Akmeology ndi mtundu wanji wa sayansi? Professional acmeology

Malire a chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa ndi anthu akukwera kufika pa zosatheka. Pali zatsopano, sayansi yachinyamata yomwe imathandizira kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chirichonse chomwe chikutizungulira, ndikukwaniritsa umoyo wa moyo. Tidzakambirana za chimodzi mwa izi m'nkhani yathu. Scientific of acmeology ndi nthambi ya chidziwitso chokwaniritsa mapiri m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo. Kodi ndi enanso ofufuza-acemeologists omwe akuchita komanso ndi phindu lanji lomwe chitukuko chawo chingabweretse, tidzayesa kuwonetsa mwachidwi mu nkhani yathu.

Akmeology ndi mtundu wanji wa sayansi?

Mawu akuti "acmeology" amachokera ku chi Greek ndipo ali ndi matanthauzo awiri: akme - vertex, logos (gawo ili ndilodziwika kwa ife) - kuphunzitsa. Lero mawu oti "acmeology" ndizochita zenizeni za vertex.

Sayansi yatsopano imatengedwa kuti ndi gawo la maganizo opititsa patsogolo. Malangizo apadera mu kuphunzira za acmeology ndikuti samangoyang'ana chabe zomwe anthu amapindula akakula, komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zichitike. "Bambo" wa acmeology, yomwe Rybnikova NA imayesedwa kukhala, akufunsidwa kuti agwirizanitse mawu mu 1929 ndi sayansi ya chitukuko cha anthu okhwima.

Chofunika kwambiri cha zotsatira za ziganizidwe za acmeological ndikuti zimatanthauza chidziwitso chokhudza zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wophunzira, zakuthupi ndi zauzimu. Muzinthu zambiri izi zimatipangitsa ife kuyandikira kuti timvetse tanthauzo la moyo.

Mbali za kuphunzira sayansi

Acmeology ndi kuphunzira za kukula kwa mitundu yambiri ya munthu. Amayesetsa kufotokozera momwe zingathere zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha munthu pa nthawi yautali wa moyo wake. Sayansi iyi imakhudza nthawi ngati izi:

1. Zitsanzo zomwe zawonekera mu kukwaniritsidwa kwa mphamvu za kulenga za munthu wamkulu mu zojambula.
2. Zomwe zimaphunzitsa maphunziro akuluakulu komanso ndondomeko ya kukhala akatswiri.
3. Kudzikonda, kudzidzimva kwa umunthu wokhwima, komanso kudziletsa pazinthu izi.
4. Zochitika zosiyana (zolinga, zogonjera), zogwirizana ndi kupindula kwa zintchito za ntchito, zonse zogwirizana ndi kupuma bwino.
5. Zapadera zowonjezera munthu wachikulire, zomwe zimachitidwa pakuyamba kwa zatsopano (zofunikira za ntchito, kusintha kwa sayansi, luso, chikhalidwe), kudzikonza, kudzikonza. Apa tikuganiziranso kusintha kwa zinthu za mkati, zofuna za munthu (kubwereza zoyenera ndi zofooka za ntchito zawo, kuzindikira momwe alili ndi luso lawo).

Motero, masiku ano acmeology ndi nthambi yapadera ya sayansi, yokonzedweratu kufufuza bwino kuti munthu ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimayambitsa.

Poyamba gawo ndi chitukuko cha malonda

Chiyambi cha acmeology monga sayansi chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1928 ndi N. Rybnikov, yemwe adanena kuti mawu omwewo ndi dzina la sayansi ya kukula kwaumunthu mu gawo lalikulu la moyo. Komano njira ya sayansi yachinyamata inali kuyamba chabe.

Chipangizo chodziwika bwino chodziwika bwino cha acmeology chinakhala pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kenaka wasayansi wotchuka wa ku Russia Ananyev BG anadziŵa malo a njira yatsopano, yomwe iye amakhala nawo mu sayansi yonse ya munthu. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa acmeology chinali ndi psychology.

Kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa sayansi ya chitukuko pokhala wamkulu kunapezeka kokha m'ma 90s a zaka zapitazo. Iwo adathandizira sayansi yotchedwa acmeology, Derkach AA ndi Bodalev AA Pansi pa utsogoleri wawo, dipatimenti yoyamba ya acmeology (dzina lonse - mpando wa acmeology ndi psychology wa ntchito zamalonda) inatsegulidwa ku Russian Academy of Public Administration pansi pa Pulezidenti wa Russian Federation. Mu 1992, Academy of Acmeology inatsegulidwa ndipo inalembedwa mwalamulo ku St. Petersburg. Chochitikacho chinayambitsidwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo a ku Russia Kuzmina NV, Derkach AA, Zimichev AM

Masiku ano, acmeology ndiyandikana kwambiri ndi zolinga ndi phunziro la kuphunzira kwa pedagogy ndi psychology.

