Ndulu: Ntchito covert ndi zoonekera

Ziribe kanthu momwe analowa sayansi mankhwala kuyambira nthawi ya Hippocrates, Paracelsus ndi Galen, koma pali chinsinsi Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu kuti munthu mwini sanamvetse mpaka kumapeto. Sikuti kumayambitsa matenda ena ndi njira ya chithandizo, koma ngakhale mapeto a ziwalo zina akadali asanamvetsetse. Ndi kuti nkhawa ndulu - ntchito zake anafotokozedwa, koma makamaka iwo lingafanane ndi matupi ena, ndipo bwinobwino zimene exclusivity ake. Koma chachikulu chinsinsi - chifukwa kuchotsa ndulu ndi zotsatira kochepa pa mkhalidwe wonse wa thupi ndipo sayambitsa aliyense kusintha kwakukulu zinchito. Kwenikweni, monga zinachitikira zakumapeto zambiri wotchuka, chikhalidwe alola mbulanda?

Osati aliyense akudziwa kumene ndulu. Ambiri, n'zosadabwitsa - chiwindi ndi wamfupi, akulemera magalamu 150-200 ndipo kubisala pansi pa nthiti, pafupi ndi impso lamanzere, ndipo pamwamba chabe m'mimba. flattened chowulungika mawonekedwe ake izo zikuwoneka ngati khutu. Wokhala mwakachetechete, apo akhoza kudzikumbutsa Mwachitsanzo, pa masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri (mu Zikatero, anati: "ekaet ndulu"). Ntchito yake kwathunthu si bwino, ndipo ngati ena ziwalo nthawi timamva Kupenda ngakhale njira ndi dokotala, osanenapo Kafukufuku mozama, ndi lien ndi "chifanizo cha chete." Iye, poyamba nazo matenda osowa ndithu, koma zotupa sekondale zimachitika kawirikawiri kuposa anansi ena mwa thupi la munthu.

zosamvetsetseka thunthu la ndulu ya - ngakhale zikuoneka kuti sizimawoneka ngati chiwalo zovuta, koma wapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu. Chimaoneka ali ndi kapisozi minofu wandiweyani, ndipo mkati ndi zamkati, amatchedwa zamkati, amene delimited ndi ofiira ndi oyera. Red zamkati wodzazidwa ndi maselo a mwazi, ndi woyera ndi minofu lymphoid. Ndipo pakati pawo pali otchedwa mmphepete zone, imene maselo zosalongosoka ndi anadzadza ndipo anasonkhana macrophages udindo chitetezo antibacterial.

Ichi apa ndi nkhani zachinsinsi za ndulu mwachinsinsi. Umagwira ntchito monga ndendende akufotokozera eg amenewa. Iwo zinkawachedwetsa kufalitsidwa antigens magazi Zosefera kunja tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, majeremusi ndi zinyalala ndi kubala chitetezo ndi lymphocytes, amatipempherera kuteteza thupi ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Komanso limatanthauzira mu m'magazi, "lotha" maselo magazi ndi "recycles" iwo. Akutumikira monga ndulu ndi magazi accumulator achilendo kumasuka pa imfa pachimake magazi ndi chitsulo kuti apange hemoglobin.

N'chifukwa chiyani m'thupi la munthu si kuwawa anthu milandu kumene, mankhwala iye anachotsa ndulu? Ntchito ya kudzachitika ake pa mfundo za lymph ndipo, akuvomereza, ndi zabwino kwambiri pa iwo.

Choncho kwenikweni pomwe anali akale madokotala, mpikisanowo, othamanga amachotsa ndulu, kuti "ekala" ndipo sanaletse iwo kupambana n'kukhutira? madokotala amakono amanena kuti akapolo anzawo akale Pankhaniyi akadali otentha. Komanso kwambiri N'zokayikitsa kuti kusapezeka kwa ndulu imene ingakhudze liwiro athamanga, momwemonso munthu kuchotsa thupi ili angapo imachepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Komabe, matupi zambiri nawo kusefera magazi ndi kutaya adani thupi ambiri - bwino. Choncho anayamba masiku ano kuchotsa pokha pokha kuvulazidwa, koma ena matenda enieni magazi. Ndipo zimene zikukhudzana mwachindunji ku matenda ndulu, izo infarction - ochepa chabe chowawa njira imene thupi akuchira zambiri paokha. A matenda sekondale, kumene monga ife otchulidwa, umamumvera lien ndi anachitira ndi matenda akuluakulu.