Yoponya mabomba Northrop B-2. Yoponya mabomba B-2: mbali ndi chithunzi

Chinsinsi B-2 (yoponya mabomba) zimapangitsa nambala yaikulu maweruzo, lanthano nthano mawu. Kodi nkutheka ndegeyo, ngati tikukamba za mfundo zoona? American ndege ntchito ndi mbadwo wachitatu wa invisibility kwa zaka zoposa 15 ndipo ngakhale chophimba mwachinsinsi mu deta lonse mudziwe munda limapezeka pa zipangizo zamakono ndi makhalidwe a spacecraft mapiko.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

Yoponya mabomba B-2, lomwe ndi mankhwala US makampani asilikali, cholinga monga ndege maola mwayi wa asilikali mdani kudziwika antiaircraft. Kwathunthu wosaoneka, izo sichikwiya, monga wapadera dongosolo kutsatira kudziwa Rada ake zowonetsera, koma chitetezo wamba ndi wosaoneka, kutanthauza kupulumuka mu zikhalidwe za mabomba a.

Maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi a ndege, omwe akufanana ndege kuchokera Wazopeka Zasayansi kanema. B-2 yoponya mabomba Mzimu limapezeka mu mlengalenga monga wothawa khumudwitsidwa wakuda triangular mbiri view mu izi aipatsa kozungulira zouluka, flattened popanda mchira ndipo fuselage.

Kuti ntchito ya chozemba amagwiritsa patsogolo chozemba luso:

• pamwamba akunja m'ndege ali ndi chuma ndi digiri yapamwamba ya mayamwidwe mphepo;
• Ntchito structural chithunzi aerodynamics "zouluka phiko";
• Kutetezedwa ntchito kwakusiyana injini ndege, phindu ESR ndi mu osiyanasiyana mamita lalikulu kwa 0,0015 kuti 0,1. m.

Mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe ndege

Yopangidwa B-2 yoponya mabomba "Mzimu" mu mawonekedwe a mapiko, ndi chiwembu ikukhudza anasiya zigawo ofukula za nthenga. Ngati kalozera mbale anadziphatika chiwongolero anaika pa mapeto gawo la mapiko. Ambiri mwa alumikizana ndi mbali zofunika anapangidwa ndi titaniyamu ndi zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo. zipangizo zina ndi polyamides, ndi nsanganizo mpweya ndi mkulu kutentha kukana koyefishienti.

Yoponya mabomba B-2 Mzimu ali chinthu zimakhala mu mawonekedwe a titaniyamu caisson, oyenerera mu theka kutsogolo kwa nyumba ndipo anakafika mu zigawo wapakatikati. Mapiko a ndege anapangidwa ndi mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. Monolithic gulu titaniyamu caisson zopangidwa 23 mamilimita wandiweyani. Pawiri mbali pamodzi ndi kuwotcherera kapena mayamwidwe kutulutsa bwino akamaumba pulasitiki.

mawonekedwe

Maziko a mapangidwe maonekedwe ndi dongosolo la pamakhala anayi, ndi mawonekedwe a ndege kulengedwa mizere 12. Izi limafotokoza chinyezimiro mu ndege yopingasa ndi ochepa zigawo chapakati. Kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo chimango kufanana kwa aliyense housings zina, okwanira injini chipinda kutsegula lamba wa pamimba anakonza kulenga galimotoyo Boma 4 anasonyeza chachikulu. Ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo hemispheres akamagwira Boma 2.

Mu mazunzo ndi mbali view wa luso mapiko alibe ndege ndi mizere yowongoka. M'tsinde mwa dongosolo phiko aikidwa, wailesi yoweyula absorbent. Kutsogolo m'mphepete gawo la ndegeyo amachitidwa pa makona pachimake kuti 33º, ndi kumbuyo analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a zilembo za English W. Pakati pa phiko semispan kumatanthauza kufika wovulala chapamwamba, B-2 yoponya mabomba Northrop ali supercritical phiko mbiri.

ndegeyo ali okonzeka ndi injini 4, yomwe ili mbali ya bomba Bay. Kuonetsetsa imperceptible boma anamanga lathyathyathya padziko lakunja la ndege alibe slits mu injini nozzle thambo ndi Motors ndi manja zili mkati makina.

