Dera la dongosolo la zowalitsa. Miyeso ya dongosolo la zowalitsa

Dzuwa System - dongosolo kakang'ono lonse wa chilengedwe chonse. Komanso, kukula kwake kwa munthu amene mantha: aliyense wa ife okhala pa dziko wachisanu waukulu sangathe ngakhale kuti aone lonse Lapansi. Kukula modzichepetsa nyumba yathu, mwina ankangotsatira pamene inu muyang'ana pa izo kuchokera pawindo spacecraft lapansi. A kumverera ofanana tingafunse pa kusakatula Telescope zochepa chabe "Hubble": The thambo chachikulu ndi dongosolo dzuwa ali mbali yaing'ono zace. Komabe, anali iyeyo tingaphunzire tizidziwe, data ndikuganizira kuti kutanthauzira zodabwitsa kwambiri danga.

ndondomeko chilengedwe

Location wa System Dzuwa, asayansi anatsimikiza ndi umboni umboni, sitingathe kusunga dongosolo mbali ya mlalang'ambawu. chilengedwe chathu chidutswa ili limodzi la manja mwauzimu wa Milky Way. Orion wamanja, dzina lake chifukwa akudutsa pafupi kuwundana eponymous kuti anali mmodzi wa waukulu nthambi manja galactic. Dzuwa lili pafupi kumalire a litayamba, osati kwa pakati: Distance kwa yamasika za 26 zikwi zaka kuwala.

Asayansi amanena kuti malo chidutswa cha chilengedwe chathu ali ndi mwayi mmodzi pamwamba pa wina. Pa Way lonse la System Dzuwa, Mlalang'ambawo ali nyenyezi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha gulu lawo ndi ntchito mogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zimene kumizidwa mu mikono mwauzimu, izo ukuonekera iwo. Komabe, pali waung'ono dera lotchedwa corotation osiyanasiyana komwe liwiro la manja mwauzimu ndi mfundo nyenyezi. Anayikidwa pano thupi dziko si poyera kuti njira chiwawa yeniyeni manja a. Ndi corotation bwalo amatanthauza dzuwa ndi maiko. Zinthu ngati ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zimene zinathandiza kuti zikamera wa moyo padziko lapansi.

Dera la dongosolo la zowalitsa

The lolamulila la mudzi mapulaneti - ndi nyenyezi. Dzina la dongosolo la zowalitsa zikupereka yankho zochuluka kwa funso la chimachititsanso kuwala padziko Lapansi ndi anansi ake. Sun - mbadwo wachitatu wa nyenyezi pakati pa mkombero moyo wake. Kukuwala kwa zaka zoposa biliyoni 4.5. Pafupifupi nambalayi ndi kuzungulira dziko.

Chiwembu cha dongosolo dzuwa lero tichipeza mapulaneti eyiti: Mercury, Venus lapansi, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus ndi Neptune (zimene zinachitika ku Pluto, m'munsimu). Iwo salembedwa m'magulu awiri: mapulaneti lapadziko ndi zimphona mpweya.

"Achibale"

Mtundu woyamba wa mlengalenga, monga dzina lake likunenera, zikuphatikizapo Earth. Kuwonjezera thereto izo a Mercury, Venus ndi Mars. iwo onse ndi zoikika za makhalidwe ofanana. mapulaneti lapadziko zigwirizana makamaka a silicates ndi zitsulo. Iwo yodziwika ndi osalimba mkulu. Iwo onse ndi dongosolo ofanana: yachitsulo pakati wokutidwa ndi kusakanizikana wa faifi tambala silicate chovala, ndi topsheet - makungwa chikukhudza pawiri la pakachitsulo ndi zinthu atakwatirana. A dongosolo ofanana wasweka yekha ndi Mercury. Zing'onozing'ono ndi wapafupi dziko kwa Sun alibe kutumphuka: ndi kuwonongedwa bombardment.

