Russian roketi "Rokot": kufotokoza, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

The roketi "Rokot" - pa Russian chonyamulira roketi, okhoza kupulumutsa kuti kanjira wa payload kuwala ndi sing'anga. Pa siteji chapamwamba "mphepo wa makilomita, chimasonyeza kuti makilogalamu 2150 pa payload kuti okwera 200 Km.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

ndi chonyamulira roketi "Rokot" n'chiyani? Bukuli lili intercontinental ballistic chida Uri-100N, amatchedwanso SS 19 Stiletto. Uri-100N chitukuko inayamba mu 1970 ndi cholinga kuwongolera ICBMs Uri 100 ndi kulenga ndege lalikulu angachotse katundu ankawonjezereka.

mayesero Flight inkachitikira nthawi kuchokera 1973 mpaka 1975, ndipo dongosolo anakhala ntchito mu 1974. Mwa 1978, iye anapangidwa zochuluka okwana 190 mivi. The bwino Baibulo, Uri-100UTTH, anapatsidwa mu 1979 ndipo m'malo mwa zitsanzo akale, kufika katundu pazipita mayunitsi 360.

Chishango nyukiliya

Uri 100 mivi akhoza kunyamula palokha zokwana zisanu paokha targetable ndi osiyanasiyana makilomita 10,000. Iwo angathe kukonzekera kuthamanga kwa mphindi 25 pa zaka 22 moyo uliwonse alumali. Intercontinental ballistic chida Uri 100 ndipo akadali mu utumiki.

Pambuyo mapeto a nkhondo Cold mu zida Khrunichev Khrunichev anali redesigned ndipo akukonzani ndi avionics zamakono siteji chapamwamba "mphepo wa makilomita, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti ntchito monga galimoto danga Launch. NGOs "Engineering" komanso zinasinthiratu Uri 100 Launch galimoto, koma popanda zosintha kwambiri, kupanga zochepa kusintha, koma zotsikirako mtengo zida kochotsa payloads kakang'ono mu otsika Earth kanjira. Mu kasinthidwe ili, amadziwika ngati "Mivi Yanu".

Kuchokera Baikonur cosmodrome mu Plesetsk

The Launch loyamba "Rokot" Launch unachitikira November 20, 1990 kuchokera ku Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Woyamba yozungulira ndege zinachitika pa December 26, 1994. Ndipo mu 1995, kampani Eurockot, thandizo limene Russian chonyamulira roketi "Rokot" unakhazikitsidwa anaikidwa pa msika imalankhula malonda.

kampaniyo amamuonera 45 spacecraft. Mu 2000, Astrium anagula ndi 51% mtengo Eurockot. Otsala 49% anali Khrunichev. Mu May 2000, ku cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" unayambitsidwa osati kuchokera mu mgodi ngati mmene zinachitikira kwa "Baikonur", ndi dziko zoyendera chidebe.

The roketi "Rokot": Features

The spacecraft ndi awiri gawo "mphepo Km" Zhidkotoplivnyy chilimbikitso nthawi okonzeka ndi gawo lotsiriza, okhoza kupulumutsa payload la makilogalamu mpaka 2140 otsika lapansi kanjira ndi 1200 makilogalamu dzuwa synchronous.

Features ya nthandala roketi "Rokot" ali motere:

• kutalika kwa 29,15 m,
• m'mimba mwake akuluakulu a 2.5 m,
• kuyambira kulemera kwa 107 000 makilogalamu,
• Mafuta - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) ndi asafe tetroxide.

gawo loyamba

Gawo loyamba la chonyamulira roketi kuwala kalasi "phokoso" ndi 17.2 mamita yaitali ndi 2.5 mamita awiri. Thanki ndi asafe tetroxide ili pamwamba chotengera ndi dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical. Awiri wamba thanki olekanitsidwa ndi kugawa a. Kukweza kulemera - makilogalamu 77.200, 5700 makilogalamu inertnaya-.

Woyamba magawo atatu ntchito Rd-0233 ndi Rd-0234 chokha. ziwembu zawo ofanana, koma Rd-0234 ali ndi kutentha exchanger kuti amapereka mpweya wothinikizidwa kuti akasinja mafuta kuwasunga mu kuthamanga chofunika mu gawo loyamba la ndege.

Onse injini - chopangira mphamvu mapampu ndi chatsekedwa kuzungulira. Lililonse lili 470 kN kupisa kuti okwana 1.870 kN kapena 190.700 kg. Zingalowe Ndodo koyamba siteji - 2070 kN (211.100 kg) injini 520 kN.

