Kodi meteor ndi chiyani? Othandiza: chithunzi. Asteroids, nyenyezi, meteors, meteorites

Ma asteroids, makoswe, meteors, meteorites ndi zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimawoneka zofanana kwa osadziwika mu maziko a sayansi ya zakumwamba. Ndipotu, amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimapanga asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites, kumbukirani mwachidule. Ayeneranso kufanana: Zinthu zofananamo zimagawidwa ngati matupi ang'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati malo owonongeka. Ponena za meteor, momwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi asteroid kapena comet, kodi zimayambira ndi chiyani, ndipo zidzakambidwa pansipa.

Tailed Wanderers

Makometseni ndi zinthu zakuthambo, zopangidwa ndi mpweya ndi miyala. Amabadwira kumadera akutali a dzuwa. Asayansi amasiku ano amasonyeza kuti magwero aakulu a makoswe ndi mkanda wa Kuiper womwe umagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake disk scattered, komanso cloud hypothetically existing Oort.

Makometsu ali ndi maulendo apamwamba kwambiri. Pakayandikira dzuwa, amapanga mchira kwa wina. Zinthu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kutuluka m'madzi (madzi otentha, ammonia, methane), fumbi ndi miyala. Mutu wa comet, kapena coma, ndi chipolopolo cha tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwambiri, tomwe timadziwika ndi kuwala ndi kuwoneka. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ndipo limafika kukula kwake poyandikira Dzuŵa pamtunda wa masentimita 1.5-2 a zakuthambo.

Pamaso pa coma ndilo mutu wa comet. Monga lamulo, ili ndi kukula pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndi mtunda wapatali kuchokera ku Sun, nkhono ndizo zonse zomwe zimatsalira. Amakhala ndi mpweya wozizira ndi miyala.

Mitundu ya mafilimu

Mndandanda wa matupi a zakuthambowu umachokera ku periodicity ya kayendetsedwe kawo pozungulira kuwala. Makometsu akuuluka mozungulira dzuwa muzaka zosachepera 200 amatchedwa nthawi yochepa. Kawirikawiri zimagwa m'katikati mwa mapulaneti athu kuchokera ku lamba la Kuiper kapena disk. Makompyuta a nthawi yaitali amatengedwa ndi zaka zoposa 200. "Dziko" lawo ndi mtambo wa Oort.

"Mapulaneti Aang'ono"

Asteroids ili ndi miyala yolimba. Mwa kukula kwake, iwo ali otsika kwambiri kwa mapulaneti, ngakhale ena oimira zinthu izi zapakati ali ndi satellites. Ambiri a mapulaneti ang'onoang'ono, monga adatchulidwira kale, akuyang'aniridwa mu Main Asteroid Belt, yomwe ili pakati pa mapulaneti a Mars ndi Jupiter.

Chiwerengero cha matupi a cosmic, omwe amadziwika mu 2015, adadutsa 670,000. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero chochititsa chidwi choterocho, zopereka za asteroids kuzinthu zonse zakuthambo sizing'ono - ndi 3-3.6 * 10 ²¹ kg okha. Izi ndi 4 peresenti yokhayoyi ya mwezi.

Sikuti matupi onse a kukula kwake ndi a asteroids. Njira yoyenera ndi kusankha. Ngati iposa mamita 30, chinthucho chimatumizidwa ku asteroids. Mitembo yomwe inali ndi miyeso yaing'ono imatchedwa meteoroids.

Chiwerengero cha asteroids

Pamtima mwa magulu a matupi a zakuthambo muli magawo angapo. Asteroids imagwirizanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a maulendo awo ndi maonekedwe a kuwala kowonekeratu, komwe kunkawonetsedwa kuchokera pamwamba pawo.

Mwachiwiri chachiwiri, makalasi akulu atatu akusiyana:

• Mpweya (C);
• Silicate (S);
• Metal (M).

Gawo loyamba likuphatikizapo 75% mwa onse omwe amadziwika lero ndi asteroids. Pamene zipangizozo zikupita bwino komanso kufufuza zambiri za zinthu zoterezi, mndandanda umawonjezeka.

Meteoroids

Meteoroid ndi mtundu wina wa thupi la zakuthambo. Awa si asteroids, comets, meteors kapena meteorites. Chinthu chapadera cha zinthu izi ndi kukula kwake. Mitundu yambiri yomwe ilipo pakati pa asteroids ndi fumbi la cosmic. Momwemonso, zimaphatikizapo matupi oposa mamita 30. Asayansi ena amatanthauzira meteoroid monga olimba ndi mamita 100 μm mpaka mamita 10. M'mawonekedwe awo ali apamwamba kapena apamwamba, omwe ndi opangidwa pambuyo poonongeka kwa zinthu zazikulu.

Pamene alowetsa mlengalenga, meteoroid imayamba kuwala. Ndipo apa ife tikuyandikira kale yankho la funso lomwe liri meteor.

Nyenyezi yowombera

Nthaŵi zina pakati pa zowunikira zamdima usiku wa mlengalenga zimawomba mwadzidzidzi, zimalongosola pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha. Ndani yemwe nthawi ina anawona izi, iye amadziwa chomwe chimphepo chiri. Awa ndi "nyenyezi zakugwa," zomwe sizigwirizana ndi nyenyezi zenizeni. Meteor kwenikweni ndi mlengalenga kamene kamapezeka pamene zinthu zing'onozing'ono (meteoroids) zimalowa mu envelopu ya dziko lapansi. Kuwala kwa kuwala kumeneku kumadalira mwachindunji miyeso yoyamba ya thupi la cosmic. Ngati meteor ikuwalira kuposa chapamwamba chachisanu , imatchedwa chigoba.