Pazigawo zoyamba, sayansi yatsopano idaphunzira kuti izi zilolere anthu akulu kuti apeze zopambana pazochita zilizonse (kasamalidwe, mankhwala, malamulo, izi zikuphatikizapo masewero a masewera). Pang'onopang'ono, ochita kafukufuku anafika pozindikira kuti maziko a mapuloteni a munthu akakula amakhala atayikidwa ali mwana. Kumayambiriro kwa moyo, maluso atsopano amayamba, zowonjezera zimakhala zovuta, khalidwe la mtundu umodzi kapena wina limapangidwanso ndikukonzekera mwakhama. Makhalidwe onsewa, ngati ndinganene choncho, mu msinkhu wokalamba, kumanga kupambana kwa munthu payekha.

Institute of Acmeology ku St. Petersburg

Acmeology sankazindikiridwa ngati sayansi yodziimira pa dziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, asayansi ena akunena kuti ndi maganizo a maganizo. Komabe, anthu a ku Russia adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, ndikuchizindikira pamtanda.

Mu 1995, bungwe la Institute of Psychology and Acmeology ku St. Petersburg linatsegulidwa (dzina loyambako linali St. Petersburg Akmeologic Academy). Ili ndilo loyambalo loyamba lomwe linayang'anitsitsa mosamalitsa maphunziro a nthambi yatsopano ya chidziwitso.

Panthawi yomwe acmeology inapeza zotsatira za maphunziro awo, njira zambiri zinayamba. Tidzakambirana nawo mtsogolo muno m'nkhaniyi.

Malangizo a acmeology

Pakati pa malire a chiphunzitso chomwe chili pansi pano ndi katswiri wamagetsi. Komanso, ili ndi malangizo ake:

- maphunziro achimake;

- sukulu;

- Acmeology ya chikhalidwe;

- chikhalidwe;

- asilikali;

- Zamankhwala.

Njira zina za sayansi ya chitukuko pokhala wamkulu ndizogwirizana, zojambula, zamtundu, zamakono, komanso zizindikiro za kayendetsedwe ka maphunziro ndi maphunziro.

Munthu wokhwima mu maganizo ake

Pakati pa zomwe acmeology ikuyang'ana ndi umunthu wokhwima ndi mawonekedwe ake okhawo.

Sayansi imapereka zizindikiro za umunthu wokhwima. Awa ndi lingaliro lokhala ndi udindo, chikhumbo chokhazikitsa bwino mavuto ovuta a moyo, kufunika kusamalira ena, kukhala pamtima ndi anthu, kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo waumphawi, kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo ndi luso lawo - chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu adziwe bwino.

Chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti munthuyo ndi munthu wokhwima maganizo ndikuzindikiridwa mu chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe ake ndi kufunika kwake. Malingana ndi kuyesedwa kwa munthu payekha, maganizo ake pa kupambana kwake ndi zolephereka kwa iye zimapangidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kuvomereza payekha. Ngati kuvomereza sikukwaniritsidwa, munthu amakumana ndi vuto losokonezeka maganizo.

Ngati munthu sakuvomereza kuvomereza kapena kuti payekha, izi zimamuopseza ndi vuto la maganizo.

Kuwonjezera pa kufotokoza malingaliro ake pa kukula kwa munthu, acmeology imatitsimikizira kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu kuti aliyense akhale ndi nthawi yomwe angathe. Mwa njira, acme ndi nthawi yopindulitsa kwambiri pamoyo wa munthu.

Makhalidwe apangidwe a umunthu wokhwima

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa nsonga zosiyana pazochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi kotheka pazifukwa zina. Acmeology imaphunziranso izi. Ndipo apa pali nthawi zonse, zofunikira, iye anasankha:

- kukonza bwino nthawi;

- kupanga malo olimbikitsa posankha njira ya moyo;

- akatswiri ndi amitundu ;

- kugwirizanitsa zochitika za munthu payekha ndi zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe cha ethnopsychological, chikoka chakumapeto kwa mapangidwe a umunthu ;

- zikhalidwe zabwino kuti zithetse kusagwirizana pakati pa chilengedwe ndi munthu;

- njira yothetsera mavuto ndi ntchito za munthu wamkulu;

- Kuzindikiritsa za mphamvu zawo, kudzipangira okha ndi kudziona okha monga Mlengi wa miyoyo yawo.

Zotsatira

Potero, pa zokambirana zathu, tapeza zomwe acmeology ndi chomwe chiri chenicheni chake chirikukula kwaumunthu. Tinaphunziranso kuti ku Russia, sayansi yachinyamatayi idadziwika ngati nthambi yodziwa, ndipo mu 90s Institute of Psychology and Acmeology ku St. Petersburg inatsegulidwa. Sayansi ya chitukuko pokhala wamkulu ingathandize munthu kudziwa zomwe akufunikira kuti apambane. Lembani mayankho anu ayambenso kapena ayambe kwa zaka zambiri!