ankalakwitsa kamangidwe

chakuti ngalawayo mapiko si mchira, sizinamulepheretse ku ikuthamangira kuti akamagwiritsa mu mlengalenga, zoponya mabomba chozemba, B-2 sitolo zoipa kumwamba wakuti anasankha chifukwa pakalibe chipsyepsye choimirira. kusuntha Only ndege mpukutu umene amachepetsa mphamvu pa phiko m'munsi ndi pamwamba amatenga kuwonjezeka zochotsa mphamvu, imbaenda zosiyana chipangizo motsogozedwa ankafuna. Mu ndege, pali lingaliro "mapiko potsegula", yemwe ali mmodzi wa magawo wofunika kwambiri chotengeracho. Pasanathe kilo ndi amakhudza lalikulu centimeter wina wa mapiko, ndi zosavuta kupanga ndege akutembenukira mu mlengalenga. Choncho kuchuluka maneuverability yoponya mabomba.

Yoponya mabomba sungathe popanda kuika dongosolo magetsi mphamvu ya kutali ndi zipangizo basi, kuonera ndege ndondomeko ndi opereka ya nyemba lamulo pa mbali makina a mapiko.

chipangizo kanyumba

The ndege piloted ndi anthu awiri adalira, B-2 (yoponya mabomba), chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu, ndi okonzekera kanyumba izi pressurized ili kutsogolo gawo la ndegeyo.

Lowani oyendetsa kuntchito kudzera m'chipinda mu galimotoyo kutsogolo pa makwerero lopinda. Pakuti aliyense woyendetsa kuntchito waika zonse zipangizo kulamulira. Pa malo omwewo, malinga adakwera zida injini chiyambi batani ndi machitidwe la ndegeyo. mabatani awa zakonzedwa ngati alamu.

Chitetezo cha mbali mandala la kanyumba imakhala mapanelo anayi a dongosolo la sangweji, kulola kuti agwire review wa yopingasa pa makona a 200º. Mu chochitika ndege pafupi bomba la nyukiliya pa galasi TACHIMATA ndi zikuchokera zigawo zikuluzikulu za golide, kukhala opaque ndipo alibe kachilombo cheza. oyendetsa ndege amachitika magalasi protivolazernyh.

dongosolo ulamuliro pa ndege

B-2 yoponya mabomba ndi zida ndi zina electrically ankalamulira patali, omwe ndi dongosolo digito ndi zinthu mofulumira Poyankha kvadradupleksnuyu. ulamuliro Makinawa lili ake dongosolo anayi wagawo processing ndipo ali mu mkhalidwe ntchito ngati kulephera kwa awiri a iwo. Ndege dongosolo chizindikiro 20 zizindikiro zochotsa kachipangizo kuthamanga kuwerenga, zomwe zimachititsa kuti unobtrusive.

American yoponya mabomba B-2 avionics zovuta ali NSS kalasi navigation subsystem. Mphezi ayankhe mwamphamvu zikusintha mu ndege ndi awiri zigawo inakula pakompyuta: IMU (inertial) ndi AIU (astroinertial). Aliyense wa oyendetsa za Woyang'ana zizindikiro 4 kanthu multifunctional.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pa Chidani pakati pa USSR ndi US mu 1979 Ronald Reagan pa chisankho kampeni lonjezo lake lobwezeretsa zida za Army US. Patatha chaka chimodzi boma la US akufuna kukhazikitsa angapo aircrafts zingamuthandize pa yobereka mofulumira ordnance mu zinkakhala m'dera ndi malo oyamba mu mndandanda ndi chozemba yoponya mabomba B-2. Wanzeru Achimereka kusakatula getsi iliyonse dola pamaso ndikuika Mulimonsemo. Wosangalatsa ndege kuchuluka mphamvu ndipo maola aone polojekiti ankaoneka wolungama ziyembekezo ndi lolamulidwa ndi wapadera wa boma US.

