Amazing michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo - njira yotulukira diode

Tikamaphunzira limagwirira wa kuthetsa ndi AC pa malo a mgwirizano wa mapangidwe awiri osiyana - pa michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi zitsulo, wakhala hypothesized kuti zachokera otchedwa tunneling mlandu zonyamulira. Komabe, pa nthawi (1932) mlingo wa chitukuko cha luso michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi sikuloledwa kuti awonetsepo kungolota empirically. Only mu 1958, Japanese wasayansi Esaki anatha titsimikizire kuti kwakukuru, kupanga loyamba mumphangayo diode mu mbiri. Ndiyamika chodabwitsa zidazo (mwachitsanzo, liwiro), mankhwala ali chidwi akatswiri zosiyanasiyana luso. M'pofunikanso kufotokoza kuti diode - pazipangizo lomwe ndi bungwe la thupi limodzi la zipangizo awiri osiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madutsidwe. Choncho, magetsi inawadutsa akhoza ikuyenda kudzera mu njira imodzi yokha. Kusintha zotsatira polarity mu "kutseka" wa diode ndi kuonjezera kukana ake. Kuwonjezeka voteji akutitsogolera kuti "chipasuko".

Taganizirani mmene m'ngalande diode. Classic rectifier michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo amagwiritsa mibulu ndi nambala zosafunika osapitirira 10 pa 17 digiri (digiri -3 centimeter). Ndipo kuyambira chizindikiro ichi mwachindunji ndi chiwerengero cha ufulu mlandu zonyamulira, likukhalira kuti m'mbuyomu sangakhale oposa malire mwachindunji.

Pali chilinganizo chimene chimathandiza kudziwa makulidwe m'dera wapakatikati (kusintha pn):

L = ((E * (UK-U)) / (2 * ku Pihahiroti * Q)) ((Na + na-) / (Na * na-)) * 1050000,

kumene Na ndi na- - chiwerengero cha ofuna kupereka ionized ndi acceptors, motero; Ku Pihahiroti - 3,1416; Q - mtengo wa mtengo elekitironi; U - ntchito voteji; UK - kusiyana mu Zoyenereza pa kusintha kwa; E - ubwino wa nthawi zonse dielectric.

A zotsatira za njira n'chakuti kwa chakale pn kusintha diode khalidwe mphamvu otsika kumunda ndi makulidwe ndi lalikulu. Kuti ma elekitironi mukhoza zone free, ayenera mphamvu zapadera (poona kuchokera kunja).

Ngalande diodes ntchito yomanga awo mitundu zoterozo semiconductors, amene amasokoneza wodetsedwa okhutira 10 20 digiri (digiri -3 masentimita), lomwe ndi dongosolo losiyana ndi anthu odziwika. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchepetsa kwambiri mu makulidwe a kusintha kwa zomwe zikuchititsa zakuthwa mphamvu kumunda m'dera pn ndipo, chotero, yatsoka kwa mandawa kusintha pamene kulowa elekitironi kwa valence gulu sayenera mphamvu zina. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mlingo mphamvu ya particles sikusintha ndi ndime chotchinga. Njira diode mosavuta wosiyana yachibadwa yake Volt-ampere khalidwe. Amenewa amalenga ngati mafunde pa izo - zoipa masiyanidwe kukana. Chifukwa tunneling izi diodes ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo mkulu-pafupipafupi (makulidwe kuchepetsa pn kusiyana akupanga chipangizo ndi mkulu-liwiro), yolondola chingwe zida, magudumu, ndipo, ndithudi, makompyuta.

Ngakhale panopa pamene zotsatira mumphangayo amatha kuyenda mu mayendedwe onse, ndi mwachindunji kulumikiza mavuto diode mu ukuwonjezeka kusintha zone, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi angathe ndimeyi tunneling. voteji kuwonjezeka kumabweretsa mofulumira lathunthu la tunneling panopa ndi mmene ali yekha akakufunsani wamba (monga diode tingachipeze powerenga).

Palinso nthumwi ina ya makina onga - m'mbuyo diode. Akuimira chomwecho mumphangayo diode, koma ndi katundu asintha. kusiyana ndi kuti madutsidwe kufunika kugwirizana n'zosiyana, imene mwachizolowezi kuthetsa chipangizo "zokhoma", ndi apamwamba kuposa mwachindunji. The katundu otsala zogwirizana diode mumphangayo: ntchito, otsika kudziletsa phokoso, luso kuwongola zigawo variable.