Alexander Board 1

Ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 m'zaka fateful lonse la nkhondo Europe Napoleon a. "Alexander" likumasuliridwa kuti "wopambana", ndipo mfumu chothetsera dzina onyada kuti anapatsa agogo ake korona Catherine II.

Mu miyezi yochepa chabe, mpaka kuwala kwa tsogolo Mfumu Alexander ku St. Petersburg zinali kwambiri zoopsa chigumula cha m'ma 18. madzi anaimirira pamwamba mamita atatu. mayi Alesandro, mkazi wa Mfumu Paulo Petrovich anali ndi mantha kwambiri kuti iye ankaopa kubadwa onse asanakwane, koma palibe chimene chinachitika. 1 Alexander yekha anaona madzi a chigumula cha 1777 chizindikiro chomwe chinaperekedwa kuti iye pa asanabadwe.

Maphunziro a wolowa asangalale nawo agogo ake, Catherine II. Iye anatola wake wokondedwa mdzukulu anamkungwi iye analemba malangizo apadera njira iliyonse zofunika kuchita maphunziro ndi maphunziro. bambo Alesandro, Mfumu Paulo 1, ankafunanso kulera mwana wake malamulo ake okhwima acimuuza yomvera. Kutsutsa wa bambo ake ndi agogo ake anasiya amaonekera kukoma pa khalidwe la achinyamata Alexander. Nthaŵi patsikulo - Kodi iye mvetserani, khalidwe lake. Zimenezi anaphunzitsa mfumu m'tsogolo kudzipatula ndi mwachinsinsi.

Chitunda mpando wachifumu Alexander 1, chifukwa cha mavuto oopsa mu nyumba yachifumu. atate wake, Paulo 1, khosi mu chiwembu, chimene Alexander ankadziwa. Komabe, uthenga wa imfa ya bambo ake Alexander anabweretsa pafupifupi kukomoka. Patapita masiku angapo, iye sakanakhoza kubwera kwa moyo ndi kumvera lonse anachitira chiwembu. Ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 chinayamba 1801, pamene anali ndi zaka 24. Moyo wake wonse mfumu adzavutika chisoni ndi onse mavuto pamoyo chilango kwa mogwirizana ndi kupha Paulo 1.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 amalembedwa chiyembekezo chakuti malamulo akale ndi malamulo tikuuzidwa pa nthawi, Paulo. olemekezeka onse anabwerera ufulu manyazi ndi maudindo. Ansembe anamasulidwa ku chilango logwirika, Chinsinsi Office ndi ulendo Chinsinsi anatsekedwa n'kuyambiranso khalidwe la chisankho oimira amazikonda anthu otchuka.

Alexander 1 ngakhale mbamphedza kuchotsa zoletsa zovala kuti anaphunzitsidwa pansi Paulo 1. Asilikali a mpumulo kukwezedwa mawigi woyera ndi mangongo ndi tithe yapachiweniweni kuti ndi kuvala zamphepo, malaya ndi zipewa chonse.

Chiwembucho mfumu pang'onopang'ono azipita ku nyumba yachifumu: ena Siberia, ena a Caucasus.

Ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 anayamba ndi zolimbitsa-owolowa manja kusintha, drafts wa kumene Mfumu yekha ndi anzake achinyamata: Prince Kochubei Novosiltsev Werengerani, werengani Stroganov. "Komiti ya Zachitetezo," iwo anamutcha ntchito zawo. Anthuŵa ndi amalonda ankaloledwa kulandira dziko lopanda anthu, anatsegula Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, mayunivesite anali anakhazikitsidwa mu mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia.

Alesandro wothandizira lapamtima kuyambira 1808 amakhala State Mlembi Speransky, yemwenso anali kutsatira za kusintha yogwira boma. Mu chaka chomwecho Mfumu yoikidwa nduna ya nkhondo AA Arakcheev, ndi protege wakale wa Paulo 1. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti Arakcheev "okhulupirika opanda chinyengo", kotero mbatinkulupira toera azilamula kuti anapatsa patsogolo.

Ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 akadali sipanatenge azitengapo zisinthe, ngakhale ku ntchito kukonza Speransky boma akhala akuyendera kwambiri "otetezeka" zokhazo. kulimbikira Special ndi kugwirizana kwa mfumu sankafuna.

Mu mfundo yachilendo, chithunzi chomwecho. Russia anasaina mapangano a mtendere mwachindunji ndi Britain ndi France, kuyesera akamagwiritsa pakati pa maiko awiri. Komabe, mu 1805, Alexander 1 anakakamizidwa kulowa Mgwirizano ndi France, monga anali chiyambi kuopseza zenizeni za ukapolo ndi Napoleon lonse la Europe. Chaka chomwecho, magulu anagwirizana (Austria, Russia ndi Prussia) naoso linagonja pa Austerlitz ndi Friedland, zimene zinachititsa kuti kusaina Mtendere wa Tilsit ndi Napoleon.

