"Grad" dongosolo - kumwamba ukali

angapo Launch roketi dongosolo "Grad" amadziwika ngakhale anthu amene ali ndi zida ndi zida za nkhondo si chidwi. Ndi wolowa nyumba mwachindunji ulemerero ankhondo a m'nthano "Katyusha", munali m'mene a nyengo yatsopano ya chitukuko cha machitidwe zida zankhondo, ophatikizapo wofunikila ntchito makhalidwe onse chibadidwe ndi wotsatira mibadwo MLRS: kukula yaing'ono, mkulu sayenda, anadabwa ndi luso ananyoza umodzi kugunda mipherezero angapo malo aakulu kwambiri .

Kuchokera salvo yoyambirira "Katyusha", kuchokera m'zimene Nthaka yokha anauka pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndi khamu lopondereza kubwera mu mkhalidwe mantha, ndi lero zoweta roketi launchers ali wopambana mu dziko. Dongosolo "Grad" analowa utumiki mu tsopano kutali 1963, m'malo mwa "Katyusha" ndipo anakhala mtundu zofunika zida mzinga wa Soviet Army. Kwa zaka zambiri, dongosolo zotakasika sakudziwa ofanana pakati pa mitundu chimodzimodzi chida yachilendo.

Kuika "Grad", chitukuko imene kuvomelezedwa ndi lamulo wapadera wa boma mu 1960, anali pulani choyambirira zochokera wachibadidwe latsopano, simunayambe ntchito njira zomangamanga. PHUNZITSANI MRL chinkhoswe NII 47, kutsogozedwa ndi luso chida mlengi AN Gognichevym. "Grad" dongosolo udaikidwa m'malo ndi achikale chida dongosolo BM 14.

Monga zida ntchito kukhazikitsa 122 mm projectiles mkulu-zachiwawa mtundu M-21 PF. Dongosolo "Grad" cholinga chake chinali kupondereza m'madera a ndende ya asilikali mdani ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, zida zankhondo ndi matope mabatire, mayunitsi mmene kukumana, chitetezo bunker, ndipo mfundo nodal thandizo. Ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa makhazikitsidwe awa zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kufunika kulenga mtundu wogwira mtima zida nthawi inalamula ndi atasemphana yomangika pakati pa ndale ndi kuipa "nkhondo ozizira."

Dongosolo "Grad" imakhala Launcher wokwera pa tsinde la galimoto Ural-375, limagwirira moto kulamulira ndi magalimoto wapadera yonyamula zida ndi kulipiritsa. zosintha pambuyo koyilo ntchito galimoto yapamwamba mtanda Ural-4320. Liwiro la kayendedwe ka miyala iyi ndi kuti 90 Km / h, amene amathandiza sayenda kwambiri mkulu ndi maneuverability.

Dongosolo amakono a "Grad" ali okonzeka ndi zodziwikiratu choyambitsa wapadera "Vivarium" zovuta. Ndi moto unguided 122 mm projectiles. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malo zolinga ndi chikhalidwe cha kompyuta processing, chomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya batire lonse. Ndi malembedwe aantchito unsembe umabala ananyoza masekondi makumi awiri, ndi cooldown mphindi zisanu zokha. Kugonjera kwa zipolopolo ikuchitika a nsanja nawuza kulengedwa wapadera. Ndodo zipolopolo pa batire tichipeza volleys atatu. Izi chikukwanira kwambiri kuwononga cholinga chilichonse.

Warhead MRL "Grad" amene cholinga - ndi zokwana malangizo chiyambi tichipeza makumi tubular kalozera kutalika 3 mamita ndi mbiya inabala awiri wofanana 122,4 mamilimita .. Cham'mbali ndi ofukula aiming ndi projectile anapanga wapadera wamphamvu galimoto magetsi.

Systems "Grad" asonyeza pankhondo Afghanstan mu nkhondo Karabakh ndi yokopa awiri Chechen. dongosolo zida ndi yaikulu otchuka pafupifupi m'mayiko onse Arab ndi African kumene nkhondo yapachiweniweni zambiri aulesi ndi okhazikika khalidwe.