Ndi voteji dontho Kodi

Kwa munthu yemwe ali bwino zamagetsi pa mlingo ophweka wosuta (akudziwa kumene ndi momwe kuyatsa / kutali), ambiri zamagetsi mawu ntchito ngati kukhala mtundu wa zamkhutu. Mwachitsanzo, chomwe ndi "voteji dontho" kapena "msonkhano wa dera la." Kodi ndi zimene wagwa? Amene anapanga kunja chiwembu pa tsatanetsatane? Ndipotu tanthauzo thupi la njira, zobisika kuseri ambiri mwa mawu awa, n'zosavuta kuona, ngakhale ndi chidziwitso sukulu ya sayansi.

Kuti afotokoze chomwe ndi voteji dontho, m'pofunika kukumbukira zimene voltages onse mu dera la (ie gulu la padziko lonse). Pali mitundu iwiri yokha. Choyamba - ndi voteji okwanira, amene olumikizidwa kwa dera ankaona. Angagwiritsidwenso kutchedwa ntchito kwa unyolo wonse. Ndipo mtundu chachiwiri - ichi ndi voteji dontho. Izo zikhoza kuganiziridwa onse mu ulemu wa mizere ndi mbali iliyonse umodzi.

Zochita izo zikuwoneka motere. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kutenga wamba incandescent babu, kagwere mu chofukizira, ndi mawaya kwa izo kulumikiza ku nyumba khoma kubwereketsa, ndiye ntchito dera la (magetsi - amatsogolera - katundu) voteji ndi 220 volts. Koma ngati ife ntchito voltmeter kuyeza kufunika nyali, monga adzakhala akuoneka kuti ali zosakwana 220. Zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti panali voteji dontho mu kukana magetsi, amene ali nyali.

Mwina palibe munthu amene sanamve za lamulo Ohm a. Ambiri, mawu a izo zikuwoneka ngati izi:

Ine = U / R,

kumene R - kukana yogwira dera kapena chigawo, amayezedwa ohms; U - ndi voteji, mu volts; ndipo potsiriza, ine - ziliri pa amperes. Monga mmene taonera, makhalidwe onse atatu mbali imodzi. Chotero, podziwa iliyonse awiri kungakhale wosavuta kuwerengera lachitatu. Kumene, pa nkhani iliyonse, adzakhala ndi kuganizira mtundu wa zikusinthira (AC kapena DC) ndi ochepa makhalidwe ena ayenerere, koma maziko - chilinganizo pamwamba.

The mphamvu magetsi - Ndipotu, kayendedwe ka wochititsa zoipa mlandu particles (ma elekitironi). Mu chitsanzo ichi nyali mwauzimu ali ndi kukana mkulu, i.e. wosakwiya ukusuntha ma elekitironi. Ici ulikubala cheza zooneka, koma mphamvu zonse za tinthu kamwazi yafupika. Malinga ku kachitidwe, izo amachepetsa ndi kucheperachepera panopa ndi voteji. N'chifukwa chake zotsatira za miyezo pa kubwereketsa ndi nyale zosiyanasiyana. Kusiyana kumeneku ndi voteji dontho. Khalidwe limeneli nthawi zonse n'komwe pofuna kupewa kuchepetsa kwambiri mbali pa mapeto a dera la.

The voteji dontho kudutsa resistor chimadalira pa ake kukana mkati ndi mphamvu ya panopa likuyenderera mu izo. Komanso mozungulira chikoka kutentha ndi makhalidwe panopa. Ngati dera pansi pa kuganizira m'nyimbozo ammeter, dontho zingadziŵike ndi kuchulukitsa phindu panopa polimbana ndi nyale.

Koma sikuti nthawi zonse ngati kuti monga mwa ntchito chilinganizo losavuta, ndi chipangizo kuyeza kuchita mawerengedwe dontho la voteji. Mu nkhani ya resistors kufanana ayenera kupeza mfundo zovuta. Mu alternating panopa zofunika kuganizira zina zotakasika chigawo.

Taganizirani chitsanzo cha awiri kufanana-olumikizidwa resistors R1 ndi R2. R3 kudziwika kukana waya, ndipo magetsi R0. Komanso, anapatsidwa mtengo wa EMF wa - E.

Apa ndi nthambi kufanana kwa chiwerengero limodzi. Kuti vuto limeneli, njira ntchito:

R = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2)

Tingadziwe kulimbikira kwa dera lonse ndi ndalama R4 = R + R3.

Timayembekezera panopa:

Ine = E / (R4 + r Mukhoza)

Mpaka kudziwa kufunika dontho voteji pa zinthu osankhidwa:

U = I * R5

Pano, "R5" kungakhale chinthu chilichonse R - kuchokera 1 mpaka 4, malingana ngati m'pofunika kuwerengera mchitidwe dera.