Koma dziko lino anali osalimba kwambiri, ndipo patsogolo Russia ankayembekezera nkhondo ya 1812, moto akuwononga Moscow ndi ovuta kwambiri makamaka pankhondo ya Borodino. The French ali anachotsedwa Russia, ndi asilikali Russian mosangalala kwambiri imene ku Ulaya ku Paris. Alexander 1 amayembekezeka kukhala mpulumutsi ndi kukhala ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi France.

Pachimake Omveka Alexander anakhala ankalowa ndi asilikali anagonjetsa Paris. m'deralo, kuonetsetsa kuti mzinda wawo sati kuitentha ndi kutengeka ndi kukondwa moni asilikali a Russia. Choncho, ulamuliro wa Alexander 1, anthu ambiri kusonkhana ndi chigonjetso fateful pa Napoleon nkhondo ya 1812.

Popeza anachitira ndi Bonaparte, mfumu anasiya kukonza owolowa manja m'dziko lake. Speransky inachotsedwa posts onse ndi ku ukapolo ku Nizhny Novgorod. Landlords kachiwiri kuloledwa amangosankha ukapolo serfs kwa Siberia popanda mlandu. mayunivesite akhala anayambitsa kuchepetsa ufulu wawo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi St. Petersburg, ndipo Moscow anayamba mwachangu kukhala achipembedzo lachinsinsi bungwe. manyumba ogona Masonic, amene analetsa Catherine II, nakhalanso ndi moyo. Ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 walowa mu chisokonezeko cha conservatism ndi zongoganiza.

Loyang'anira za Synod ya St. Petersburg anapereka mabishopu, ndi Synod mamembala amasankhidwa ndi mfumu yekha. Mwalamulo anatsatira Synod ntchito wozenga wamkulu, mmodzi wa Alexander 1, Prince Golitsyn. Mu 1817 iyenso lotsogoleredwa ndi Unduna Woona za Zipembedzo pokhazikitsa lamulo la mfumu. Pfungo anthu pang'onopang'ono anadzazidwa onse zongoganiza kwambiri ndi kukwezedwa achipembedzo. Ambiri seances, Bible Society, nyumba mpingo ndi miyambo zachilendo kuti anapanga mzimu wa mpatuko ndi loopsa kwambiri kwa maziko a Orthodox.

Choncho, Mpingo kulengeza nkhondo pa zongoganiza. Iye anatsogolera gulu mmonke Photius. Iye ankadziwa msonkhano wa zachinsinsi, kodi mabuku iwo kubala chomwe mawu akutuluka chilengedwe chawo. Iye anatukwana pamaso osema miyala, kutenthedwa buku awo. Nduna ya nkhondo Arakcheyev anathandiza Orthodox atsogoleri nkhondoyi, kotero kufinya okwana Golitsyn atula pansi. Koma kumatikumbutsabe wa zongoganiza mwamphamvu mizu kwa nthawi yaitali anadzifula okha anamva mwa anthu Russian mkulu.

The Alexander chomwecho 1 mu 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 kunadetsa anayamba kukaona amonke ndi kulankhula amafuna kuti amatula pansi. wodzudzula aliyense wa conspiracies ndi Poro musakhudze izo panonso. zochitika zonse iye samazidziwa ngati chilango cha imfa ya bambo ake, zinthu zake extramarital. Iye akufuna kupuma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyo wam'tsogolo la chotetezera.

Board Alexander 1zavershilos mu 1825 - malinga ndi zolembedwa anamwalira mu Taganrog, pamene iye anali atapita ndi mkazi wake kuchitira. Mfumu anasamukira ku St. Petersburg mu bokosi chatsekedwa. Pakuona ananena kuti nkhope kwambiri zinasintha. Malinga ndi mphekesera, pa nthawi yomweyo mu Taganrog, anafa mthenga, ofanana kwambiri maonekedwe ndi Alexander. Kufikira tsopano, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Mfumu ntchito mpata kusiya mpando wachifumu ndi kupita zosokera. Ngati kapena ayi - mfundo mbiri pamfundoyi.

The zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Alexander 1 tinganene mwachidule motere: zinali kosagwirizana ndithu ulamuliro, amene anayamba kusintha owolowa manja linasintha kukhala okhwima conservatism. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Alexander 1 mpaka kalekale analowa mbiri monga kumasula Russia ndi onse a ku Ulaya. Iye ankaopedwa ndi kutamandidwa, woyamikiridwa ndi kutamandidwa, koma chikumbumtima mwini sanalole mpumulo muyaya.