Dziko lalikulu la gulu - ndi Lapansi, kenako Venus, ndiye Mars. Pali dongosolo linalake la dongosolo la zowalitsa: mapulaneti lapadziko amapanga mkati ake ndi anasiyanitsidwa ndi zimphona mpweya wa lamba asteroid.

mapulaneti aakulu

chiwerengero cha zimphona gasi monga Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus ndi Neptune. Onse ndi yokulirapo kuposa zinthu zakuthambo. Zimphona ndi osalimba m'munsi ndi, motsutsana ndi gulu wakale mapulaneti zigwirizana wa hydrogen, helium, amoniya, ndi methane. Mapulaneti akuluakulu kuti monga pamwamba amenewa, amaona kuchepetsa notional malire wosanjikiza m'mlengalenga. zinthu zonse zinayi mofulumira kwambiri atembenuza padziko nguli, ndi mphete ndi makina. Yosangalatsa kwambiri kukula dziko - Jupiter. Iye limodzi ndi nambala yaikulu ya nthambi. Pa nthawi yomweyo mphete chochititsa chidwi kwambiri - Saturn.

Features mpweya chimphona cholukanalukana. Ngati iwo ali kakakulu lapansi, adzakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana. Wongolerani wa hydrogen mwina zokhazo dziko ndi misa mokwanira lalikulu.

mapulaneti nyenyezi yaing'ono

Ndi nthawi zofufuza zomwe dongosolo dzuwa - kalasi 6. Pamene akulu masiku ano anali wokalamba, dziko chithunzi anayang'ana kwa iwo pang'ono mosiyana. Dera la dongosolo la zowalitsa pa nthawi m'gulu mapulaneti naini. Mndandanda yomaliza Pluto. Izo sizinali mpaka 2006, pamene msonkhano IAU (mayiko zakuthambo Union) linavomereza tanthauzo la dziko, ndipo Pluto idaleka kutsatira. Imodzi mwa mfundo iyi: "dziko ndi lalikulu mu kanjira kake." Chisonyezo njira Pluto obstructed ndi zinthu zina choposa okwana kale chinayi dziko ndi kulemera. Mawu akuti "nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko" polima kwa Pluto ndi zinthu zina zingapo.

Pambuyo 2006, matupi onse mu dongosolo la zowalitsa Chifukwa chake m'magulu atatu:

• mapulaneti - zinthu lalikulu zokwanira, anakwanitsa kuchotsa kanjira kake;

• matupi ang'onoang'ono a dongosolo dzuwa (asteroids) - zinthu wokhala ndi kukula kakang'ono kamene iwo sangafikire ya hydrostatic mgwirizano, ndiko kuti, kutenga anamaliza kapena pafupifupi kwa iwo kupanga;

• nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko, agwilitse udindo wapakatikati awiriwa mitundu yapita: akwaniritsa hydrostatic mgwirizano, koma chitakonzedwa kanjira.

Gulu yamasika tsopano mwalamulo tichipeza matupi zisanu: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, ndi Ceres. Yotsirizira amatanthauza lamba asteroid. Makemake, Haumea ndi Pluto wa Kuiper lamba, ndipo Eris - ndi chimbale anabalalika.

asteroid lamba

mtundu A malire pakati pa mapulaneti lapadziko ku ziphona gasi, mu linakhalapo poyera kuti Jupiter. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa dziko yaikulu lamba asteroid angapo mbali. Choncho, fano lake anapereka kuganiza kuti ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa zone spacecraft: chombo akhoza kuonongeka ndi asteroid ndi. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona ndithu: zotsatira za Jupiter anatsogolera chakuti lamba ndi limodzi mwachilungamo ochepa a asteroids. Ndipo thupi kuti amlonge ndi kukula mwachilungamo wodzichepetsa. M'kati kupanga lamba yokoka Jupiter wasokoneza za zili m'njira ya matupi lalikulu malo amene munakhala pano. The kusiyana zonse zomwe zinachititsa kuti maonekedwe a zotsala yaing'ono. A mbali yofunika kwambiri zinyalala mchikakamizo cha Jupiter chomwecho anachotsedwa kunja dongosolo la zowalitsa.

