PT 76 amphibious thanki: kufotokoza, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Isanayambe nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu Soviet Union zinachitikiranso kwambiri polenga akuyandama magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Mu chaka cha forte loyamba la Red Army anali zombo waukulu wa njira ngati Komabe, pa ntchito nkhondowo ambiri nthawi ya asilikali anawononga mdani. The zina za makina mwachionekere si zogwirizana ndi zolinga za boma ndipo sanathe zokwanira kulimbikitsa nkhondo. PT 76 nyemba - akuyandama akasinja, amene anali kutuluka kwa siriyo ndi kusintha kwa zaka pambuyo nkhondo. Pa maziko ake adzamasulidwa ndi kuwasintha pang'ono. Taganizirani makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a amphibian lapansi.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Amphibious thanki PT 76 zinakonzedwa akonzekeretse ndi Cannon likungosonyeza 76 mm. Ziyenera kukhala waluso magalimoto olimba malo yolimbanirana ndi kutha kusamukira ku zida makumi awiri airborne. Development wa umisiri mamangidwe amasinthira analamulira shipbuilding zomera Nizhny Novgorod ( "Red Sormovo").

Anthu awiri oyambirira a prototypes anapangidwa mu 1948. Mwatsoka, chitsanzo kodi si zoyenera, kenako chitukuko anatenga Institute of Engineering Transport ku St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Manufactures tsopano anaikidwa Stalingrad zoyendera mbewu. kasamalidwe Cacikulu polojekiti ikuchitika Zh. Ya. Kotin. Pa nthawi ina, pansi pa utsogoleri wake analenga katundu kudziletsa injini zida zankhondo. Paudindo kutsogolera mlengi anapanga Shamshurin NF

Polojekiti yatsopanoyi walandira index 740. Koma pofika m'chilimwe cha 1950 anamasulidwa ndi zinachitika. Mu aakulu mayeso latsopano nkhondowo galimoto pamutu amene anaposa mpikisano ake (K-90 ku Moscow opanga), wadutsa bwinobwino mavuto onse. Mu August 1951, chinthu dzina lake "amphibious thanki PT 76" ndipo anavomerezedwa.

mbali Design

Akuti makina ankhondo ali mawonekedwe chakale, amanena kuti gulu la mosavuta. Oti muli nazo zida Corps ali zipinda zitatu:

1. kasamalidwe dipatimenti, kuyikidwa mu uta.
2. Kulimbana chipinda ankakhala mu mzinda wa thupi, okonzeka ndi conical nsanja kasinthidwe.
3. The paketi mphamvu pa kumbuyo kwa nyumba ya. Pali injini dizilo ndi awiri Jets madzi (yoyamba pamaziko a njira imeneyi).

Kupanga siriyo galimoto anayamba kale mu 1951. Kupanga mpaka 1967 ndi payipi okwana anatsika makope zikwi zinayi. Mu 1967, zida anachotsedwa ntchito.

PT 76 thanki: Features

Zotsatirazi ndi mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso dongosolo:

• Mankhwala gulu - akuyandama thanki.
• Yopanga chaka - 1951.
• Adalira - amuna atatu.
• Dera dongosolo - tingachipeze powerenga.
• Kutalika / m'lifupi / kutalika - 6,91 / 3,18 / 2,19 m.
• zida makulidwe - 5 mpaka 13 mm, malingana ndi udindo (mphuno, kumbuyo pansi, nsanja).
• Base - mamita 4,08.
• Track - 2,74 mm.
• The lumen pa msewu - 37 cm.
• Kusungitsa Mtundu - adagulung'undisa homogenous zitsulo mphamvu apamwamba.
• Armament - rifled mfuti likungosonyeza 76 mamilimita makina mfuti SGMT 7,62 mm.
• Kuwombera osiyanasiyana - mpaka 12 Km.
• kutayipa pamaso - telescopic mtundu TSHK-66.
• Magetsi - injini dizilo V-6 kubala 240 ndiyamphamvu.
• liwiro index (pazipita) - 44 Km / h pa dziko, 10,2 km / h - wolimba.
• Kulemera - matani 14.
• Ngalande - 2.8 m.
• Ikuthamanga mtanda dziko / wolimba - 210/70 Km.
• Kuyimitsidwa - payekha torsion mtundu.
• Specific mphamvu - 17,1 malita. s / m.

Zimasintha kuonetsetsa ndi kulankhulana

Opepuka akuyandama FET-thanki 76 ndi zida ndi zipangizo atatu periscopic amene anakonza mu onsewo mtsogoleri turret. Mindandanda yamasewera ndi wokwera mwamphamvu kupereka mwachidule zabwino za gawo m'malo yopapatiza.

Zipangizo ndi fivefold kuwonjezeka munda wa maganizo ndi madigiri 7.5 wa kaja. M'mbali mwakemu muli periscopes TNP ndi magnification umodzi. Nawuza kwa malo kuonera akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi yokha umodzi makina chipangizo kuonjezera MK-4. Malowa ali pamtunda kutsogolo kwa zimaswa padenga la nsanjayo.

Zikhalidwe si nkhondowo, woyendetsa Wosunga mtunda mwa zimaswa lotseguka. Mu zikhalidwe nkhondowo kwa review mitundu itatu chipangizo cha katundu ogula. Kuugwira makina mu zikhalidwe za aone osauka kapena usiku anapereka binocular usiku m'masomphenya TVN-2B. Pamafunikanso ndi fyuluta infuraredi, zamagetsi stuffing ndi Optics. Distance masomphenya ndi 60 mamita, mmene mbali ndi madigiri zosakwana 30.