Control amaperekedwa ndi munthu gimbal kuyimitsidwa aliyense injini anayi. Maola - 121.

kulekana The ikuchitika zinthu otentha. Vernier galimoto ya Gawo lachiwiri ndi akayaka pamaso sitepe kulekana. Hatches anatumiza nozzles ndege anayi. Munayamba pyrotechnic vernier utsi limagwirira amakankhira zinathera gawo loyamba. Komanso, ali okonzeka ndi anayi olimba roketi Motors ali akayaka pambuyo kulekana kuchotsa ku mtunda otetezeka.

Mbali yachiwiri

Gawo lachiwiri ndi 3,9 yaitali mamita ndi 2.5 mamita awiri. kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 1,500 kuphatikiza makilogalamu 10.700 wa mafuta. Thanki ndi oxidant ndi thanki mafuta inali pamwamba ndi wosiyana izo ndi kugawa wamba.

siteji ali okonzeka ndi injini Turbo wa mkombero chatsekedwa: mkulu wa Rd-0235 ndi Rd-zinayi chambered vernier 0236 kulamulira malangizo a ndege.

Rd-0235 ali mwadzina zingalowe yaikulu 240 kN (24,470 kg), chifukwa kupereka zimachitika 320 p.

Rd-0236 amapereka samatha 15,76 kN (1,607 kg) ndi 293 umayendetsedwera. Aliyense wa nozzles anayi olimbana kudzera gimbal akhoza kuyenda olamulira limodzi, kupereka ulamuliro chida lathu pa gawo lachiwiri la ndege. Palinso ntchito dongosolo otentha mpweya kulenga kuthamanga n'zofunika akasinja lapansi.

siteji chapamwamba

"Phokoso" roketi ali okonzeka ndi gawo chapamwamba, chomwe zigawo zitatu zikuluzikulu - mota, encapsulation wa katundu chipinda ndi chipinda wapakatikati, wagwirizana ndi gawo lachiwiri.

"Mphepo Km" ndi 2.6 mamita m'litali, 2.5 mamita awiri ndi unyinji wa makilogalamu 1320. Heptyl thanki ili pamwamba pa beseni ndi oxidant ndi. Yotsirizira ali conical mawonekedwe ndi recess kuti akomere injini chachikulu. "Mphepo Km" akhoza kumakhalamo 1665 makilogalamu ndi makilogalamu 3310 UDMH oxidant. Kukhalabe kuthamanga chofunika mu akasinja ndi ulamuliro pneumatic ntchito kuthamanga helium.

Chigawo chapakati cha chipika imakhala chidebe ndi oxidant ndi, kuwataya pamwamba thanki mafuta. akasinja onse zili ndi makina hayidiroliki ndi pneumatic, ndi kakasi mkati kuletsa madzi kumenya khoma dongosolo la. Ali ndi mawonekedwe toroidal ndi recess pansi pa dongosolo lalikulu zosagwiritsa, kulola kuchepetsa kutalika kwa bwalolo. M'munsimu chipinda ndi injini waukulu zosagwiritsa ndi olimba ndi lathu, ndi akasinja ozungulira ndi helium ndi mafuta iwo. Zida yokutidwa ndi kutchinjiriza matenthedwe kuteteza kuzirala kwambiri ya mafuta imakhudza kukhuthala ake, ndipo kungachititse kuti kuzizira a mipope ndi akasinja.

zida Bay

Mu kumtunda kwa chipika mu kukalowa truncated phirilo ili zida chipinda wopangidwa mafelemu, kupereka unsembe wa anthu opha osiyana, zigawo telemetry batire ndi machitidwe kulankhulana. Kumenya adaputala azamagetsi kuti 2,49 mamita awiri.

Pa pansi ndi masentimita 60 adaputala polumikiza "mphepo Km" kwa gawo lachiwiri, komanso kupereka ogwiritsa ndi fairings.

Mu mphamvu machitidwe wagawo awiri mafuta ndi akuyendera: kufinya otsika kwa injini chachikulu ndi kuthamanga injini olimba ndi lathu. Zonse ntchito chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine ndi asafe, amene akayaka yomweyo Atafika kukhudzana ndi mzake.

