Kusintha kwa chiwerengero

Maziko a transformer amachititsa chodabwitsa cha kupanga magetsi. Mutu wa transformer uli ndi mbale zowonjezera zowonongeka zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa muzitseko zachinsinsi. Kuwombera kwawiri S₁ ndi S₂ ndi nambala ya kutembenuka w₁ ndi w поме ndiyikidwa pamtima. Kuwombera kumakhala kosafunikira kwenikweni ndi kupindula kwakukulu.

Timagwiritsira ntchito kumapeto onse a kuwombera S₁, komwe timatcha oyambirira, mpweya wophatikiza U₁. Nthawi yotsatila ine ndidzadutsamo mphepo, yomwe idzagwedeza chitsulo chachitsulo, ndikupanga mitsinje yowonjezera magnetic mmenemo. Mphamvu ya maginito ya panopo ikufanana ndi chiwerengero cha ampere-turn (Iw₁).

Pamene makono akukwera, maginito amatha kuwonjezereka pachimake, kusintha komwe kudzakondweretsa mphamvu ya electromotive ya kudzilowetsa muzojambula za coil. Akafika phindu la mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kukula kwa dera loyamba kumatha. Motero, poyendetsa mphepo yoyamba ya transformer, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya U₁ ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya kudzipangira tokha Е. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya U₁ ndi wamkulu kuposa E₁ ndi kugwa kwa mpweya mukuthamanga, komwe kuli kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, tingathe kulemba:

U₁ = E .

Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imachokera pakati pa transformer imadutsanso mphepo yomwe imayendayenda, yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri pamene ikugwedeza mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi.

Kuchokera pakuwona kuti chiwerengero cha mphepo yoyamba ikuwoneka ndi w₁, ndipo kumapeto kwachiwiri ndi w2, mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa mwa izo zidzakhala, mofanana, zofanana:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w2e,

Kumene kuli mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi yomwe imachokera mu kusintha kwina.

Mphamvu U₂ pamapeto a kutseguka kwapadera ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu ya electromotive mmenemo, mwachitsanzo:

U2 = E .

Chifukwa chake, tingathe kuona kuti kukula kwa magetsi pamapeto onse a mphepo ya transformer kumatanthawuza kukula kwa magetsi pamapeto a kumapeto kwachiwiri pamene chiwerengero cha mphepo yoyamba ikuimira chiwerengero cha kutembenuka kwina:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

Phindu lokhazikika k ndi chiŵerengero cha transformer chamasintha tsopano.

Ngati pakufunika kuwonjezera mphamvu, konzekerani mphepo yowonjezereka ndi kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka (otchedwa step - up transformer); Pomwe pakufunika kuchepetsa mpweya, kuthamanga kwachiwiri kwa transformer kumatengedwa ndi kutembenuza pang'ono. Wotanthauzira wina akhoza kuchita zonse monga kutembenuka kwapakati-kutsika komanso ngati wotembenuza-kutsika, potengera momwe mphepo imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kuthamanga kwachiwiri kumatseguka (palibe pakali pano). The transformer ndi yosafunika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, popeza zamakono, magintizing steel core, ndizochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha phindu lalikulu la coil . Kutumizira mphamvu ku dera lachiwiri kuchokera ku pulayimale kulibe. Chidziwitso ichi chimapangitsa kuti zidziwitse coefficient of transformation, idling kukana ndi transformer wamakono.

Timakweza transformer mwa kutseka dera lachiwiri loyendayenda kudzera mu rheostat. Icho chidzatsatiridwa ndi chiwerengero cha kulowetsa, chomwe chimatchulidwa ndi kalata I2. Malinga ndi Lenz, lamuloli lidzapangitsa kuchepa kwa maginito pakati. Koma kufooka kwa maginito kumayambira kumadzetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya electromotive ya kudzilowetsa muyeso ndi kuyambanso pakati pa mphamvu iyi E₁ ndi mpweya U₁ woperekedwa ndi jenereta ku mphepo yoyamba. Chotsatira chake, pakuyambira kwapakati pano kudzawonjezeka ndi mtengo wapatali wa I₁ ndikukhala wofanana ndi I + I . Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa pakalipano, maginito othamanga pachimake cha transformer adzawonjezeka ku mtengo wapitalo, ndipo kufanana kosokonezeka pakati pa U₁ ndi E₁ kudzabwezeretsedwa kachiwiri. Motero, maonekedwe a yachiwiri yatsopano i2 amachititsa kuwonjezereka kwa pakali pano pamtunda woyambirira ndi ndalama I₁, zomwe zidzatsimikizire mphamvu yomwe ilipo pakalipano ya transformer.

Pamene transformer yanyamula, kupititsa patsogolo kwa mphamvu kupita kuchigawo chachiwiri kuchokera ku dera lalikulu kumayambira. Malingana ndi lamulo la kusungirako ndi kusinthika kwa mphamvu, zomwe zilipo m'dera loyambako zili zofanana ndi zomwe zili m'dera lachiwiri; Choncho, kufanana kumayenera kugwira ntchito:

I₁ U₁ = I2U .

Ndipotu, kufanana uku sikulemekezedwe, chifukwa pamene transformer ikugwira ntchito pali zoperewera, ngakhale zing'onozing'ono. Chiwerengero cha kusinthika ndi pafupifupi 94-99%.