S-125 "Neva": kamangidwe, makhalidwe ntchito, zosintha

S-125 "Neva" - odana ndege dongosolo chida (ADMS), lalifupi n'kulolera chopangidwa mu USSR. The katundu buku la zovuta lotchedwa "Pechora". Mu gulu la NATO, ilo likutchedwa SA-3 Goa. Pa mikono ya USSR zovuta anavomerezedwa mu 1961. The mapulogalamu waukulu Sam anapanga NPO "Almaz" wotchedwa Raspletina. Today ife kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya Sam "Neva" ndi specifications ake.

nkhani

Air chitetezo chida dongosolo anali mbali ya chitetezo ya USSR ndipo anafuna kuti chitetezo cha zomangamanga mafakitale ndi nkhondo ndi zotsatira za mtundu njira iliyonse kuukira mpweya, zouluka pa sing'anga ndi otsika okwera. Akhoza kudwala yoponya mabomba, omenyana, ndege wosiyanasiyana ndi mivi sitima ndi kubalalika Mwachangu oposa 0.2 mamita ^2.

Development idayamba Sam NGO "Daimondi" mu 1956 poyankha chilengedwe cha ndege, mogwira zikugwira ntchito pa okwera otsika. Ntchito luso kupanga zovuta anasonyeza kuthekera kwa n'chongoletsa mipherezero zouluka pa kutalika kwa 0.2 5 Km, pa osiyanasiyana kuchokera makilomita 6 mpaka 10 pa liwiro la 1500 Km / h. Pa kuika loyamba mayesero ndinkagwira ntchito ndi roketi 5V24. Mgwilizano yasonyeza insufficiently ogwira, choncho ntchito wapangidwa chinanso chofunika - kusintha kwa watsopano chida 5V27 ogwirizana ndi nyanja "funde la zovuta lapansi. njira wakhala zayamba bwino makhalidwe ntchito (makhalidwe ntchito) a dongosolo. Mu 1961, zovuta anatengera, pansi lakuti S-125 "Neva".

M'tsogolo, kamodzi dongosolo alibe chasinthidwa. mamembala ake m'gulu zida kuthana ndi zododometsa GSHM, mipherezero pamaso chododometsa PRR, chizindikiritso, ulamuliro phokoso, komanso dongosolo la kunja umboni SRP. Chifukwa patsogolo kamangidwe, Sam anatha n'chongoletsa mipherezero kuti ali chapatali kwa makilomita 17.

Mu 1964, Baibulo modernized wa Sam Analeredwa pansi pa dzina la S-125 "Neva-M". The katundu Baibulo la unsembe amatchedwa "Pechora". Kuyambira 1969 anayamba kupereka zovuta m'mayiko Warsaw Pangano. Chaka chotsatira, kuti akakwaniritse S-125 anayamba m'mayiko ena, monga Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Korea, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Peru, Syria, ndi ena ambiri. Mofanana 1964 pa mikono Analeredwa 5V27 chida otukuka ICD "muuni.

Mu 1980, wachiwiri ndi lomaliza pofuna modernize zovuta. Monga mbali ya wamakono wa okonza anapereka:

1. Kumasulira siteshoni mivi malangizo pa elemental digito Nawonso achichepere.
2. Kukhazikitsa decoupling zida ndi chandamale ngalande ndi kugwiritsira okwerera ulamuliro awiri. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuonjezera osiyanasiyana pazipita maroketi kugonjetsedwa kwa makilomita 42, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "preemption wathunthu."
3. Kukhazikitsa njira homing mivi.

Chifukwa nkhawa kuti Baibulo la "Neva" kupewa kupanga latsopano S-300P anafotokoza maganizo anakanidwa. Panopa, mabuku a zovuta, amene analandira lakuti C-125-2, kapena "Pechora-2".

kapangidwe

dongosolo imakhala dongosolo mpweya chitetezo chida, ndi pamwamba ndi mpweya chida akuti luso zikutanthauza.

