Mtima mavavu: kufotokoza, kapangidwe, ntchito ndi zilema

Mtima mavavu - mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mtima wa munthu. Konzani ntchito zawo amapereka osati ntchito ya dongosolo mtima, komanso lonse chamoyo. Pachifukwa chimenechi nkofunika kwambiri kudziwa mmene mavavu mtima munthu, momwe iwo ntchito bwanji kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda valvular.

mtima anthu

Mtima wa munthu ndi minofu dzenje. Iwo aumbike mwa zipinda zinayi: lamanzere ndi atrium lamanja, lamanja ndi lamanzere ventricle. The atria kuti ventricles ophatikizana phiko kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke. The mtima mungoli yafupika, ndi mbali magazi akubwera kuchokera atria kuti ventricles lapansi. mavavu Semilunar kugwirizana ventricles ndi mitsempha ya magazi kudzera magazi n'kuthamangitsidwa mtima mu msempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga.

Choncho, umadutsa lamanja chipinda magazi ndi okhutira mkulu mpweya woipa ndi mapapo kwa oxygenation. A magazi m'mapapo kudzera kumanzere kwa mtima imatsogoleredwa kumbuyo mu m'magazi. Kuonetsetsa zonse ikukoka magazi kudzera ziwiya - ntchito yaikulu anachita ndi mtima.

mavavu mtima

chipangizo valavu chofunika mu ndondomeko ya ikukoka magazi. mavavu mtima kulola magazi m'njira yoyenera ndi kuchuluka lamanja. Mavavu - izo makutu a akalowa mkati mwa minofu mtima. mtundu uwu "zitseko" amene anapambana magazi mu njira imodzi ndi kupewa kutengeka ake kumbuyo. mavavu ali kutsegulidwa pa nthawi ya chidule rhythmic a minofu mtima. Total mu mtima wa munthu ali mavavu anayi, awiri phiko kapena awiri semilunar:

1. Bicuspid mitral valavu.
2. Tricuspid tricuspid valavu.
3. Semilunar valavu wa thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. Dzinali ena - m'mapapo mwanga.
4. Semilunar kung'ambika vavu kapena vavu kung'ambika.

mavavu mtima ndi kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa monga kuchepetsa ndi zogwirizana wa atria ndi ventricles. Opaleshoni awo synchronous zimatengera ziwiya m'magazi, kotero mpweya machulukitsidwe wa maselo thupi.

Ntchito vavu zida

Magazi, kumvera ziwiya mu mtima, Akusonkhanitsa mu atrium bwino. клапан. Komanso akuchedwa patsogolo ake tricuspid valavu. Pamene atsegula, magazi akulowa ventricle bwino omwe wachotsedwa mwa vavu m'mapapo mwanga.

Komanso nthenda yotaya magazi kwa mapapo kwa oxygenation, ndipo muzikachokera imatsogoleredwa mu atrium kumanzere kudzera valavu msempha. Mtima mitral vavu zikugwirizana chipinda kumanzere ndi kumabwezera mmbuyo magazi pakati pawo, kulola mwazi anasonkhanitsa. Pambuyo magazi mu ventricle kumanzere ndi wambirimbiri mu kuchuluka Napempha kwa magazi ejected mu msempha kudzera valavu kung'ambika. Kusinthidwa kwa magazi msempha akupitiriza kayendedwe ake kudzera ziwiya, zawachitikira mpweya thupi.

Kudwala kuli nthambi mtima

Jobs valavu ndi zonse magazi kudzera mtima. Ngati kusokonezedwa kayendedwe ka kutsegula ndi kutseka vavu zida, mavavu mtima atsekedwa kapena kuchita lotseguka, zingayambitse zosiyanasiyana matenda aakulu. Iwo amanena kuti pathologies ambiri tili pansi pa mitral ndi mavavu kung'ambika.

zopindika mtima ambiri mwa anthu zaka makumi asanu. Komanso, mtima vavu matenda kungakhale Vuto ku maziko a matenda ena opatsirana. Ana timakhala matenda a zida valavu. Childs, izi malformation kobadwa nako.

The matenda ambiri ndi mtima kulephera ndi stenosis. Pa kulephera vavu atseka mwamphamvu, ndi gawo la magazi amagwanso. Otchedwa stenosis kuchepetsa valavu, mwachitsanzo vavu sanatsegule kwathunthu. Pa mtima wa kudwala izi akukumana zimamuchulukira Nthawi zonse kukankhira magazi amafunika kuchita khama kwambiri.

vavu prolapse

Mtima vavu prolapse - matenda ambiri, amene anatsimikiza ndi dokotala madandaulo a wodwalayo pa wonongeka a dongosolo mtima. Nthawi zambiri matenda umamumvera valavu mitral za mtima. Prolapse kumachitika chifukwa minofu connective chilema, mmene vavu aumbike. The chifukwa cha kupunduka izi si kwathunthu chatsekedwa valavu ndi outflow magazi kumachitika zosiyana.

Angalekanitse pulayimale ndi sekondale vavu prolapse. prolapse chachikulu amatanthauza matenda obadwa nawo, pamene connective zopindika minofu ndi kutengera za kumtundu. prolapse Secondary kumachitika chifukwa choipa ya chifuwa, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction kapena la misempha.

