Chinthu chachikulu cha malo a ulimi. malo zinthu kupanga: tebulo

Kutumizidwa kupanga n'kofunika ndipo amafuna kupenda mosamala. mfundo ndi yakuti aliyense makampani kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. zachuma ntchito - kupeza kopindulitsa kwambiri ntchito chitukuko malo kupanga anali yosafuna zambiri.

ndi chinthu cha malo kupanga Kodi

Yogawa m'zigawozo mafakitale anatsimikiza ndi kukopa kuphatikiza zinthu zambiri. Awo magawanidwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe zimachitika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwayika mabizinezi mafakitale. lathu ili okhudza malo zimadalira chitetezo cha dziko kapena zigawo zake zachilengedwe, anthu oti, chuma, mlingo wa sayansi, sayansi ndi chuma chitukuko cha deralo, zofunikira zilipo ndi zinthu zakale za gawolo.

Mu zachuma, pali kutanthauzira angapo maganizo "chinthu cha malo a ulimi." Asayansi ena mfundo kutanthauza chuma ndi Nzofunikira kwa kupanga mtundu winawake wa mankhwala, akonzedwa amene chimasiyana m'madera osiyana m'mayiko ambiri. Ena amanena kuti zinthu zokolola anawagawa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi ndalama za misonkho (likulu, mgwirizano wa mayiko, kukopa anthu, ntchito makampani akuluakulu).

Pantchito yaikulu ya kufalitsa mphamvu lokhalamo

Location kupanga zikuchitika pa malamulo, amene ali azimuth kuvumbulutsidwa mu ogwira analamula.

chito izi amati:

• ogwira Kusinthaku kuti kodi kuonetsetsa ntchito kothandiza kwambiri chuma;
• kuli kulumikiza pafupi pakati pa malo a ulimi ndi mlingo wa chuma m'chigawo;
• ndi kudalira wa kampani pa specialization wa ogwira ntchito wamba;
• kufufuza chitukuko Integrated ubale zachuma m'chigawochi.

Kupenda zinthu kupanga Kusinthaku

Kuwayika ogwira ntchito ndi ovuta nchito zake. Ndi mtundu wa phindu zachuma, chifukwa cha zomwe akuwonetseredwa mu kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga ndi malonda ake.

Ndi chofunika kuti ayambe kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane wodziwitsa mtengo ofotokoza za zinthu zimene zimakhudza malo kupanga kusankha yabwino kwambiri chomera malo. Choncho, m'pofunika kuwerengera zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Mtengo wa lendi kapena kugula dziko.
2. Mtengo wa katundu atathana - zida, magalimoto, nyumba.
3. Mtengo kwa zipangizo.
4. Mtengo wa ntchito.
5. ndalama zoyendera.
6. The chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole.
7. Depreciation wa chuma lokhazikika.

Mitundu awa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka ndalama kupanga kwambiri monga zimakhudza mtengo wa zipangizo, ntchito zamtengatenga ndi mafuta.

gulu la zinthu

Malinga ndi ntchito anachita ndi zinthu kusiyanitsa malo kupanga:

1. Natural - mlingo wa chitetezo cha chuma dera achibadwa; nyengo orographic, miyala ndi zinthu zina.
2. Umoyo-zaziwerengero - kupezeka kwa ntchito ndi boma la zomangamanga chikhalidwe.
3. Scientific ndi luso - mlingo wa zida luso ndi luso la zopangapanga dera.
4. Economic - kukula kwa maukonde zoyendera udindo Hrs a m'derali, nthawi yomanga, kuchuluka kwa likulu ndi mankhwala ndalama.
5. Zachilengedwe - Luso lopeka zinthu yabwino kwa ntchito ndi zikhalidwe za anthu wamba, mlingo wa magwiritsidwe wa katundu achilengedwe popanda kuwononga chilengedwe wamoyo.

Lililonse makampani waika chake zinthu zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu mayikidwe a mafakitale luso lopanga - wa sayansi ndi luso maziko, mgwirizano, specialization ndi kupezeka kwa chuma ntchito.

Akatswiri kusanthula mowa gwelo la m'mbali zonse za chuma ndi kuwunika kwa pati kukhudza bwanji zinthu zazikulu za kupanga malo. Tebulo chikusonyeza kudalira pa mafakitale zikuluzikulu za chuma zosiyanasiyana.

Mavoti lonse: 0 - ziribe mphamvu; 1 - kwenikweni; 2 - mkulu potency; 3 - Chinthu n'chofunikira mwachangu.