Sam zikuphatikizapo wothandizila amenewa:

1. Rada (RLS) SNR125M kwa chandamale kutsatira ndi chitsogozo cha mabomba pa izo. Rada ili pa nyumba ziwiri. Limodzi ndi UNK kanyumba kasamalidwe ndi zina - mlongoti positi. SNR125M ntchito ndi makina ounikira ndi TV njira thandizo, mu modes Buku kapena basi. siteshoni ali okonzeka ndi zodziwikiratu poyambira chipangizo APP 125, omwe amasonyeza malire a dera lomwe linakhudzidwa nkhondo, komanso ndondomeko ya roketi ndi cholinga cha msonkhanowo. Komanso, aganiza kuyamba ntchitoyo.
2. Chida batire, chomwe launchers anayi 5P73 zitsanzo, omwe ali okonzeka ndi 4 mivi.
3. kotunga mphamvu dongosolo wopangidwa mwa okwerera dizilo ndi mphamvu ya magetsi ya yogawa ndi kanyumba.

malangizo

The zovuta kwa ziwiri njira ndi umodzi-njira chida kulasa. Mdani chinthu akhoza kutola mabomba awiri okha. Komanso, ndi SAMs akhoza opareshoni radars kwa kudziwika ndi kutsata, chitsanzo P-12 kapena P-15. ndalama zovuta anayikidwa mu theka-nyumba ndi nyumba, ndi Kubverana kwawo ndi kudzera zingwe.

Njira yothetsera vuto ili, ngati chilengedwe cha wozama okwera dongosolo mzinga, chofunika ndi okonza njira zachilendo. Ichi chinali chifukwa maonekedwe lodabwitsa la mlongoti unsembe.

Kugunda chandamale, amene ali pa mtunda wa 10 Km ndi ntchentche pa liwiro la 420 m / s, pa msinkhu wa 200 m, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa mzinga pa nthawi imene chandamale ili pa mtunda wa 17 Km. adani A ndi kutsatira wa mipherezero kuyamba konse pa mtunda wa 24 Km. Pankhaniyi, kudziwika osiyanasiyana ndi mipherezero ngati otsika okwera akhale kwa makilomita 32 35 polingalira nthawi wofunikila dopoisk. Imeneyi, mbali ya chandamale danga panthawi ya kudziwika ndi 0,3 yekha °, ndi kutenga autofollow - za 0,5 °. Pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ochepa potengera Rada chizindikiro ku siteshoni pansi malangizo kuposa chizindikiro anasonyeza kwa chandamale. Kuchepetsa zotsatira izi, C 125 outfitted ndi machitidwe awiri mlongoti. The oyamba - si scanned, ndi udindo kulandira ndi kufalitsa. Ndipo lachiwiri - Jambulani - amachita phwando okha.

Pamene ntchito ikakhala otsika zimafalitsa mlongoti pa 1 °. The chopatsilira Choncho irradiates padziko lapansi lokha mbali lobes wa chithunzi mlongoti. Izi amachepetsa chizindikiro anasonyeza kwa ambiri padziko lapansi nthawi. Kuchepetsa chandamale kutsatira mphulupulu kugwirizana ndi zosayembekezereka wa "specular chinyezimiro" (umaimira kusokonezedwa pakati chizindikiro mwachindunji ndi multipath ku chandamale nthaka), awiri kulandira tinyanga ndege ndi zimayenda ndi 45 ° kwa yopingasa. Chifukwa cha positi mlongoti Sam ndipo amapeza chikuoneka khalidwe.

Vuto lina kugwirizana ndi otsika okwera zouluka chandamale mdani, - pomanga MTI (ikuyenda chandamale chizindikiro), kumene angakathandizidwe wodzipatula chandamale chizindikiro pakati mawunikidwe amphamvu ochokera pansi ndi chizindikiro mtundu uliwonse zotere. Kuti zimenezi analengedwa cherezperiodnoe proofread ndi chipangizo opaleshoni olimba UDL (mizere akupanga ikuchedwa).

