Kodi limapeza ndalama dziko?

Kudziwa bata chuma cha boma amagwiritsa mfundo zosiyana. Iwo onse kuthandiza kudziwa kusintha ndi kukula kwa chuma, komanso kuti afotokoze options chidzachitike m'tsogolo. Zimakhala ngati khalidwe la dziko m'bwalo lonse, kuthandiza kumanga ubale ndi mayiko ena.

Choncho, chimene chimapanga "aakulu ndalama dziko"? Ichi sichina kuposa Uwerenge ndalama okwana chachikulu, chimene analandira nzika za dziko makamaka kwa nyengo zina za nthawi. Komanso, mawerengedwe imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse m'dzikoli ndi amene ali kunja, koma ndi nzika. Zikatero izo si yekha gawo la ndalama zimene anapita kudziko lina.

Chifukwa kufunika amenewa aziwerenga?

boma revenues zimadalira osati pa buku la ulimi mu dziko, kuchokera malonda ndi ntchito anapereka, etc. M'pofunika kuganizira chiwerengero cha ndalama movutikira ndi anthu a dziko. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kuganizira kuchuluka kwa ndalama analandira kuchokera kunja, komanso gawo la ndalama, womwe unasamutsidwa m'maboma ena.

Gross ndalama mitundu zimadalira GDP (aakulu m'banja mankhwala). Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo. Iwo anafotokoza makamaka chakuti aakulu m'banja mankhwala (GDP) kuwalitsa makamaka yekha voliyumu ya ulimi, chitukuko, ndipo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana ntchito kuti chakudya kapena okhala (anthu) a dziko.

Ngakhale ndalama aakulu dziko kudziwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndalama mu dziko, ndipo, chotero, boma lonse wonse. Ichi ndi ambiri otaya ndalama, omwe ndi nzika za dziko. Gross ndalama national (GNI) kuchita masamu motere: kwa mankhwala aakulu m'banja (GDP) ndi anawonjezera kusiyana ndalama analandira kuchokera kunja ndipo lolipiridwa ndi maiko ena.

Kodi kusiyana GDP ndi GNI chiyani?

  Zimenezi si nthawi zonse bwino zimene ndi kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi, ndipo ambiri Chofunika sindikumvetsa chifukwa anasiyanitsidwa, chifukwa iwo ali ofanana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake.

Komabe, kusiyana ndi, limapeza zoweta mankhwala - ndi chimene amasonyeza katundu opangidwa m'dzikoli, mwachitsanzo, tisonyeza zimenezo mwa phindu okwana katundu onsewa ndi ntchito. Ngakhale ndalama aakulu limasonyeza chiwerengero cha ndalama zimene achita mzika za dziko lino. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo akhoza ntchito osati dziko lawo. Choncho, limapeza ndalama national zikuphatikizapo ndalama okhala nawo mu GDP mayiko ena.

Zochita izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani angathe kupereka ntchito zawo kunja. Palinso ena kupanga akhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Phindu adzakhala iperekedwe maiko, koma ena adzapita ku dziko m'dziko la kampaniyo, etc.

Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa GNI pa munthu aakulu mankhwala dziko (GNP). Ndi chinthu chomwecho, mpaka mu 1993 wotchedwa GNI mankhwala masamu mu njira yomweyo. Zasinthidwa mogwirizana ndi chakuti GDP limangonyezimiritsa ntchito za ulimi, pamene aakulu ndalama national amasonyeza okwana ndalama mitundu yonse Boma la chuma.

Mokhudzana ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a dziko GNI ndi GDP akhoza zokhudzana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Monga ulamuliro, m'mayiko otukuka ndalama dziko ndi wamkulu kuposa lalikulu mankhwala dziko, monga iwo akhoza kupereka ndalama ku mayiko osauka, ndiyeno kulandira chidwi potipatsa chuma ndipo ndinu gawo la kupanga.

Mu Russia, GDP akadali pansipa IRR. Komanso, ngati inu kuchotsera kwa GNI ntchito likulu ndi depreciation ndalama kuti mukhoza kupeza ukonde ndalama national (NNI), amene ntchito za chuma.