Mapulaneti achilendo: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea

Mapulaneti achilendo sanalipo mpaka 2006. Kenaka adagawidwa kuzipangizo zamakono atsopano . Cholinga cha kusinthika uku chinali kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa mapulaneti akuluakulu ndi asteroids ambiri pofuna kuteteza chisokonezo m'maina ndi maimidwe a matupi atsopano omwe amapezeka pamtunda wa Neptune.

Tanthauzo

Kenaka, kumadera akutali kwambiri a 2006, msonkhano wotsatira wa International Astronomical Union unachitikira. Pulogalamuyi inali funso lofotokozera udindo wa Pluto. Pakati pa zokambirana, adasankha kumuchotsa "mutu" wa polaneti lachisanu ndi chinayi. IAU yapanga matanthauzo a zinthu zina zapakati:

• Dziko lapansi ndilozungulira mozungulira dzuwa, lalikulu kwambiri kuti likhale ndi hydrostatic equilibrium (kutanthauza kuti likhale lozungulira) ndi kuchotsa njira zake kuchokera ku zinthu zina.
• The asteroid ndi thupi likuzungulira dzuwa, liri ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, kamene sikaloleza kuti lipindule molingana ndi hydrostatic.
• Dziko lapansi losaoneka ndilo thupi lozungulira Sun, likuthandizira hydrostatic equilibrium, koma osati yaikulu mokwanira kuchotsa njira.

Pluto anali mmodzi mwa omaliza.

Chikhalidwe chatsopano

Pluto amalembedwanso ngati chinthu cha trans-Neptunian. Monga mapulaneti ena achilendo, amatanthauza matupi a lamba la Kuiper. Kupititsa patsogolo kubwezeretsa zomwe Pluto anali nacho chinali zinthu zambiri zomwe zidapezeka m'madera akutali a dzuwa. Ena mwa iwo anali Eris, omwe anali ochuluka kuposa Pluto ndi 27%. Mwachidziŵikire, matupi onsewa adayenera kukhala ndi mapulaneti. Ndicho chifukwa chake adasankhidwa kubwezeretsa ndi kutanthauzira matanthauzo a zinthu zamtunduwu. Kotero panali mapulaneti amamera.

Chakhumi

Sikuti Pluto yekha anali "wocheperapo". Eris isanayambe msonkhano wa IAU mu 2006 unati ndi "mutu" wa dziko la khumi. Amaposa Pluto ndi misa, koma ndi otsika mu kukula kwake. Eris anadziwika mu 2005 ndi gulu la akatswiri a zakuthambo a ku America omwe anali kufunafuna zinthu zopititsa ku Neptunian. Poyambirira ankatchedwa Xeno kapena Xena, koma kenako dzina lamakono linagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Eris, monga mapulaneti ena achilendo a dzuwa, ali ndi hydrostatic equilibrium, koma sangathe kuchotsa mapulaneti ake ena.

Chachitatu pa mndandanda

Chachikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa Pluto ndi Eris ndi Makemake. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikale chachingwe cha Kuiper. Nkhani yosangalatsa ili ndi dzina la thupi ili. Monga nthawi zonse, atatha kupeza, anapatsidwa chiwerengero cha 2005 FY ₉ . Kwa nthawi yaitali, gulu la akatswiri a zakuthambo a ku America, omwe adapeza Makemake, adamutcha kuti "Kalulu wa Isitala" (anapeza patapita masiku angapo pambuyo pa tchuthi).

Mu 2006, pamene graph yatsopano "Mapulaneti Achilengedwe a Solar System" adawonekera mwapadera, adasankhidwa kutchula 2005 FY ₉ mosiyana. Mwa miyambo, zinthu zapamwamba za ukonde wa Kuiper zimatchulidwa ndi milungu yomwe ikugwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Kupanga-kupanga ndiko kulenga anthu mu nthano za Rapanui, okhalamo makolo a Easter Island.

Haumea

Mapulaneti achilendo a dzuwa lapansi akuphatikizapo chinthu china chosinthika. Awa ndi Haumea. Mbali yake yaikulu ndiyendayenda mofulumira kwambiri. Haumea mu parameter iyi ali patsogolo pa zinthu zonse zodziwika ndi mamita a mamita oposa zana mu dongosolo lathu. Pakati pa mapulaneti achilendo, chinthucho ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Ceres

Thupi linalake lapalasi ili mu Main Asteroid Belt, lomwe liri pakati pa mayendedwe a Jupiter ndi Mars. Izi ndi Ceres. Inatsegulidwa kumayambiriro kwa 1801. Kwa kanthaŵi ndithu iwo ankawoneka ngati dziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo mu 1802 Ceres anatengedwa kupita ku asteroids. Mkhalidwe wa thupi la cosmic unasinthidwa mu 2006.

Mapulaneti amtundu wochokera kumadera awo oyandikana nawo ambiri amadziwika kuti sangathe kuchotsa maulamuliro awo kuchokera ku matupi ena ndi malo owonongeka. Ndi zophweka bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito luso lokonzekera, tsopano ndi kovuta kunena - nthawi idzauza. Kwa nthawiyi, makani otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha Pluto akhala chete. Komabe, phindu la mapulaneti akale a chisanu ndi chinayi ndi matupi ofanana a sayansi amakhalabebe mosasamala kanthu momwe amatchulidwira.