Zipangizo zamaganizo - Cholinga ndi Kulemba

Zipangizo zamakono zimakhala zikuwonjezeka m'magetsi zamakono zamakono. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chips, tsopano zidalowa m'malo onse ogwiritsira ntchito - zipangizo zam'nyumba ndi mafakitale, zidole za ana, mavidiyo-radio-tele-equipment ndi zina zotero. Komabe, pakadalibe njira zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zakale za analog. Komanso, zipangizo za semiconductor ndizofunikira kwambiri za microcircuits zamakono.

Kodi zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Maziko a zipangizo zotere monga zida zofanana ndizo zimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zida zawo zamagetsi ndi katundu, iwo amakhala ndi malo pakati pa dielectrics ndi oyendetsa. Zizindikiro zawo ndizodalira mphamvu zamagetsi pa kutentha kwa kunja, zizindikiro za mphamvu ya ionizing ndi kuwala kwake, komanso zosafunika. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe omwewo.

Poyambitsa magetsi pamtundu uliwonse, ogwira ntchito zonyamula katundu okhawo angathe kutenga nawo mbali. Mitundu yonyamula katundu pamtundu umodzi wa nkhani, yaikulu kwambiri ya magetsi. Mu zitsulo, pafupifupi ma electron onse ali mfulu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti azichita bwino kwambiri. Muzochita zamagalimoto komanso mu dielectrics, zonyamulira ndizochepa kwambiri, choncho kupulumuka kwakukulu .

Zinthu zamagetsi monga zipangizo zamagetsi zimakhala ndi kudalira kutentha kwa kutetezedwa kwa resistivity. Pamene kutentha kumatuluka, nthawi zambiri kumachepa.

Motero, zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zotchedwa semiconductors. Apeza ntchito yaikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu zamagetsi ndi magetsi, magetsi osokoneza bongo amatembenuza zizindikiro zosiyana, maulendo awo, matalikidwe ndi zina. Mu sayansi yamagetsi, zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza mphamvu.

Zipangizo zamagulu zingathe kusankhidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, njira zogawa motsatira ndondomeko yogwira ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe, mapangidwe, kupanga zipangizo zamakono, malo ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi mtundu wa zipangizo zimadziwika.

Komabe, pali zotchedwa zigawo zoyambirira, zomwe zimaimira chipangizo cha semiconductor. Maphunziro awa ndi awa:

- Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimasintha mtengo umodzi;

- optoelectronic, yomwe imasintha chizindikiro cha kuwala mumagetsi ndi mosiyana;

- otembenuza mafano otsika;

- zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimasintha mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kukhala magetsi;

- magetsi amphamvu ndi magetsi;

- ma piezoelectric ndi tensometric.

Gulu losiyana la zipangizo monga zipangizo zamagetsi zimatha kutchedwa mautumiki ophatikizidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osakaniza, ndiko kuti, akuphatikiza zizindikiro zambiri mu chipangizo chimodzi.

Kawirikawiri, zipangizo za semiconductor zimatulutsidwa mu ceramic kapena plastiki housings, koma palinso zosankha zowonekera.