Magawo mwachindunji MTI kwakukulukulu upambana magawo onse Rada analipo ntchito ndi cheza pulsed. Yimitsira phokoso akuwuka kwa zinthu chabe ukufika 33-36 DB. Kuti ziziyenda nthawi kubwerezabwereza wa nyemba kusanthulasanthula, ndi synchronizer Amasintha mzere yomweyo. Patapita kuti chisankho ndi mmodzi wa kuipa siteshoni, monga kukhala kosatheka kusintha kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi kuti nyimbo kutali phokoso mtima. Pochepetsa jamming dongosolo kulumpha chopatsilira pafupipafupi chaperekedwa, lomwe limapezeka kukachitika kuti kusokonezedwa kuposa mlingo anakonzeratu.

chipangizo chida

Pamwamba ndi mpweya chida (Sam) 5V27 anakamba ICD "muuni", anali magawo awiri ndipo anamanga pa kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kasinthidwe "bakha". Gawo loyamba la roketi tichipeza ndi chilimbikitso olimba roketi; stabilizers anayi kusiya pambuyo pa chiyambi; ndi awiri airfoils anakonza mu chipinda kulumikiza ndi zofunika kuchepetsa ndege liwiro pambuyo accelerator magawo gawo. Chikadzangotha masitepe pansi pamalo awa amakonzedwa, amene kumatanthauza kasinthasintha lolemera, kusiyana ndi wosasunthika mtima ndipo potsiriza braking accelerator ndi mosalongosoka kugwa wake wotsatira.

Gawo lachiwiri la Sam ali ndi olimba-chopopera galimoto. kamangidwe kake tichipeza angapo zipinda, yomwe ili: mayunitsi Control, fuze, kumenyana mkulu-zachiwawa Kugawikana pa bolodi zipangizo, galimoto ndi ulamuliro wolandila malamulo.

ndege njira kulamulira chida ndi malangizo ake kwa chandamale ikuchitika mwa ulamuliro wailesi, adatumikira pamodzi ndi nthaka Rada malangizo. Kumapangitsa warhead kumachitika pamene tikuyandikira mzinga chandamale mdani pa mtunda zoyenera pa wailesi ankalamulira mafyuzi timu. N'zothekanso angatifooketsere wa gulu siteshoni malangizo.

Kuyambira ukoritel akuthamanga masekondi awiri kapena anayi, ndipo akuyenda - kwa masekondi 20. nthawi wofunikila chida okha, - 49. Zimamuchulukira Zuri mchitidwe 6 mayunitsi. Chida umagwira ntchito lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana - kuchokera - ° 40 + 50 ° C.

Pamene zida mivi Atengedwa ku-601P, ndi okonza anayamba kugwira ntchito pa mchaka odana ndege dongosolo chida. mavuto amenewa anaphatikizapo kusintha zotsatirazi: mipherezero ndi shelling kusuntha imathamanga mpaka 2500 Km / h, anagonjetsa transonic (kusunthira pa liwiro pafupi liwiro phokoso) kuti mipherezero pamalo okwera 18 Km, komanso kuchuluka phokoso chitetezo chokwanira ndipo anagunda Mwina.

chida zosintha

Mu chitukuko cha zosintha ngati mivi zinalengedwa ndi luso:

1. 5V27G. The index "T" umaimira "losindikizidwa".
2. 5V27GP. "P" index limasonyeza kuchepa kugonjetsedwa pafupi kwa malire kwa 2,7 Km.
3. 5V27GPS. Index "C" akusonyeza pamaso pa gulu kusankha, kuchepetsa mosavuta kanthu basi pamene fuze chizindikiro chinyezimiro kuchokera m'midzi yozungulira.
4. 5V27GPU. Zosonyezera "Y" zikutanthauza kuti pali mofulumira prelaunch. Kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza zimatheka chifukwa chotsatira zipangizo adakwera kuchokera magetsi mkulu voteji, pamene prelaunch akafuna Kutentha zida. Zida prelaunch ili mu UNK kanyumba, ndinalandira kuunikanso lolingana.

zosintha zonse nkhondo akupangidwa ku Kirov fakitale nambala 32. maphunziro apadera kwa ntchito ya mbewu opangidwa miyeso ndi kulemera, kugawanika ndi zitsanzo maphunziro nkhondo.

