Ballistic chida - chida kukhala bwino padziko lonse wa mphamvu

mivi Intercontinental wakhala lalikulu ofunika Chinthu mu mphindi yovuta kwambiri kwa Cold nkhondo. akuvomereza mu utumiki pa chiyambi cha makumi asanu ndi lilibe kuthekera Kupanda kusamala ndi bomba la nyukiliya a mizinda Soviet ndi asilikali mafakitale malo a US Air Force.

Bomba la atomiki mu USSR wakhala, koma panali vuto lalikulu ndi yobereka yake chandamale. Anakopera ku Tupolev G 29 siichitanso lingathe zimakhudzira, amene amasiyana ngakhale zaka zisanu zapitazo, chitsanzo watsopano zoponya mabomba njira anapangidwa mu United States: B-47, B-50 ... Kunali kofunika mwachangu agwirizane bwino wa mphamvu. Ndipo pano pa otchedwa atsogoleri "Amalume Joe" Stalin Western anaonekera monga mwa kudzanja watsopano Ace - ballistic chida.

Kodi kotero mwadzidzidzi? Ayi, ndithu mwangozi, koma chifukwa cha khama la Bureau kuyang'aniridwa ndi SP Mfumukazi. Kumene, zinthu zina zambiri zimene asayansi German ndipo akatswiri nawo, ndipo ndithu bwinobwino, ulimi wa sayansi roketi pa nkhondo atatengedwa kupita ku nkhani. Koma onani kuti Amereka, zinthuzi komanso sizinakukwanire, mlengi ambiri kwambiri Wernher von Braun ankakhala United States. Iwo sizinathandize, woyamba losatha ballistic chida anapangidwa mu Soviet Union.

Osiyanasiyana P1 anali wodzichepetsa - makilomita 270 okha, koma chopunthwitsa chachikulu wakhala kugonjetsa, ndipo kuti pambuyo pake pa Dnepropetrovsk "Pivdenmash", ndiye fakitale ndi chiwerengero kanthu wokamba 586, anali kufalitsidwa kuŵeta ya P1 ndi P2.

Ilili woyamba ndi wokayenda pamwezi anali anapezerapo kanjira galimoto imene maziko - P7 intercontinental ballistic chida angathe kugonjetsa makilomita asanu ndi theka kuti chandamale ndi kupulumutsa zida za nyukiliya.

Anayamba manja mtundu, amene kale anali kufunika Zimatheka zosiyanasiyana ndi mlandu kulemera, ndipo ngakhale TNT ofanana ndi wokhoza kugunda ndi kulangidwa kapena ndi zomvetsa kochepa. Ballistic chida amakhala wangwiro, amawapatsa mphamvu ya analamula ake, zoyendayenda, ndi chiwerengero cha mbali ogwirizana warhead lapansi.

Ndi kukula kwa ubongo luso ndi luso, ntchito ngati yosalala akuyandikira chandamale ndi kukakumana ndi matanthauzo kukhala zovuta kwambiri, panali dongosolo chenjezo mwamsanga mzinga, kuchititsa woyamba kuponya chachikulu chimakhala mabvuto. mbali zonse apanga mivi njira, kupereka kungakupatseni kubwezera choipa kuponya ngakhale vuto la chiwonongeko cha dongosolo ulamuliro, ndi kuchuluka kwa arsenals nyukiliya amalola angapo kuwononga moyo wonse pa dziko.

Lero, pamene Cold nkhondo pa, chitetezo vuto dziko amakhalabe pachimake, ndi ballistic mzinga, tsoka, akadali zofunika. Mbiri ya makono chikusonyeza kuti mayiko ndi chuma chachikulu zachilengedwe sangathe kudziteteza, tidalamula kuti tsoka ndi chisoni. Russia akupitiriza bwino ndi kulimbikitsa chikopa chawo nyukiliya.

Mwachizolowezi ballistic chida ntchentche pamodzi anakonzeratu parabolic njira yodutsamo, tingathe kuwerengera njira ndi Mwina mkulu, choncho pali kuthekera kuononga sing'anga pa malowedwe athu kwa cholinga. "Topol M" sasamalira mdani Nkosatheka kuyembekezera bwino, ndi wokhoza kudutsa mzinga chitetezo mu ndege kuzemba kuti sangathe anaoneratu, kenako wogona yatsopano Inde nkhondo.