Mwa kuchuluka kwa mfundo Tingaone ngati osiyana Boma la chuma anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo kupanga malo. Tebulo zikusonyeza kudalira amphamvu a makampani kuwala kwa malo ogula, kupanga malonda ndi thandizo ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu zinthu, ndi ukachenjede wa angathe ntchito derali. The kwambiri anayamba dziko ndi, ndi apamwamba gawo mafakitale kuti amakonda ogula. Choncho, tingathe kulankhula za kachitidwe padziko lonse kuwonjezeka chikoka ogula china.

zinthu zachilengedwe

zinthu Natural kulimbikitsa malo kupanga akhala yotchulidwa magawo oyambirira a mafakitale. Ndipo okha m'nyengo kusintha sayansi ndi luso, chibwenzi chayamba kuchepa pang'ono. Koma kwa makampani extractive, gulu limeneli zinthu zazikulu.

zosiyanasiyana ndiponso maiwe zachilengedwe ali pafupifupi ndi chisoni chachikulu, chotero makampani migodi ayamba kusamukira ku malo atsopano chitukuko, zomwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta ndi yodziwika ndi zinthu monyanyira. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta ndi gasi pa nyanja ndi Magombe. Komabe, chitukuko ndi masuku pamutu wa madipoziti latsopano zachilengedwe amafuna yokulirapo likulu ndalama ndi loyang'anizana kuwonongeka kwa malo.

Umoyo-zaziwerengero chinthu mu malo yopanga

zinthu umoyo-zaziwerengero monga anthu, boma la zomangamanga chikhalidwe, khalidwe la kusanthula ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito.

Chinthu ntchito Akuti ntchito ndalama nthawi pa unit wa mankhwala chopangidwa. Yerekezerani ntchito zizindikiro za malipiro ndi mtengo wa chotsirizidwa. Pali magulu atatu a ndalama kupanga ntchito:

• vysokotrudoemkie - kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito anthu kupanga muyezo waung'ono kupanga (kupanga ma TV ndi zamagetsi, zovala, makina zipangizo);
• srednetrudoemkie - za chiŵerengero chomwecho kwa ndalama zina ntchito (mankhwala ndi malonda kuwala);
• ntchito - osachepera ntchito athandizira wantchito pa unit wa linanena bungwe (makampani mphamvu, zitsulo).

Scientific chinthu kupanga malo

Mu nyengo kusintha sayansi ndi luso, chinthu ichi anathandizapo pa gulu osiyana chifukwa cha zochita zake kwambiri kufalitsa kupanga. Izi kwenikweni amatanthauza mafakitale zina zamakono, amene makamaka anaikira m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu France ambiri ndodo kafukufuku ntchito ku Paris, ku Japan - mu Tokyo. Mayiko ena analenga lonse "mzinda wa sayansi", okhazikika mu maphunziro osiyanasiyana.

M'zaka za mofulumira sayansi ndi luso chitukuko, mitundu yatsopano ya dera lawo kutanthauzira wa sayansi - m'mapaki luso ndi zazitsulo. Choyamba, iwo atayamba US (pakachitsulo Valley), kenako anasamukira ku Ulaya, Asia ndi mayiko ena.

Technopark - polumikiza Makampani kafukufuku amene angapeze padziko lalikulu choyezera, anayambitsa kapena yunivesite. Cholinga cha paki izi kufupikitsa nthawi ya kukhazikitsa ntchito mfundo za sayansi.

Technopolis - mwapadera analenga asayansi amene chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano nzeru, kuphunzitsa ogwira oyenerera ndi chitukuko cha chidziwitso-tima mafakitale. Technopolis ndi woyambitsa wa Japan, koma posakhalitsa lingaliro anatengedwa mmwamba ndi maiko ena.

Kupanga zachuma chinthu malo

tikukumana msika amafuna kuganizira zinthu chuma posankha ogwira kutanthauzira: zikhalidwe za ndalama ndi misonkho, kupezeka kwa zipangizo kupanga ndi zomangamanga. Chifukwa cha ubwino ndalama mizinda ndi mayiko padziko lonse Alimbikitsa chuma chawo (Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea South). Tsopano, chinthu ichi kuli ndi ubwino pa chitukuko cha ulimi mu Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic.

Pali komanso zachuma chinthu gulu zikuphatikizapo zaumisiri a m'dera lanu kuthekera kukopa likulu ndalama ndi malo Hrs, kugwirizana zoyendera ndi asapita zachuma ndi zigawo zazikulu ndi mayiko ntchito padziko lonse. Amaona wamphamvu kwambiri chinthu mu malo a magalimoto kupanga. Popeza ndalama zoyendera, kampani amamuchititsa kukhala magwero a zipangizo kapena ogula. Ngati mtengo wa mafuta komanso chuma ndi osakwana mtengo wa mankhwala kusasanyiwa, kupanga akhoza ili pa mtunda lalikulu zipangizo zopangira. Pankhani anyamata, kwa ogwira ntchito malo ayenera kusankhidwa pafupi chuma, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera.

zinthu gulu Environmental

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka lakuthwa kupanga dziko amakampani zambiri kuganizira zinthu zachilengedwe okhudza kufalitsa kupanga. Rapid zaumisiri, mlingo kukula kwa m'zigawo zachilengedwe pamlingo waukulu adakula katundu pa chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'madera ena, mavuto a zachilengedwe, zomwe pa mphindi iliyonse kungayambitse masoka achilengedwe.

The mafakitale ambiri akumane monga mankhwala, simenti, zitsulo, mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndipo ena. makampani malawi m'mafakitale izi amafuna njira zovuta kuzimvetsa.