Yambani mivi

Launch ikuchitika ku Launcher (PU) chitsanzo 5P73, amene anachititsa mu kukwezedwa ndi azimuthal. Chetyrehbalochnaya kusamutsidwa Launcher udaikidwa mu KB SM motsogozedwa BS Korobov. Popanda galimotoyo ndi gazootrazhateley akhoza kusamutsidwa ndi galimoto YAZ-214.

Pamene kuwombera pa mipherezero otsika-zouluka osachepera poyambira ngodya ya chida kuti 9 °. Pofuna kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka padziko Mipikisano yachigawo adagona ❖ kuyanika Launcher zozungulira mphira zitsulo. PU wapatsidwa pa mndandanda ndi awiri makina zoyendera cholusa, anamanga pa tsinde la ZIL-131 ndi ZIL 157 ndi kuzikonzanso maneuverability.

siteshoni mphamvu zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni thiransifoma substation, wokwera kumbuyo kwa ngolo. Stations nzeru ndi kutsata a P-mtundu ndi P-12 nm 15 panali magwero yoyenda yokha mphamvu BP-10-T230.

Dziko la ndege anatsimikiza mtima omufunsawo Rada.

wamakono

Mu 1970 kumayambiriro, odana ndi ndege chida zovuta "Neva" anali modernized. Kuwonjezera zida Rada analola kuonjezera phokoso chitetezo chokwanira pa pamaso pa zolinga ndi mayendetsedwe a roketi a. Chifukwa cha oyamba a zida, "Karat-2" anafuna kuti TV kuwala pamaso komanso chithandizo mwayi muthandize ndi manyuzipepala mipherezero mdani popanda cheza Rada mu malo ozungulira. Kusintha chandamale njira chopatsilira anapitiriza mlongoti positi. Ntchito pa ndege n'kusokoneza anali kwambiri kungachepetsedwe anapereka maonekedwe zithunzi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo izo zinaliri mu kuwala akuonadi njira ndi zofooka. Mu zikhalidwe mitambo, ndipo pamene ankaona mbali ya dzuwa kapena pamaso pa yokumba gwero kuwala wokwera pa ndege mdani, dzuwa njira amachepetsa kwambiri. Komanso, pamaso pa njira TV kuwala sanathe kupereka chomera woyendetsa za cholinga cha uthunthu deta. Izi zimasokoneza mwayi njira posankha ndi malangizo kuchepetsedwa mphamvu ya zolinga kuukira liwiro.

Mu theka lachiwiri la 70 S-125 analandira zida, kuwonjezera dzuwa la ntchito pamene kuwombera pa mipherezero kusuntha ikakhala otsika, komanso mipherezero pansi ndi pamwamba. Komanso kusinthidwa chida 4V27D analengedwa, amene kowonjezeka airspeed analola kuti alipo mipherezero "kuthamangitsa". Chida kutalika kuchuluka, ndi misa kuchuluka matani 0,98. Kunagwa Sam Launcher mlandu zidutswa 3. May 3, 1978 ya S-125M1 ndi Launch Baibulo 5V27D ayamba.

Mabaibulo

M'kupita kwa zosintha zovuta The zosintha otsatirawa anapanga.

Pakuti motetezera USSR:

1. S-125 "Neva". Kuweta Baibulo ndi chida 5V24 osiyanasiyana monga ku 16 Km.
2. S-125M "Neva-M". Zovuta analandira 5V27 mivi ndi kuchuluka kwa 22 Km mtunda.
3. C-125M1 "Neva-M1." Chosiyana ndi Baibulo "M" kuchuluka phokoso chitetezo chokwanira ndi mivi latsopano 5V27D ndi kuthekera kuukira akuwatsatira.

