50 mamita lalikulu la nsalu. Choyamba Kotelnikov apangidwe parachuti mu mipango, koma mwina sizikugwirizana silika kwambiri. The woyamba akhala ndi njira choyambirira cha vutoli.

Ganizo chikwama ndi

Mwina dzina la anayambitsa parachuti idzakhala yosiyana ngati Gleb Kotelnikov sanaganize kuti vuto la lopinda ndi parachuti ndi chikwama wapadera. Kuti ikugwirizana chinsinsi chake anabwera ndi zojambula choyambirira ndi zosamvetsetseka kudula ntchito. Pomaliza, anayambitsa anayamba kulenga zinachitika choyamba. Pankhaniyi mkazi anamuthandiza.

Posachedwapa, iye anali wokonzeka kuti RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Mkati chikwama anali wapadera zitsulo alumali ndi akasupe awiri koyilo. Boilermakers anapanga dongosolo chotero kuti akhoza anatsegula posachedwapa. Pakuti woyendetsa izi zofunika yekha kukoka chingwe wapadera. akasupe mkati chikwama lotseguka mzikiti ndi kugwa anakhala see.

kumaliza chikunena

The parachuti imakhala nsalu zokha ayi 24. Kudzera mzikiti lonse anapita gulaye, amene olumikizidwa kwa zomangira ikulendewera. Iwo amangiriridwe ngowe pansi, ankavala munthu. Zinali dazeni la m'chiuno, mapewa ndi chifuwa wachikopa. Kulinso anapereka zingwe zopota kwa mapazi. parachuti chipangizo limalola woyendetsa kuilamulira pa mbadwa pansi.

Pamene zinadziwika kuti kutulukira adzakhala yojambula mu ndege, Kotelnikov nkhawa kukopera. Iye analibe setifiketi, choncho mlendo aliyense amene anaona parachuti mu kuchitapo ndi kumvetsetsa mfundo za kugwira ntchito yake, akhoza kuba lingaliro. izi zinachititsa Gleb Paton amasamukira kuyezetsa awo m'malo akhungu Novgorod kuti analangiza mwana wa inventor ndi. Kuti pali chidzayesedwa buku yomaliza ya latsopano kupulumutsidwa galimoto.

Kulimbana setifiketi

The nkhani zodabwitsa kuyambitsa wa parachuti anapitiriza August 10, 1911, pamene Kotelnikov analemba kalata mwatsatanetsatane ku Unduna wa nkhondo. Iye anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane makhalidwe luso zinthu zatsopano, ndipo anafotokoza kufunika kukhazikitsa la asilikali ndi ndege boma. Ndithudi, tikhoza chiwerengero cha ndege kuchuluka, ndipo anaopseza kufa latsopano la ndege wolimba.

Komabe, woyamba Nyquist kalata anasowa. Iwo wakhala bwino tsopano kuti inventor adzakhala ndi kuthana ndi wofiira tepi zoopsa. Iye anayamba ndi pester Nkhondo Office ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. M'kupita Gleb E. inayambika ku Komiti anatulukira lapansi. Komabe, ntchito za dipatimentiyi izi anakana mfundo mlengi. Iwo anakana kulola setifiketi, kuganizira kuyambitsa achabechabe.

Kuzindikila

Pambuyo kulephera kunyumba Kotelnikov wapanga kulembetsa boma anatulukira wake mu France. Mwambo yaitali zinachitika March 20, 1912. Ndiye anatha kukonza mayeso ambiri, omwe anali nawo oyendetsa ndi anthu ena nawo wamng'ono Russian ndege. Adutsa June 6, 1912 m'mudzi wa Salyuzi pafupi St. Petersburg. Atamwalira Gleb Paton tawuni ino anadzatchedwa Kotelnikovo.

June m'mawa kutsogolo kwa anadabwa woyendetsa anthu zibaluni kudula mapeto a kuzungulira, ndi mannequin ophunzitsidwa mwapadera zinayamba kugwa pansi. omvera ankangoyang'ana zimene zikuchitika mu mlengalenga mothandizidwa ndi zoyang'anira. Pambuyo masekondi angapo limagwirira ankagwira, na kuzulu anagwa lotseguka mzikiti. Pa tsiku kuti panalibe mphepo, amene chifukwa mannequin tidakocheza bwino pa mapazi ake, ndipo anaima pamenepo masekondi angapo, anagwa. Pambuyo mayeso anthu dziko lonse ophunzira anayambitsa ndege chikwama parachuti.

Kuŵeta parachutes

Choyamba mndandanda kupanga RC-1 chinayamba France mu 1913. Kufunika kwa parachutes chinawonjezeka ndi lamulo pambuyo posachedwapa First World nkhondo. The zida Russian kupulumutsidwa anafunikira ndege oyendetsa "Ilya Muromets". Ndiye kwa zaka zambiri RK-1 anakhalabe singasiyanitsidwe mu Soviet Air Force.

Pamene boma Bolshevik Kotel'nikov anapitiriza kuchita zosintha kuti chidali chifuniro chake chapachiyambi. Iye wakhala akuweta Zhukovsky, kugawana kuuluka bwino potsatira njira zawo zasayansi. ZIMAKHALA kudumpha ndi zitsanzo parachutes mayeso akhala misa choonetsedwa - iwo chifukwa cha nambala yaikulu masewera. Mu 1923, panali chitsanzo RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov atulukira iwo ndi chikwama theka-zofewa. Pambuyo ndi kuwasintha pang'ono. Parachutes anakhala yabwino ndi yothandiza.

Imodzi ndi ntchito yake katswiri Kotelnikov anathera nthawi yambiri kuthandiza kalabu chakuwuluka. Iye lectured, anali olandiridwa alendo m'deralo masewera. Pa zaka 55 chifukwa zatsopano anaima zatsopano. cholowa ake onse anapatsa boma la Soviet. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira zambiri Nyquist anali kupereka dongosolo la Red Star.

Popeza adapuma, Kotel'nikov anapitiriza kukhala likulu kumpoto. Iye analemba mabuku ndi mabuku. Pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, wokalamba ndi pang'ono kuona Gleb E. Komabe, anatenga mbali mu gulu la mpweya wa chitetezo wa Leningrad. Anatseka misewu chisanu ndi njala anakanthanso yaikulu thanzi lake. Nyquist anasamutsidwa kuti Moscow, kumene anakafa pa November 22, 1944. Wotchuka zatsopano anaikidwa pa Novodevichy manda.