Bioinert chinthu ndi ntchito zake zikuchokera ndi biosphere lapadziko

Dziko lonse otizungulira - zakuthupi ndi zauzimu, zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo - otchedwa liwu limodzi - Nature, mayi wa zinthu zonse padziko lapansi ndipo mozungulira icho. Chofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe a Dziko Lapansi - ndi biosphere. The zikuchokera biosphere kumaphatikizapo, choyamba, zonse zamoyo, kuyambira pa zamoyo, mabakiteriya, kutsiriza ndi dongosolo osiyanasiyana monga munthu, ndipo kachiwiri, otchedwa mapulaneti mankhwala popangidwa ndi mogwirizana kwa zinthu zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo.

Choncho, Biosphere limapangidwa:

• moyo kanthu (mu zowombetsa mkota, pamodzi);,
• zakudya (zotsatira za ntchito ya zamoyo - khala, gasi, peat, etc.);
• inert mankhwala (meteorites anafika kuchokera ku miyala danga anaponyedwa n'kufika pamwamba pa kuphulitsa mapiri, chokhala nsanja, etc.);
• bioinert mankhwala - Mankhwala kusokonezedwa kanthu moyo ndi inert (mpweya, madzi, nthaka).

Bioinert mankhwala, malinga ndi tanthauzo - izo biospheric mankhwala, zomwe ndi kupanga zotsatira za nkhani moyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Mwachitsanzo, manyowa - ndi yotsalira mankhwala yotulutsa nyama ndondomeko ya katundu ndi processing chakudya. Man anawonjezera kuti nthaka monga fetereza. Pambuyo zosiyanasiyana zovuta mankhwala manyowa ndi atatembenuzidwa kukhala manyowa. Izo zimasiyanasiyana ngati zikuchokera kwa nthaka, ndi mankhwala chilinganizo ake.

Bioinert thunthu la biosphere wa - nthaka, miyala, madzi ndi mchere ndi watsopano madzi uli mu madzi achilengedwe.

Mawu akuti "biosphere" anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba m'nthawi ya 18 ndi wotchuka French katswiri Lamarck. Ndi Austria miyala ndi nthaka Suess ndi Russian wasayansi Vernadsky tinathera zaka zingapo kuphunzira za moyo wa gawo ili la chipolopolo lapansi. Mu malingaliro awo, ndi biosphere ali kusanduka kudzera kusanduka, ndi galimoto yake mphamvu Vernadsky anakhulupirira amuzolengedwa mphamvu ya nkhani wamoyo, wamoyo kanthu. Ndipo ndi ntchito zamoyo, amalenga ndi amasintha pamwamba pa chipolopolo Earth. The zamoyo okha, ndi zimene iwo amapanga mu moyo wake, kukhala yofunika Geological ndalezo achititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha miyala pa dziko, vuto la nkhaniyi mu chikhalidwe, kusintha madzi ndi mumpweya chigoba cha dziko lathuli, kuti ndi zoona, chitukuko cha lithosphere, zigawo zake chapamwamba. Mu njira imeneyi, bioinert mankhwala chimachititsa kwambiri. Ndipotu boma la nthaka ndi madzi achilengedwe zimatengera, makamaka, pa "ntchito" ya nkhani wamoyo, ndi weathering kutumphuka, nthaka mosinthana - kuchokera njira inert. Mphamvu muyezo wa onse, mogwirizana awo amapereka biosphere biogeochemical mphamvu.

Iwo akhoza amanena kuti bioinert mankhwala ali ndi dongosolo m'malo zovuta. maziko ake chiyambi mchere, kakusintha, koma kwambiri kusinthidwa ndi zamoyo (nthaka, madzi, mpweya). Bioinert malasha chiyambi monga shale, miyala, mafuta yl Al., Amene mapeto mankhwala a kuwonongeka ndi kuyenga akufa mabakiteriya zomera kapena zinyama. Choncho chinthu bioinert amaonedwa monga kaphatikizidwe mankhwala zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo mu chikhalidwe.

Biokosnye zinthu kupanga m'chilengedwe dongosolo lonse, zimavuta ndi mzake. zimasiyanitsa Mbali awo - ndi interpenetration amoyo, organic kanthu ndi zopanda moyo, inert. Pamene mkombero chikachitika, iwo sati anabwerera mu chikhalidwe chake chapachiyambi pa mfundo yothandiza anthu bioinert ndi awonekere latsopano, mwachitsanzo akutukuka bwinobwino.

Nayenso biokosnye dongosolo lapansi kupanga topezeka limodzi. Mitundu ndi chiwerengero cha zamoyo mkati mwake moyo chifukwa onse okhala ndipo thupi ndi mphamvu iwo zimatulutsa. Zoterezi topezeka lonse - ndi biosphere la dziko lathuli.