Mantha dongosolo parasympathetic

The ziwalo za thupi (monga mtima, m'mimba, matumbo) akulamuliridwa ndi mbali ya dongosolo zotumphukira mantha, kudziwika monga dongosolo autonomic mantha (Afilipi). ife samazindikira zinthu kwambiri, mmene Turo, iyi ndi njira musanaganizire. Mwachitsanzo, sitingathe kuona ntchito ziwiya magazi komanso kulimbikitsa kugunda kwa mtima. Ngakhale ntchito zambiri reflexive autonomic, ena mwa iwo anthu angathe kulamulira bwino, koma pamlingo winawake. kumeza ichi, chilakolako chogonana kugonana ndi kupuma.

Kupereka homeostasis, autonomic (kapena vegetative) mantha dongosolo Nkofunika kusankha njira khalidwe komanso zochita olamulidwa ndi ubongo. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi kuti tifulumizane nkhawa ndipo amafuna ife kuti maganizo a magulu mkati polimbana ziriri pano komanso ulesi zinthu abwino kuchira ndi zina.

Afilipi imakhala m'magulu atatu:

- chifundo mantha dongosolo (SNS);

- pa parasympathetic mantha dongosolo (PNS);

- enteric mantha dongosolo (meshwork ulusi mitsempha, omwe ali ziwalo zambiri ndipo amene angathe kuonedwa ngati chigawo chachitatu cha autonomic mantha dongosolo).

Mantha dongosolo wachifundo amachita ngati mkhalapakati pa mmene kugwirizana ndi mavuto, ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo mtima ndi kuonjezera magazi. Iwo amaonetsetsa kuti thupi mavuto kapena zoopsa wokonzeka kuchita mwamsanga. Izi limafanana ndi Agiriki reciprocal kumverera "nkhondo kapena ndege" mkhalapakati ndi awiri mankhwala amithenga chachikulu - Epinephrine (zikuwonjezereka masiku ano) ndi norepinephrine. Pachifukwa ichi, SNA amatchedwa "ntchito mitsempha."

Mantha dongosolo parasympathetic, Komano, ndi "chete" mbali ya Turo ndi. Iwo imatchedwanso "kuletsa mitsempha." Ngakhale chifundo mantha dongosolo amakonzekera thupi mavuto, ndi NTC ndi "ku overcharging" mphamvu ndi kuchira. Zimathandiza zochita zimene zimachitika pamene thupi pa zina, makamaka pa chakudya, naps, chilakolako chogonana kugonana.

Koma chifundo ndi parasympathetic magulu a Turo pamene zikugwira ntchito ndi mnzake, si zotsutsana. M'malo mwake, ndi kuipidwa wa inakula, kupanga bwino mthupi lathu. Pakati pa ankachita izi zazikulu magulu alipo amene malamulo ndi amithenga chachiwiri (ndende ndi cGMP). Mwachitsanzo, pamene mtima amalandira kukondoweza ubongo ku NTC, ndi kugunda kubweza pansi, ndi mosemphanitsa, pamene mtima amalandira kukondoweza ubongo wa manyuroni SNA, kuchuluka kugunda kwa mtima.

Wachifundo kutsegula akhoza ziletsa kutsegula kwa parasympathetic presynaptic. Mofananamo, parasympathetic mantha dongosolo zochitika pa chopinga presynaptic wa wachifundo magalimoto mitsempha.

Ntchito za autonomic mantha dongosolo bwino n'kofunika kwambiri. Ngati inu akuphwanya zimachitika pakati pa "mitsempha ntchito" ndi "mitsempha bata" pali zofooka, motero kunyengerera khalidwe la moyo.

Choncho, SNS overstimulation kungabweretse mavuto monga nkhawa, matenda oopsa ndi zipolowe m'mimba. PNS overstimulation akhoza kungachepetse kuthamanga ndi maganizo kutopa.

The parasympathetic mantha dongosolo, komanso chifundo, si anaikira m'dera lina, ndipo anagawira kumbali lalikulu. PNS malo autonomic ili mu tsinde ubongo ndi dera la sacral msana. Mu medulla misempha cranial, VII awiri, IX ndi X nthunzi nthunzi aumbike preganglionic ulusi parasympathetic. Kuyambira medulla kapena msana ulusi preganglionic (yaitali) anawamvera cha ganglia kuti zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chandamale limba, ndipo zimapangitsa synapse. Synapse akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wotchedwa acetylcholine. M'dera lino kuchokera ganglion ulusi postganglionic (lalifupi) ndi ntchito mwachindunji pa chandamale limba, ntchito monga acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine amachita pa mitundu iwiri ya maselo cholinergic: nicotinic ndi muscarinic (kapena acetylcholine maselo). Ngakhale parasympathetic mantha dongosolo amagwiritsa acetylcholine (monga mtundu a), petidy (cholecystokinin) angathe kuchita ntchito imeneyi.