Company Northrop Grumman anayamba unobtrusive njira yoponya mabomba, limene lakonzedwa kuti anagumula dongosolo wandiweyani wa wotsutsa-kutsatira ndi yobereka zida za nyukiliya ndi zina. Iwo anayamba pa maziko a dongosolo mafakitale ATV.

ntchito analandira malamulo dzina B-2 ndi Mzimu chizindikiro. Anatuluka mu 1987 kunali Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta chifukwa cha kusowa zochita kapangidwe postpones chiyambi cha mayeso mpaka 1989 ndi kuonjezera ndalama kwa polojekiti ndi madola biliyoni ina. Zachuma cha 1989 kudziwa phindu la ndalama kulenga ndege yatsopano ya madola biliyoni 23,1.

The buku loyamba afika kuyamba moyo pa fakitale asilikali California, kumene unachitikira ndege wake woyamba ndi chiwonetsero cha zigawo onse okhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo wa zomangamanga 21 zokha yoponya mabomba B-2 Mzimu Stealts. magalimoto onse nkhondowo ndi mayina ofanana ndi mayina a States of America. The Mwachitsanzo lotsiriza la chombo mapiko amatchedwa "Mzimu wa America" aikidwa ndi asilikali mu July 2000.

wamakono wa ndege

Mu 2008, Congress of America ndi ndalama pulogalamu Sinthani wa B-2 (yoponya mabomba). Control dongosolo chotupa mipherezero ikuyenda pansi ndi maukonde Rada zimasintha positive. 2009 kumawonjezera katundu mphamvu ya ndege, amene ali matani 27 olekanitsidwa ndi theka mu zipinda lamanja ndi lamanzere. Mu 2010, chuma bwino ndege gulu kuti kukhala kosatheka kuti ngakhale akulimbana posachedwapa mbali.

The gulu ili pakati pa Motors kuphwanya padziko amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti pang'onopang'ono anasonkhanitsa zitsulo kutopa, chifukwa mu ming'alu. Iye atseka mafupa zikuchitika otentha zotakasika ndege ndipo pansi kutentha, si udindo wotsiriza ndi kugwedera pa ntchito ya zomera mphamvu. Popanga kampani kupirira ntchito kusintha kwa kapangidwe mchira ndi ntchito steels chipangizo kwambiri.

Mu April 2010, yoponya mabomba kamakhala bwino mapulogalamu, navigation latsopano ndi dongosolo kulankhulana pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo mu September 2012 mu ulamuliro wa ndege kusinthidwa ndi unsembe wa Rada akweza AN / APQ 181 ndi kupezeka AESA Rada. zovala zatsopano lowonjezera ndi machitidwe kwambiri kufika kulankhulana ndi m'malo a zida kugwira ndege.

Luso makhalidwe a galimoto nkhondowo

Zinakhazikitsa yoponya mabomba ali makhalidwe kwambiri luso. B-2 (yoponya mabomba) okonzeka ndi zamagetsi ndege. Infuraredi FLIR dongosolo amapanga ndi review ambiri, wailesi yoweyula HANIUAL altimeter lakonzedwa kuti mbendera ake si wapezeka pa kufufuza ndi mdaniyo.

Ndi kayendedwe mu ndondomeko kuperekedwa kwa inertial dongosolo navigation zochita anaika ndi njira kwa kuwombola deta ndi makina nzeru. Enieni JDAM motsogozedwa munitions dongosolo ejection amaperekedwa mu uthunthu anakonzeratu za chandamale ntchito chipangizo akuloza. ndegeyo ali dongosolo kugwirizana masensa kuti zimafalitsa deta dongosolo kulamulira kusintha zinthu kunja chotengeracho.

ndegeyo yatenganso AESA Rada, koma zimenezi si chipangizo lililonse kwa ndege chozemba, m'pofunika kuti apereke chizindikiro ndi mdani mpweya chitetezo zasekut ndege. Mwachitsanzo, zouluka ngalawa yokalamba F 117 cabe chabe njira zosonkhanitsira deta. Luso makhalidwe a ndegeyo:

• momasuka cockpit ndi awiri woyendetsa;
• kutalika ndege kreysernogo chotengera ndi 20,9 mamita;
• zida ali ndi wingspan a 52,1 mamita;
• Ndege kutalika - 5.1 mamita;
• phiko padziko dera - 460 mamita ^2;
• cruiser unfilled akusowekapo akulemera 71,7 mamita;
• zachilendo ndipo pazipita zofunika kulemera kwa 152,6 ndi 171 m, motero;
• mafuta refueling zida pa nthawi yonse ya ndege zimalemera matani 73;
• payload mpaka wamakono ndipo pambuyo - 22,7 ndi tonnes 27 motero;
• Ndege kulambalala turbojet injini, akulemera 1.452 mamita;
• pazipita zotheka liwiro kuthawa - 860 Km / h;
• pafupifupi liwiro cruiser - 776 Km / h, m'dera nkhondowo analanda utali wozungulira 5310 Km;
• Flight mtunda ndi 11110 Km, nthawi popita - 6.5 H, B-2 (yoponya mabomba) limatuluka kuti munthu pazipita 15,000 m.

ntchito zida

Pakuti kuwononga chandamale ntchito zida za nyukiliya 340 / tani, 1.1 m / tani. Adakwera kunyamula ochiritsira mabomba 16 × 84, 36 × 80 m'bulu bomba zida 82. Ntchito yolinganizika mkulu, zida ntchito mivi wovuta.

Pali nthano wamba kuti B-2 zoponya mabomba ntchito mivi sitima sindingakhoze. Izi siziri zoona, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi chonyamulira chofunika suspend ndi munition chipinda mabomba ndi kusuntha kwa anakonzeratu Yambitsaninso mfundo zimene zida n'zosavuta kupirira.

kuipa wosaoneka

Yotakata strata wa asilikali US ndi Congressmen Kungoti kunyengedwa kuyembekezera zabwino. Osati anthu onse ndi chidziwitso m'munda wa wailesi, ndipo makamaka mu ginito wamagetsi mapindidwe akuwala chodabwitsa. Pamaso pawo anali lecturers ndi lingaliro la zoponya mabomba wosaonekayo, asayansi mopikisana analonjeza chilengedwe cha ndege otere kale kachilombo ndipo ndinaganiza anthu ambiri.

Koma lingaliro la Mwachangu penapake zokayikitsa analandira madyaidya ndikuledzera m'dera la ndegeyo amakhalabe osiyanasiyana 0,0015 kwa 0.1 mamita ^2. Mbali imeneyi ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kuwerenga Mwachitsanzo, womenya amene ESR ndi 3-4 mamita ^2. Koyamba, m'dera madyaidya ndikuledzera ali osiyanasiyana yabwino.

Koma yafupika ESR yoponya mabomba chimakhala chizindikiro kuweruza invisibility ake. Yafupika kupezeka ndi ntchito pokhapokha kwa danga zitsanzo lotha mpweya chitetezo. Modern Rada zosintha kuzindikira ndege ndi malo kubalalika pa mtunda wa makilomita khumi ndi ziwiri.

akalumikidzidwa mosabisa, kupanda mizere ofukula ndi mchira kukhala kosatheka kukhala pa chochitika, ndipo pamafunika kuika amazilamulira okwera mtengo zamagetsi.

mavuto othandiza ndi kuwala infuraredi, ngakhale khama anzake a akatswiri ndi asayansi. Iwo akuyesa kupeza makina ndege kuchokera pamwamba, kusintha linanena bungwe nozzle mipata inapita kuzirala wa mafuta kutenthedwa. Iwo Akamatere, koma wangwiro kubisala zotakasika otentha utsi sachiza.

Yekha zosiyanasiyana zisudzo chi kuti kudzera mwa mwana ndege matenthedwe imager ndi noticeable kwambiri ndi kuunikiridwa ndi kumaoneka. chipangizo angaone mdani, ndiye B-2 (yoponya mabomba) zoyembekezeka chiwonongeko.

Lofanana ndi khamu lalikulu la ndege

Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi asilikali kuchita kuwonongeka kwa akuya malo mdani yoponya mabomba F 16 mu kuchuluka kwa makina 32 ndi zida mwatsatanetsatane kumafuna kuchuluka kwa nyemba akuthandiza luso. The kuperekezedwa zigwirizana 16s, 4-wotsogolera phokoso ndege, 8 aircrafts kwa kupondereza Rada ndi refueling paketi lonse (zidutswa 15) yomwe zatchulidwazi ngolo mafuta.