Zipangizo chilimbikitso

injini maganizo kulamulira ntchito "mphepo Km" ndi 17D58E mutu ndi kupereka mwadzina yaikulu ya 13,3 N. Aliyense chipika ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 14, ndipo zimalemera 550 ga zotakasika micromotor ndi opareshoni pa chiŵerengero kusakanikirana 1: 1,85 ndi athandizira mwadzina kukakamiza 14,7 bala, koma amatha kupirira mavuto osiyanasiyana monga mkulu wa 7,8 kuti 34,3 bar. Mtima ulamuliro machitidwe zosagwiritsa ntchito mode pulsed ndi osachepera opaleshoni nthawi ya 0,03 m, koma 17D58E komanso mbiri yabwino ntchito mosalekeza kwa masekondi mpaka 10,000. injini akhoza kulimbana 450.000 m'zinthu.

Mphamvu okwanira dongosolo chilimbikitso

"Mphepo masentimita" yatenganso yake magetsi dongosolo ongokhala batire ndi kugawa mphamvu kachitidwe kuti kupereka maola 7 siteji ntchito ku njira yake. Chida chipinda zikuphatikizapo telemetry zipangizo ndi transmitters ndi tinyanga, ndi tepi kwa yosungirako deta ndi HIV. chiongoko navigation ndi ulamuliro ndi udindo ndege pamisinkhu onse. Amakhala ndi nsanja ndi malangizo inertial wopangidwa mwa 3-olamulira gyroscope makompyuta adakwera. Kachitidwe ali redundancy patatu ndi ambiri posankha zochita. Ndi kwathunthu yoyenda yokha ndipo sangathe ankalamulira kuchokera kunja.

cowling

"Rokot" chida yatenganso fairing, imene cholinga mwachindunji buku la zamalonda spacecraft lapansi. Iwo waikidwa mu chida chipinda gawo chapamwamba. Amakhala ndi zidutswa ziwiri za 7,8 mamita m'litali, amene pamodzi ndi elliptical mawonekedwe 2.5 kuti 2,62 mamita awiri. Ikani payload ndi 5,9 mamita mu msinkhu.

The fairing amateteza spacecraft ku kuuluka bwino potsatira njira, matenthedwe ndi lamayimbidwe mphamvu pa iye pa ndege mu mlengalenga. Pamene masamba roketi fairing akatulutsidwa mwa kutsegula lanu makina, ndi akhomere awiri theka zipolopolo pamodzi ndi mzere umodzi wa kulekana ndi chipangizo pyrotechnic anaika mu mphuno kwa fairing lapansi. Kenako pa mzere yopingasa olekanitsa kuwombera akapichi angapo kuphulika, kulola fairing kumwazikana laterally kudzera ndodo masika. Kuzungulira m'tsinde mwa kasinthasintha motsogozedwa galimoto ndi kulekanitsidwa bwino.

Yosungirako ndi Launch dongosolo

Mosiyana ndi SS-19, amene amayamba m'migodi ndi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chonyamulira roketi "Rokot" amapangidwa kuchokera zoyendera ndi Launch chidebe pa cosmodrome Plesetsk, Russia. Mizinga kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, pamafunika ulamuliro wa nyengo ndi kukhalabe asafe mlengalenga. Mayendedwe ndi unsembe pa PAD Launch kubala mu beseni. Komanso, beseni limapangidwa njira kukonzekera chisanadze Launch ndi zoteteza chilengedwe.

Asanayambe ndi kukodzedwa, ndi pa chilimbikitso cha anapereka payload, siteji chapamwamba ndipo fairing. Kulumikiza chidebe kwa refueling polumikizira komanso mphamvu ndi deta chingwe. Mu malo woongoka roketi "phokoso" suli pa mphete pansi pa beseni. Pa zinthu zofunika zingwe discontinuous ali sakukhudzidwa machitidwe makina. Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipangizo chimatsogoleredwa ndi njanji ziwiri. chidebe kuteteza Launch PAD malasha injini, ndi ntchito kamodzi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Afunika kuchita khama maroketi "Rokot" adzakhala anaima 2017 pambuyo kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe imalankhula boma ndi malonda.

Dzina SS 19 Stiletto - NATO ndi dzina mtundu wa ICBM. SS zikuimirira kachitidwe "pansi pa nthaka" ndipo chiwerengero 19 ndi dzina "Stiletto" anatumizidwa ku mtundu wa mizinga intercontinental ballistic. Mu Russia, mkulu dzina la SS 19 - RS 18 Ndipo Uri-100N.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri za malo roketi "Rokot" anatero kudalilika, lomwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi 27 imalankhula bwino kutuluka 29. Ndipo mwa 150 imalankhula SS 19 okha 3 analephera pa chiyambi cha ntchito mu 1970. Mayeso imalankhula wa SS-19 "Rokot" pachaka monga gawo kuona kudalilika kwa spacecraft ndi ziphunzitso za asilikali a dziko.