Kusamala

Zozizwitsa zoterezi zingakhoze kuyamikiridwa kokha kuchokera ku mapulaneti okhala ndi chilengedwe. Anthu otetezeka pa Mwezi kapena pa Mercury sangathe kuwona, popeza alibe mphotho.

Pansi pa zikhalidwe zoyenera, "nyenyezi zakugwa" zimawoneka usiku uliwonse. Ndi bwino kusangalala ndi mlengalenga mvula yabwino komanso pamtunda wochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku magetsi ochepa kwambiri. Komanso kumwamba sikuyenera kukhala mwezi. Pachifukwa ichi, mpaka mamita asanu pa ola angawoneke ndi maso. Zinthu zomwe zimatsogolera ku maonekedwe a "nyenyezi zakugwa" zosakanikirana zimayenda mozungulira dzuŵa mozungulira mosiyana kwambiri. Choncho, malo ndi nthawi ya maonekedwe awo kumwamba sizingathetsedwe molondola.

Mitsinje

Othandizira, zithunzi zomwe zikufotokozedwanso m'nkhaniyo, monga lamulo, zimachokera kosiyana. Iwo ndi mbali imodzi mwa miyendo ing'onoing'ono ya matupi a zinyama omwe amatsutsa njira inayake yozungulira nyenyezi. Pazochitika zawo, nthawi yoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa (nthawi imene, kuyang'ana kumwamba, aliyense amatha kumvetsa mwamsanga chomwe chimphepo) chiri bwino kwambiri.

Chimake chofanana ndi zinthu zakuthambo chimatchedwanso meteor shower. Kawirikawiri zimapangidwa pamene maziko a comet akuwonongedwa. Mankhwalawa amatha kufanana. Komabe, kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi zikuwoneka kuti akuuluka kuchokera kudera laling'ono lakumwamba. Dera ili limatchedwa mtsinje wokongola. Dzina la meteoric swarmic, monga lamulo, limaperekedwa ndi gulu la nyenyezi lomwe liwonekera (losangalatsa) lilipo, kapena dzina la comet, kuwonongeka komwe kunayambitsa maonekedwe ake.

Anthu otetezeka, zithunzi zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ndi zipangizo zapadera, zimatengera mitsinje yayikulu ngati Perseids, Quadrantids, eta-Aquarids, Lyrids, Geminids. Zonsezi, kukhalapo kwa mitsinje 64 kumadziwika lero ndipo pafupifupi 300 akudikira kutsimikizira.

Miyala ya Kumwamba

Meteorites, asteroids, meteors ndi comets ndizogwirizana zogwirizana ndi chimodzi kapena zina mwazofunikira. Yoyamba ikuyimira zinthu zomwe zidagwa pansi. Nthawi zambiri magwero awo ndi asteroids, mobwerezabwereza - makoswe. Meteorites ali ndi deta yamtengo wapatali yokhudza makona osiyanasiyana a dzuwa lapansi kunja kwa Dziko lapansi.

Ambiri mwa matupiwa, omwe agunda dziko lapansi, ndi ochepa kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'miyeso yawo, meteorites amasiya zochitika pambuyo pa zotsatira zake, zomwe zimawoneka ngakhale pambuyo pa mamiliyoni a zaka. Wodziwika bwino ndi chipululu chomwe chili pafupi ndi tawuni ya Winslow ku Arizona. Kugwa kwa meteorite mu 1908 mwachionekere kunayambitsa chochitika cha Tunguska.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu "amayendera" Dziko lapansi zaka zoposa milioni. Ambiri a meteorites omwe amapezeka ndi ofunika kwambiri, koma samakhala ofunika kwambiri kwa sayansi.

Malinga ndi asayansi, zinthu ngati zimenezi zimatha kudziwa zambiri zokhudza nthawi imene mapangidwe a dzuwa anapanga. Zikuoneka kuti zimanyamula zinthu zambiri, zomwe mapulaneti achinyamata anazilemba. Meteorite zina zimabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Mars kapena Mwezi. Othawa malowa amakulolani kuphunzira chinachake chatsopano cha zinthu zoyandikana popanda ndalama zambiri paulendo wakutali.

Kumbukirani kusiyana kwa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, wina akhoza kufotokoza kusintha kwa matupi amenewa mu danga kangapo. Chomwe chimakhala ndi miyala yolimba, kapena komiti yomwe imakhala ndi chipale chofewa, pakuwonongedwa, imabereka meteoroids, yomwe imalowa mlengalenga, ikuwoneka ndi meteors, yotentha mmenemo kapena kugwa, kukhala meteorites. Otsatirawa amapindulitsa chidziwitso chathu pazochitika zonsezi.

Meteorites, comets, meteors, komanso asteroids ndi meteoroids - omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopitiliza kusuntha malo. Kuphunzira kwa zinthu izi kumapereka chithandizo chachikulu kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa chilengedwe. Pamene zipangizozi zikulimbitsa, astrophysicists amalandira deta yochuluka yokhudza zinthu zoterezi. Ntchito yomwe inangomalizidwa posachedwapa ya kafukufuku wa Rosetta inasonyeza momveka bwino kuti pali zambiri zomwe zingapezedwe mwa kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane matupi a zakuthambo.