Kufotokozera m'Galimoto asteroids a dongosolo la zowalitsa. asteroids Main m'Galimoto

Kufotokozera za dongosolo dzuwa lili ndi mfundo osati za mapulaneti asanu ndi atatu Pluto, koma nyumba zingapo, kuphatikizapo ambiri matupi dziko. Zikuphatikizapo Kuiper lamba, ndi chimbale anamwazikana, ndi Oort mtambo, komanso lamba asteroid. Yotsirizira ayankhidwa pansipa.

tanthauzo

Mawu akuti "asteroid" anali kusinthidwa ndi William Herschel Wolemba Charlza Berni. mawu chiyambi Greek ndipo limatanthauza 'ngati nyenyezi ". Pogwiritsa ntchito liwu wakhala kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti kuphunzira malo a danga kudzera asteroids zakutali ankaoneka ofanana Star: ankawoneka ngati mfundo mosiyana mapulaneti zomwe zinkafanana ndi mawilo.

Mwaichi, palibe tanthauzo la mawu akuti lero. Waukulu khalidwe mbali ya zinthu asteroid lamba ndi nyumba zofanana - kukula. M'munsi malire a - thupi 50 mamita awiri ang'onoang'ono Space -. Ndi chammwamba. Chapamwamba malire - m'mimba mwake wa pa nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko Ceres, pafupifupi 1000 Km.

Malo ndi zina

Lamba asteroid lagona pakati pa zili m'njira ya Mars ndi Jupiter. Today pali zoposa 600,000 zinthu ake, amene pa 400,000 ndi chiwerengero chawo, kapena ngakhale dzina. Pafupifupi 98% a otsiriza - akutsutsa asteroid lamba kutali ndi dzuwa ndi mtunda wa 2.2 kuti 3.6 Au. The yaikulu pakati pawo - Ceres. Pa msonkhano wa Mac mu 2006, iye pamodzi ndi Pluto ndi mabungwe ena mwapatsidwa udindo wa dziko nyenyezi yaing'ono. Kukula zotsatirazi Vesta, Sitimayo inagunda ndi Giga pamodzi ndi Ceres zimapanga 51% ya kulemera okwana lamba asteroid.

mawonekedwe

Dziko thupi, apanga lamba, kuwonjezera miyeso amakhalabe angapo makhalidwe ofunika. Onsewo ndi zinthu miyala, wagulitsa m'njira zawo mozungulira dzuwa. Kuzipenya wa asteroids anasonyeza kuti, monga ulamuliro, ali osasamba mu mawonekedwe ndi sapota. Images chojambulidwa spacecraft ndi kuuluka kudutsa lamba asteroid ozungulira dzuŵa lathu, kuti anatsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Ofufuza mawonekedwe - zotsatira za ngozi kawirikawiri asteroids ndi mzake ndi zinthu zina.

kapangidwe

Chibwenzi asayansi apeza magulu atatu a asteroids malinga zinthu zazikulu zikuchokera awo:

• mpweya (Maphunziro C);
• silicate (kalasi S) ndi predominance wa pakachitsulo;
• zitsulo (M kalasi).

Nkhani yoyamba kwa pafupifupi 75% ya asteroids onse odziwika. Gawo Komabe, akatswiri ena ali n'losaloleka. Iwo amaona kuti deta zilipo musati bwino kuti chiti chimaposa mu matupi dziko la lamba asteroid.

Mu 2010, gulu la akatswiri a zakuthambo anapanga anapeza chidwi za zikuchokera asteroids. Asayansi apeza padziko Themis mokwanira lalikulu chinthu zone ichi, madzi oundana. The anapezazo akutsimikiza njira zina za amanena kuti mmodzi wa magwero a madzi pa Dziko Lapansi wamng'ono anali asteroids.

