The maginito ndi makhalidwe aika

Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri thupi la zonse achibadwa ndi kupanga chilengedwe anthu ndi maginito. Ndi mawonekedwe a kuli munda mu atomu. Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu uwu kuti maginito amachita okha pa anthu particles ndi matupi, amene pa dzanja limodzi, ali kuyenda mosalekeza, ndi pa zina - akupanga enieni mlandu magetsi.

Inde wina wa sayansi tikudziwa kuti kupoletsa ndi maginito zofunika panopa-yonyamula katundu wochititsa ndi alternating minda magetsi. Makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a munda ndi maginito kupatsidwa ulemu ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

The maginito chimapanga imodzi zedi ndi vekitala anaphunzira sayansi, chomwe mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu vekitala kusiyana ndi magnetization vekitala. Popeza mphamvu ya maginito ali mtengo vekitala, ndiye wagawo ake muyeso mu ochiritsira ndi ambiri SI imatengedwa amperes pa mita. Kulandira mu atomu munda mwamphamvu ndi ukulu wa 1 / m, m'pofunika kuti yaitali rectilinear waya ndi awiri ndi aang'ono ngati nkotheka kuyenda magetsi inawadutsa gawo 2π mphamvu mkuzamawu. Pankhaniyi mfundo zonse popangidwa ndi kuti munda panopa maginito wa 1 mita ndi mu atomu munda mwamphamvu ndi wofanana 1 A / m.

The maginito, mwa kulankhula kwina, chiwerengero cha mizere ya mphamvu ya m'munda akhoza woikidwiratu. Makamaka, kudziwa malangizo a mizere iyi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito odziwika bwino pa ulamuliro lamanja. lamulo limeneli - mmodzi wa cornerstones ya ukachenjede lonse magetsi. Lembali limati mu choncho ngati lathu wonse wa chala zoyenda kwathunthu zofanana ndi malangizo a magetsi mu wochititsa makamaka, malangizo a kasinthasintha wa chala chachikulu ndi zofanana malangizo a mizere maginito.

Polongosola lamulo limeneli, n'zosavuta kuti atsimikizire kuti mizere maginito zimachitika mu ankasinthana wa koyilo ndi akuuzidwa mbali imodzi. Pamenepa Ndizachidziwikire kuti maginito mkati koyilo adzakhala wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kukula umatulutsa Poyankha wina. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuphatikizapo kuti mizere ya mphamvu ya ankasinthana moyandikana ndi kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake koma madera osiyana, tsono, maginito mphamvu pakati pa iwo adzakhala likunena ndichepe.

Sizachilendo ya maginito ya lililonse koyilo mwachindunji njila kwa mphamvu ya panopa wakupambana kudzera motsatana ndi. Komanso, maginito mphamvu zimadalira mwapafupi windings izi imakonzedwa wachibale wina ndi mzake. Empirically, izo imatsimikizirika kuti coils ziwiri zimene magetsi inawadutsa kumatsika mphamvu yomweyo, ndipo chiwerengero cha ankasinthana lifanane kwathunthu, mphamvu ya maginito ndi wamphamvu kuposa wina kumene koyilo ali aang'ono ofananira m'litali, i.e. mokhotamo ali pafupi kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake.

A khalidwe zofunika kwambiri pa munda maginito ndi phindu n'zosangalatsa kumva za ampere-motsatana, amene mwa kuchita masamu ndi kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha ankasinthana mu koyilo pa mphamvu ya panopa osefukira iwo. ndi mphamvu magnetomotive kudzadalira mtengo wa ampere-motsatana. Kuchokera pa lingaliro ili, n'zosavuta kusonyeza kuti maginito ya kuphunzira koyilo ndi mwachindunji njila kwa chiwerengero cha ampere-ankasinthana pa unit wa kutalika ofananira. M'mawu ena, mu atomu munda mwamphamvu ndi apamwamba kwambiri, ukulu wa mphamvu magnetomotive kwaiye mu koyilo mayeso.

Kuwonjezera minda chongopeka kwaiye maginito, pali zachilengedwe maginito Dziko Lapansi, amene anapanga makamaka chipolopolo lakunja la phata la. Main makhalidwe a munda, kuphatikizapo mavuto, zimasiyana onse mu nthawi ndi malo, koma malamulo onse zofunika khalidwe la minda chongopeka analenga, ndipo ntchito m'munda geomagnetic.