Childs, valavu prolapse sumabala mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi komanso mosavuta ankachitira. Koma nthawi zina, pangakhale mavuto monga arrhythmias (mungoli chisokonezo wa contractions mtima minofu), kulephera ndi ena. Zikatero, chithandizo chofunika mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Insufficiency ndi stenosis ya zida valavu

Chifukwa chachikulu cholephera ndi stenosis ndi enaake ophwanya endocarditis. Beta-hemolytic streptococcus - chifukwa cha yotupa ndondomeko ku nyamakazi, mtima kufika amasintha akuphatikizapo morphological. Chifukwa cha kusintha mu mavavu mtima anayamba ntchito. vavu makoma akhale wamfupi, zomwe zimabweretsa wolephera, kapena kuchepetsa wa valavu orifice (stenosis).

Chifukwa cha matenda enaake ophwanya m'thupi nthawi zambiri mitral insufficiency akuluakulu. Stenosis chapansipansi malungo enaake ophwanya ndi phunziro kwa kung'ambika kapena mitral vavu mtima ana.

Pali chinthu chotero monga "Kulephera wachibale". kudwala Izi zimachitika pamene dongosolo vavu sichinasinthe, koma ntchito yake ndi akusokoneza, ndiko kuti, magazi ali ndi kubwerera ndege. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha luso mkhutu za mtima kutenga yolalikira M'mimbamo za chipinda mtima ndi zina zotero. kulephera mtima komanso kupangidwa ngati vuto la infarction m'mnyewa wamtima, kardiosklerosis, zotupa za minofu mtima.

Chosowa woyenera kuchitira stenosis ndi insufficiency kungayambitse otaya osakwanira magazi, ziwalo za m'kati dystrophy, matenda oopsa.

Zizindikiro vavu matenda

Symptomatology matenda a mtima zimadalira mwamphamvu ndi mmene matenda. Monga matenda kumawonjezera katundu minofu mtima. Malingana ngati mtima kupirira katundu, matenda ndi asymptomatic. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ingakhale monga iyi:

• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• osasamba kugunda;
• pafupipafupi matenda;
• kupweteka pachifuwa.

Mu matenda a mtima zambiri ndikuonetsera kusoweka kwa mpweya, ndi chizungulire. Wodwala anakumana kufooka ndi kutopa. Kobadwa nako prolapse wa valavu mitral amasonyeza ana ululu episodic mu sternum pa nthawi zovuta kapena kupsyinjika. Kuthi prolapse limodzi ndi palpitations mtima, chizungulire, kufupika kwa mpweya, kufooka.

Zizindikiro zimenezi mwina amasonyezanso pa vegetative-mtima dystonia, kung'ambika aneurysm, wolumikizira matenda oopsa ndi matenda ena mtima. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zofunika ndi matenda zolondola, zomwenso zimaonetsa kuti wonongeka aipatsa vavu mtima. Chithandizo cha matenda amadalira pa matenda zolondola.

matenda a matenda

Poyamba chizindikiro cha mtima vavu chilema ayenera mwamsanga kuchipatala. Chikuonetseratu amachititsa dokotala, matenda okhazikika ndi dongosolo la amachita chithandizo ndi yopapatiza katswiri - ndi cardiologist. Dokotala amamva mumtima kudziwa phokoso, kufufuza mbiri ya matenda. Kafukufuku Komanso inkachitikira cardiologist.

Matenda a matenda a mtima ikuchitika ntchito njira malangizo. Echocardiogram phunziro lalikulu pogogoda matenda valavu. Timatha inu kuyeza kukula kwa mtima ndi madipatimenti ake, kudziwa kuyan'anila kuli nthambi ya. An electrocardiogram nkhani kugunda kwa mtima, kuwulula arrhythmia, ischemia, mtima hypertrophy. X-ray mtima limasonyeza kusintha mu mizere ya minofu mtima ndi phindu lake. Matenda a catheterization valvular zofunika. catheter ali anaikapo mu mtsempha ndipo patsogolo mu mtima, kumene amaona zoipazi.

disinfection

mankhwala zikuphatikizapo dongosolo la kukonzekera umalimbana kuchotsa zizindikiro ndi kusintha mu ntchito mtima. Opaleshoni alowererepo umalimbana kusintha mawonekedwe valavu kapena m'malo. Kuchitidwa opaleshoni mawonekedwe, monga ulamuliro, odwala kulekerera bwino kuposa opaleshoni m'malo. Ndiponso, mtima vavu odwala m'malo anali kutumikiridwa anticoagulants, amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo.

Komabe, ngati simungathe kuthetsa chilema valavu, pali kufunika m'malo. Monga prosthesis ntchito makina kapena tizilombo vavu mtima. Mtengo wa prosthesis chimadalira pa dziko chiyambi. ziwalo Russian ndi mtengo kwambiri kunja.

Pa kusankha mtundu wa vavu yokumba anakhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Uwu ndiwo m'badwo wa mtima, pamaso pa matenda ena a dongosolo mtima, komanso mtundu wanji valavu ayenera m'malo.

Mawotchi amadzala yayitali koma amafuna moyo kuvomereza coagulants. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto mu unsembe wa akazi awo aang'ono amene akonza ndi ana m'tsogolo, monga phwando mankhwala awa ali contraindicated pa mimba. Mu nkhani ya m'malo a vavu tricuspid anapereka analili kwachilengedwenso, chifukwa malo valavu mu dongosolo otaya. Nthawi zina, ngati palibe contraindications zina, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kukhazikitsa vavu makina.