Nkhani zina

Mlingo pafupifupi limene akutsutsa dzuŵa malowa ndi 20 km / m. Pankhaniyi, zisinthe mmodzi wa waukulu asteroid lamba amathera atatu zaka zisanu ndi zinayi Earth. Kwa ambiri a iwo yodziwika ndi ndingaliro pang'ono kanjira kuti ndege ecliptic - 5-10º. Komabe, pali zinthu amene njira yodutsamo amapanga ndi dziko lapansi ndege ya kasinthasintha padziko kuwala chinanso ngodya wa ku 70º. Mbali imeneyi inakhala maziko a gulu la asteroids mu subsystems awiri: lathyathyathya ndi ozungulira. Ndingaliro ya zili m'njira ya zinthu za mtundu woyamba ndi zosakwana kapena wolingana 8º, wachiwiri - kuposa phindu mwasankha.

zikamera

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi dera asayansi ambiri takambirana amanena za womwalirayo Phaethon. Mtunda ku Mars kuti Jupiter chidwi kwambiri ndipo pali chikanapitirizidwira kanjira wa kudziko lina. Komabe, maganizo lero imatengedwa achikale. zakuthambo amakono kutsatira lomwe malo, kumene lamba wa asteroids, dziko zimachitika monga sakanakhoza. Chifukwa cha ichi mu Jupiter. The mpweya chimphona ndi itangoyamba oyambirira mapangidwe ake ali ndi zotsatira yokoka Kudera, atagona pafupi ndi dzuwa. Iye anakopeka mbali ya thunthu la zone izi. Osati anagwidwa ndi Jupiter matupi zotayana mu madera osiyana, protoasteroidov kuchuluka liwiro, kuchuluka chiwerengero cha mwansanga. Chifukwa, iwo osati kumangidwa misa ndi buku, koma ngakhale chikuchepa. Mu njira ya kusinthika kotereku mosavuta mapulaneti pakati Jupiter ndi Mars anakhala ziro.

chikoka zonse

Jupiter ndi lero "sasiya yekha" lamba asteroid. yokoka ake amphamvu amachititsa kusintha mu m'mipita ena matupi. Imawalamulira anali otchedwa palibe kupita malo amene pali pafupifupi palibe asteroids. Thupi kuwuluka pano chifukwa kuwombana chinthu china, ndi kukankhira kunja kwa woyendera nthambi. Nthawi zina kanjira zikusintha kuti masamba asteroid lamba.

mphete zina

Waukulu asteroid lamba si yekha. Mphepete ake akunja anayikidwa awiri ofanana maphunziro komabe zochepa chidwi. Mmodzi wa mphete awa lili mwachindunji pa kanjira wa Jupiter ndi ukufanizidwa ndi magulu awiri a zinthu:

• "Agiriki" patsogolo mpweya chimphona pafupifupi 60º;
• "Trojans" kuseri kwa nambalayi madigiri.

Mbali khalidwe la matupi awa ndi mtendere wa m'gulu lawo. N'zotheka chifukwa malo asteroids mu "Lagrange mfundo" omwe moyenera ndi chikoka onse yokoka pa zinthu izi.

Ngakhale moyandikana pafupiko ndi Dziko Lapansi, lamba asteroid ndi insufficiently kuphunzira amagwira zinsinsi zambiri. The woyamba, ndithudi, ndi chiyambi cha matupi ka dongosolo la zowalitsa. Pali maganizo pankhaniyi, ngakhale kuwomba wotsimikizika mokwanira, ife sanalandirebe chitsimikiziro bwino.

Kwezani mafunso ndi zina ya kapangidwe ka asteroids. Amadziwika Mwachitsanzo, kuti ngakhale zinthu lamba zokhudza zinthu zina zosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Kuphunzira makhalidwe a asteroids ndi kumene anachokera n'kofunika onse kumvetsa zochitika yapitayi mapangidwe dongosolo dzuwa monga tidziwa, ndi kumanga mfundo za njira kunachitika akutali a chilengedwe, mu machitidwe a nyenyezi zina.