Mwamtheradi zofanana anawomberedwa mphamvu amachititsa gulu yakumwamba ya F 117 ndege 8 limodzi ndi mathanki awiri m'munsi. Koma yoponya mabomba American B-2 kutuluka kusanthula izi poyerekeza udindo ŵa - maudindo ofanana amafuna kukhalapo mu mlengalenga ziwiri zokha machitidwe chozemba ndi sikutanthauza ntchito mathanki mafuta, monga osiyanasiyana pazipita sikutanthauza refueling mu mlengalenga. Monga mukuonera, ndalama kumeneko.

Ngozi chozemba yoponya mabomba

ngoziyi inkachitika pachilumba cha Guam. Aerodrome kusiya ndege zinayi anthu kuti miyezi 4 zochokera pa chilumba. Yoponya mabomba wotchedwa "Mzimu wa Kansas" avula chachiwiri. Zikumveka khalidwe la thonje, pali wandiweyani utsi utsi patali nsanja Mtsogoleri. Chifukwa cha moto ndi utumiki ukhondo, koma inu sangathe kudzipulumutsa ndege, izo inawonongedwa.

Kuchotsedwa gulu la ndege yoyamba analamulidwa kubwerera yomweyo malo analamula, onse ndege ya zoponya mabomba a mtundu umenewu inaimitsidwa podikira mafotokozedwe a chimayambitsa wa ngozi. oyendetsa The anakwanitsa eject sizinalengedwe lowonongeka, wina m'chipatala pa tsiku lachiwiri, ndipo nthawi zina woyesedwa m'chipatala.

Amaganiza kuti ngozi chifukwa chakuti kulephera kwa limagwirira kapena zochita za chinthu anthu. Zotsatirazi ndi kufufuza ndi mfundo zapadera ntchito zinapangidwa kuti chozemba yoponya mabomba B-2 kuphulika zinachitika chifukwa cha injini kulephera.

Ntchito nkhondowo yoponya mabomba

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti akunde NATO yoponya mabomba ntchito pa nkhondo ku Yugoslavia komwe pafupifupi 600 mwatsatanetsatane-motsogozedwa munitions anali mwazisiya. Characteristically, akupha ndege wosapangidwa kumuika, iwo wotumidwa kuchokera m'munsi mwa Missouri, kuponya mabomba ku Kosovo ndi molowera kumbuyo.

The Iraq nkhondo imapereka maziko watsopano nkhondoyo. Chozemba yoponya mabomba B-2 amachotsa ku chilumba Diego Garsiya ndi wina m'munsi chinsinsi osandiuza maina. Total ndege kuchita za 22 mamishoni. Whiteman Air Base ali anamasulidwa 27 modzaza zipolopolo ndege, amene pamodzi ndi mabomba woyamba amagwa Iraq matani oposa 300 mabomba. The kukhala pafupifupi mu mlengalenga anali maola 30, pamene kudziwa kuti pazipita mbiri kutalika kwa mmodzi wa membala adalira amene ali kumwamba pa maola 50.

A zambiri mu ntchito kumenyana anawonjezera gawo mu bomba la Libya mu 2011, imene munitions kubwera mipherezero pansi 45. Nkhani kakang'ono mndandanda 21 wagawo zoponya mabomba amalembedwa wabwino kwambiri nkhondowo zinachitikira.

Polongosola mwachidule

Nkhondowo B-2 yoponya mabomba Mzimu chozemba mbiri ya chilengedwe ake amasonyeza bwanji kuti apange ndege. Ngakhale kukomeza zambiri, untwisted padziko lingaliro la kukonza ndege wosaoneka kumasula abwino airship ndi malonda analephera. Sverhdorogie zoponya mabomba amachititsa kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa Congress US kuposa adani ake. Kuphatikana billionths ndalama sayesedwa wolungama, pali dzuwa kakang'ono chifukwa kukula umisiri watsopano kudziwa mipherezero mpweya.

Pa zachisoni mbiri cholemba chozemba yoponya mabomba sikuthetsa, kumakhaladi chidaliro chakuti mayiko ambiri kukhala ndi luso zina. Ndithudi, ntchito zomveka, ndipo chinthu china, kodi zogwirizana zotsatira ndalama analandira.