Unyinji onse a matupi amene amapanga Asteroid lamba, ndi wofanana% 4 yokha ya unyinji wa Moon. Iwo zigwirizana makamaka zitsulo ndi miyala. The yaikulu m'dera limeneli ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko Ceres, kenako asteroids Sitimayo inagunda, Vesta, ndi gigi.

Lamba Kuiper

Dera la dongosolo dzuwa zikuphatikizapo wina gawo asezare asteroids. Ndi Kuiper m'Galimoto ili kupitirira kanjira wa Neptune. The zinthu anayikidwa pano, kuphatikizapo Pluto, amatchedwa Trans-Neptunian. Mosiyana asteroids lamba pakati pa Mars ndi Jupiter, iwo wapangidwa ayezi - madzi, ammonia ndi dziko. The Kuiper m'Galimoto nthawi 20 onse kuposa asteroid ndipo ndithu unyinji wochuluka kuposa izo.

Pluto mu dongosolo ake ndi mmene chinthu wa Kuiper lamba. Ndi malo yaikulu ya thupi. Komanso anaika awiri maplaneti ena nyenyezi yaing'ono: Makemake ndi Haumea.

anamwazikana chimbale

Miyeso ya dongosolo la zowalitsa satanthauza Kuiper lamba. Kwake ndi otchedwa anamwazikana chimbale ndi Wonenedwa Oort mtambo. Woyamba overlaps ndi Kuiper lamba, koma icho chimapita zingathandize kwambiri danga. Izi ndi malo amene amabadwa yochepa nthawi comets a dongosolo la zowalitsa. Iwo yodziwika ndi nthawi yozungulira wa pasanathe zaka 200.

Zinthu anamwazikana litayamba, kuphatikizapo nyenyezi monga Kuiper lamba thupi lopangidwa makamaka ayezi.

The Oort mtambo

danga A pamene kuleza nthawi comets ochokera dongosolo dzuwa (ndi nyengo ya zaka zikwi zambiri), wotchedwa Oort mtambo. Pakali pano, palibe umboni mwachindunji linakhalapo. Komabe anaulula zinthu zambiri, kungotchula natsimikiza kungoganizira.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya amakhulupirira kuti malire kunja kwa Oort mtambo amachotsedwa Sun pa mtunda wa 50 100,000 U. zakuthambo. Malinga ndi kukula kwake, kuposa zikwi nthawi Kuiper lamba ndi kuwabalalitsa chimbale pamodzi. Malirewo kunja kwa Oort mtambo, ndipo ankaona kuti malire a dongosolo la zowalitsa. maofesi ili apa ongoyendayenda nyenyezi yapafupi. Chifukwa, iwo anapanga comets zili m'njira yomwe kudutsa m'chigawo chapakati cha dongosolo la zowalitsa.

Kapangidwe wapadera

Pakali pano, dongosolo dzuwa - yekha kudziwika mbali ya malo, kumene ali moyo. Chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira kuthekera pakuwonekera kwake wasinthira kapangidwe ka dongosolo mapulaneti ndi mayikidwe ake mu bwalo corotation. dziko ili mu "zone lokhalamo" pamene dzuwa kumakhala kosavuta zowononga, zikhoza kukhala ngati wakufa monga anansi ake apafupi. Comets Chobwera mu lamba Kuiper, ndi chimbale anamwazikana, ndi Oort mtambo, asteroids lalikulu ukhoza kuononga zinyamazi osati ngakhale mosavuta oipawo wamoyo. Kwa iwo timakhala otetezedwa ndi Jupiter yaikulu, kujambula yokha zinthu zimenezi kapena kusintha kanjira awo.

Pa kafukufuku wa kapangidwe ka dongosolo dzuwa ndi zovuta kutengera anthropocentrism: zikuwoneka ngati chilengedwe anachita zonse yekha anthu akhale n'komwe. Izi mwina sizikhala choncho Komabe, chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu, kuphwanya pang'ono zomwe kungachititse imfa ya zamoyo zonse, molimba kulozetsa kuti maganizo amenewa.