PT 76 thanki: malongosoledwe a injini ndi galimotoyo

Ndi lalikulu mphamvu wagawo pansi kulingalira ndi modernized galimoto amphibian thanki T-34. Kufala amadziwikanso Anabwereka chitsanzo. liwiro labwino ndi maneuverability pa madzi abwino kupereka Jets madzi. Ndi zinthu izi amphibious thanki PT 76 angathe popanda vuto kuthetsa amatunga, inamera tchire.

Iwo amatchuka zochepa kuthamanga nsapato pansi, amatsimikizira zosavuta makina mphambano kwambiri madambo. Amphibious nkhondowo anayamba yaying'ono ndi zosavuta kusamalira, komanso analandira hayidiroliki absorbers anakhumudwa kucheza ndi munthu torsion bala kuyimitsidwa. mfundo izi kupereka bwino njira smoothness ndi kuchuluka ikuthamanga kwambiri. The akuyandama thanki PT 76 C 60 okonzeka ndi dongosolo NBC chitetezo, zozimitsira nyale basi moto. Technology watsimikizira kukhala kwambiri mu yokakamiza akulowera osiyanasiyana makilomita mpaka 500.

zosintha

Pamaziko a kuganizira za makina anamasulidwa ndi kuwasintha pang'ono. Pakati pawo:

1. Lachitsanzo ndi 76 mamilimita mfuti D-56TM ndi awiri m'chipinda kuipanikiza ananyema. Komanso, iye ali ndi kicker, wailesi mkati, usiku m'masomphenya, matenthedwe protivodymovoe chipangizo. Kutalika kwa nyumba ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 13 millimeters. Chaka kusintha - 1957.
2. Modernized thanki PT-76B adzamasulidwa mu 1959. Izo zili ndi chida biplanar D-56TS, ndi wosasunthika chipangizo STF-2P, mpweya unsembe ndi zosefera. Mu Baibulo kenako waikidwa giropolukompas.
3. Mu 1967, thanki waikidwa pansi kulingalira kusinthitsa ndalama PKT mfuti ya makina, intakomu dongosolo P-123. Galimoto mu msonkhano mu Intelligence Corps ndi sitima Corps.
4. Pamaziko a PT 76 analenga oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira launchers BTR 50 kachitidwe chida "Luna", ndiye ndondomeko chigawo cha kuchotseratu mabomba Uri-67.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Woyamba lalikulu lankhondo zipolowe PT 76 kunachitika mu March 69, chaka Vietnam. A gulu la galimoto khumi ndi oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula anaukira m'munsi American pa Ben Het kuwononga batire mfuti. Mutu wa PT 76 mufika anga, koma adalira si mu dongosolo ndipo anapitiriza moto. Magalimoto otsala adalowa kukumana ndi platoon a "Patton" ndi awiri odana ndege makina kudziletsa injini. zomvetsa anavutika mbali zonse, koma kuukira sanapitirize pambuyo pa imfa ya akasinja awiri oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira.

M'chaka cha chaka 65th, India anatembenukira kwa USSR thandizo kupereka chitetezo ndi zotheka nkhondo ya Pakistan. achule, mtanda loyamba la India analandira 65 TH chilimwe. Total m'dzikolo regiments awiri makina amenewa okwana makope pafupifupi 90.

Mu September 1965 PT 76 timu monga mbali ya chiwiri Regiment wa Pakistanis Indian makina analanda anaukira m'mudzi. Chifukwa cha mdani anatha kumenya kunja, kutaya thanki imodzi ndi dzanja lake. Pa Nkhondo India anataya za kampani PT 76, ena amene anagwidwa ndi Pakistan Army.

Kutengapo mbali m'nkhondo zina mu nkhondo

Pakati pa mikangano wotchuka yokhudza kuganizira za makina ndi izi nkhondo:

• Nkhondo ya pakati India ndi Pakistan mu 1971. masiku khumi ndi anai a nkhondoyo zinawonongedwa kapena kuonongeka 13 PT 76 akasinja, ndi Pakistanis ataya makina awo onse katundu. Icho chinali chimodzi cha zopereka chachikuru chigonjetso.
• Nkhondo ya 1967 (Six Tsiku) pakati Egypt ndi Israel. Aigupto nkhokwe anali anafufuza magalimoto 29. Komabe, akhala ntchito zina. Chifukwa, mayunitsi awiri anawononga 7 - otayika. zitsanzo mpikisano izrailtsy redesigned ndipo anaika iwo manja American.
• The Yom Kippur nkhondo mu 1973. Iwo anali nawo pa PT 76 pa gawo la Iguputo, ndi Israel.
• Komanso, galimoto nawo nkhondo Yugoslavia ndi atasemphana ku Chechnya.

Kumapeto kwa

Tsopano kuwala amphibious thanki PT 76 ndi BTR 50 - waukulu ndi zosafunika "amayandama". Mu USSR iwo anatengedwa kuchokera mu msonkhano mu 1967. Komabe amene anapuma pantchito makina kuti zinatchuka mu Middle East ndipo mwachangu ntchito. Chifukwa nthawi yake, njira imeneyi anasankha moyo wabwino kwambiri, pa mtunda ndi pa madzi.

Kuwala akasinja amphibious mwachangu zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko Warsaw ke, komanso African ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa mayiko ambiri ovomereza-Soviet. Trophy magalimoto Igupto anali modernized ndi akatswiri a ku Israel, ndipo China anamasulidwa analogi yake pansi chizindikiro "Mtundu 63".