Pakuti Soviet Navy:

1. M-1 "Wave". Sitima analogue Baibulo la C 125.
2. M-1m "Wave-M." Sitima analogue Baibulo la C-125M.
3. M-1P "P-yoweyula". Sitima analogue Baibulo la C-152M1, ndi Kuwonjezera Telesystems 9SH33.
4. M-1h. "Wave-H". Zovuta Cholinga kulimbana otsika-zouluka RCC.

Pakuti katundu:

1. "Pechora". Tumizani buku la Sam "Neva".
2. "Pechora-M." Exporting chimake Sam "Neva-M".
3. "Pechora-2M". Tumizani buku la Sam "Neva-M1."

S-125 "Pechora-2M" lili m'mayiko ena.

makhalidwe a

Kuweta mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a Sam "Neva":

1. Osiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa pamwamba - 0,02-18 Km.
2. Zolemba malire osiyanasiyana kulephera - 11-18 Km, malingana kumwamba.
3. Mwina kumenya chandamale roketi chimodzi - 0,25.
4. Autolock nthawi kutsatira wa mipherezero - 8.
5. Zikugwira ntchito mode kuyambira chipangizo - theka-zodziwikiratu.
6. Kupoletsa nthawi deta - 7.
7. Mapa molondola msonkhano mfundo - 1.5-3 Km.
8. Mtunda pakati pa malo malo ndi ulamuliro kanyumba - 20 m.
9. Mtunda pakati pa kanyumba ndi ulamuliro sitata - 70 m.
10. Chida kutalika - 5948 mm.
11. The awiri a siteji 1st wa roketi - 552 mm.
12. The awiri a gawo 2 wa roketi wa - 379mm.
13. Kuyambira kulemera mivi - makilogalamu 980.
14. Mizinga ndege liwiro - mpaka 730 m / s.
15. The pazipita chovomerezeka liwiro la chandamale - 700 m / s.
16. Kulemera kwa Bomba - 72 kg.

yokumba

Sam 125 otsika osiyanasiyana ntchito mu nkhondo zosiyanasiyana mtundu m'deralo. Mu 1970, 40 battalions a "Neva" ndi ogwira Union anapita ku Iguputo. Kumeneko, iwo mwamsanga analidi. Mu Soviet Sam 16 firings anagogoda ndi kuonongeka 9 3 Israeli ndege. Kenako, Suez ndi osayanjanitsika.

Mu 1999, pa mokwiya NATO ndi Yugoslavia, ndi S-125 otsiriza ntchito pa nkhondo. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondoyi Yugoslavia ali 14 S-125 mabatire 60 launchers. Ena a iwo anali okonzeka ndi makamera TV ndi rangefinders laser, amene amaloledwa moto mivi popanda kusokoneza. Komabe, dzuwa wonse wa kachitidwe ntchito Yugoslavia wakhala kuonongedwa chifukwa chakuti ali ndi nthawi kuti ndi chinthu chakale ndipo ayenera kukonza zonse. Ambiri mizinga ntchito zikuchokera kwa S-125, moyo yotsalira anali ziro.

countermeasures pakompyuta njira zomwe mphamvu NATO akhala kwambiri mu kulimbana ndi machitidwe Russian chida. Nkhondowo-wokonzeka lisanathe mkangano panali ziwiri zokha battalions atatu a S-125, ntchito pafupi ndi Belgrade. Pofuna kuchepetsa zomvetsa, "Neva" magawano ntchito makina ounikira awo masekondi 23-25. imeneyi ili nthawi inaŵerengeredwa ndi ndodo mu imfa woyamba atakumana ndi NATO odana Rada mivi kuvulaza. Asayansi kachitidwe chida anayenera kuchidziwa mchitidwe chobisika, poganiza kusintha zonse udindo ndi kuwombera a "abisalire." Chifukwa, icho chiri S-125, TTC zomwe takambirana, anakwanitsa kuponyera pansi American womenya F 117.