Zomwe zilipo zovomerezeka zamakono zamkuwa

Pamene magetsi amatha kudutsa mu chingwe, mphamvu zina zatha. Zimapita ku kutentha kwa oyendetsa moto chifukwa cha kukana kwawo, ndi kuchepa komwe mphamvu ya kupatsirana ndi yobvomerezeka pakalipano ya mawaya amkuwa akuwonjezeka. Amene amavomerezedwa kwambiri pazochita ndi mkuwa, umene uli ndi magetsi ochepa, ogwiritsira ntchito ogula pa mtengo ndipo amapezeka mosiyanasiyana.

Chitsulo chotsatira ndi conductivity yabwino ndi aluminium. Ndi wotchipa kusiyana ndi mkuwa, koma zowonjezereka komanso zopunduka pamapepala. Poyamba, maukonde apakhomo ankagwiritsidwa ndi zipangizo za aluminium. Iwo anali obisika pansi pa pulasitala ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali anaiwala za electroconducting. Magetsi ambiri amapita kuunikira, ndipo waya amatha kupirira mosavuta.

Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, magetsi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi, omwe anakhala ofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amafuna magetsi ambiri. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kunkawonjezeka ndipo waya wokhota unasiya kupirira. Tsopano zinali zosatheka kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi ku nyumba kapena nyumba popanda kuwerengera wiring ya mphamvu. Ma waya ndi zingwe amasankhidwa kotero kuti palibe ndalama zambiri, ndipo amatha kupirira bwinobwino katundu yense m'nyumba.

Chifukwa chotsitsira wiring

Kupitirira kwa magetsi kumapangitsa woyendetsa kutentha. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, chitsulocho chimapangidwanso kwambiri, ndipo kusungunuka kumayamba kusungunuka kutentha kwa 65 ^° C. Nthawi zambiri imatentha, imathamanga kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mawaya amasankhidwa molingana ndi zomwe zilipo pakali pano, zomwe sizingatheke.

Malo a gawo la wiring

Maonekedwe a waya ndi bwalo, lalikulu, rectangle kapena katatu. Mu chipinda chowongolera nyumba, gawoli ndilozungulira kwambiri. Kawirikawiri mabasi amakaikidwa mu kabati yogawa ndipo ali ndi makona awiri kapena angapo.

Madera amtundu wa mitsempha amatsimikiziridwa ndi miyeso yayikulu yomwe imawerengedwa ndi caliper:

• Mzunguli - S = π 2/4;
• Mzerewu ndi S = ² ;
• Mzere - S = a * b;
• Kachitatuko ndi 2/3.

Malemba otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito paziwerengerozo:

• R ndi radius;
• D ndiyake;
• B, ndilo m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa gawo;
•  = 3.14.

Kuwerengera mphamvu mu wiring

Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa m'mitsempha ya chingwe pamene ikugwira ntchito imatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko: P = I _n ² Rn,

Kumene ine ndikumasula panopa, A; R - kukana, Ohm; N nambala ya otsogolera.

Njirayi ndi yoyenera kuwerengera katundu umodzi. Ngati zingwe zingapo zogwirizana ndi chingwe, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumawerengedwa mosiyana kwa ogula magetsi onse, ndiyeno zotsatira ziphatikizidwa.

Nthawi yololedwa yopezeka pamakina opangidwa ndi mkuwa amawerengedwanso kupyolera mu mtanda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutaya mapeto, kuyeza kukula kwake kwa waya, kuwerengera dera ndikuchulukitsa ndi nambala yawo mu waya.

Waya mtanda gawo la zosiyana zochitika

Zida zogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zikuyendetsedwa bwino pamtunda wa mamitala. Ngati ife tiyesa kulingalira movomerezeka pakalipano, mm2 ya waya wamkuwa imadutsa pa yokha 10 A, popanda kutentha kwambiri.

Mu chingwe, mawaya oyandikana amawotcha, kotero kwa iye nkofunikira kusankha makulidwe oyambirira molingana ndi matebulo kapena kukonzekera. Kuonjezera apo, kukula kwake kumatengedwa ndi kamphindi kakang'ono motsogoleredwa, ndikusankhidwa kuchokera muzochitika zofanana.

Wiring akhoza kukhala lotseguka ndi obisika. Muyeso yoyamba, iyo imayikidwa panja pa malo, mu mapaipi kapena mu chingwe chingwe. Mapazi obisika pansi pa pulasitala, mu njira kapena mapaipi mkati mwa nyumbazo. Apa zikhalidwezi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, popeza mu malo osatsekedwa opanda mpweya wabwino chingwe chimatentha kwambiri.

Pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsa thupi, zifukwa zowonetsera zimayambitsidwa kuti nthawi yochuluka yovomerezeka ikuyenera kuwonjezeka malingana ndi izi:

• Chingwe chokhazikika pamtunda wautali kuposa mamita 10: I = I _n x 0.94;
• Zingwe zitatu zokhazokha zitoliro mu phala imodzi: I = I _n x 0.9;
• Kapepala m'madzi ndi malaya oteteza mtundu wa mtundu Кл: I = I _n х 1.3;
• Mayi-core cable of cross cross section: I = I _n x 0.93.

Chitsanzo:

Ndi katundu wa 5 kW ndi magetsi a 220 V, zamakono kupyolera mu waya wamkuwa zidzakhala 5 x 1000/220 = 22.7 A. Chigawo chake chidzakhala 22.7 / 10 = 2.27 mm ² . Kukula uku kudzapereka zamakono zamkuwa ndi Kutentha. Choncho, apa muyenera kutenga gawo laling'ono la 15%. Chifukwa chake, gawo la mtanda lidzakhala S = 2.27 + 2.27 x 15/100 = 2.61 mm ² . Tsopano, kwa kukula uku, muyenera kusankha muyezo wa waya, womwe ndi 3 mm.

Kutaya kwa madzi pa nthawi ya opaleshoni

Wotsogolera sangathe kuvutike mtima kuchokera pakadutsa pano mpaka kalekale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zimapangitsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumadalira kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pawo. Panthawi inayake, dziko laling'ono likulowa ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala kosasinthika.

Zofunika! Ndi makina osankhidwa bwino, kutaya kwa kutentha kwafupika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi mopanda malire (pamene mafayoni akumwa) ayenera kulipira. Kumbali imodzi, malipiro amalipiritsa ndalama zowonjezerapo za mita, ndipo, kwina, kuti m'malo mwa chingwecho abwezeretse.

Kusankha gawo la waya

Kwa nyumba yamagetsi, magetsi samaganizira kwambiri za mbali ziti za wiring kuti musankhe. Nthaŵi zambiri, zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kutsogolera-mu chingwe - 4-6 mm ² ;
• Zitsulo - 2,5 mm ² ;
• Kuunikira kwakukulu ndi 1.5 mm ² .

Ndondomeko yotereyi imagwirizana bwino ndi katundu, ngati palibe magetsi amphamvu, omwe nthawi zina amafunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana.

Ndibwino kuti mupeze zowonjezereka zamakono zamkuwa zamkuwa, tebulo kuchokera kuzolandila. Amasonyezanso deta ya deta yogwiritsira ntchito aluminiyumu.

Chifukwa chosankha wiring ndi mphamvu ya ogula. Ngati mphamvu yonseyi ikuchokera P = 7.4 kW ku U = 220 V, zowonjezereka zamakono zamkuwa zidzakhala molingana ndi Table 34A, ndi gawo la 6 mm ² (kutsekedwa gasket).

Ma modesero opangira nthawi yochepa

Nthawi yeniyeni yovomerezeka yochepa yomwe imakhala ndi mawaya amkuwa ndi machitidwe opita ndi nthawi yokwanira kwa mphindi khumi ndi nthawi yochita pakati pa iwo osapitilira mphindi 4 yachepetsedwa mpaka nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito ngati gawolo silidutsa 6 mm ² . Ndi gawo lapamwamba pamwamba pa 6 mm ² : Ndiwonjezera = I _n ∙ 0.875 / √T _ae. ,

Pamene Т _п.в - chiŵerengero cha nthawi ya ntchito mpaka nthawi yonseyo.

Mphamvu yolephera panthawi yochuluka ndi maulendo ang'onoang'ono amatsimikiziridwa ndi zida zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zoteteza. Pansipa pali chithunzi cha kagulu kakang'ono kolamulira ka nyumbayo. Mera imadyetsa MCA DP MCB ndi mphamvu ya 63 A, yomwe imatetezera makina pamaso pa makina a mizere imodzi ndi mphamvu ya 10 A, 16 A ndi 20 A.

Zofunika! Malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina oyenera ayenera kukhala osachepera pazomwe amavomerezedwa pakalipano ndi pamwamba pa katundu wamakono. Pankhaniyi, mzere uliwonse udzatetezedwa mokhulupirika.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji waya woyenera ku nyumba?

Mtengo wa kavalo wamakono pa chingwe kulowa mu nyumba umadalira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito angati. Gome likuwonetsa zida zofunikira ndi mphamvu zawo.

Appliance Electrical	Yamaliza mphamvu, kW
TV	0.18
Chowotcha	2-6
Firiji	0.2-0.3
Ovuni	2-5
Chotsani choyeretsa	0.65-1
Miphika yamagetsi	1.2-2
Iron	1.7-2.3
Mavuniki a microwave	0.8-2
Kakompyuta	0.3-1
Kusamba	2.5-3.5
Njira yowunikira	0.5
Chiwerengero	12.03-23.78

Mphamvu yamakono kuchokera ku mphamvu yodziwika ingapezeke kuchokera ku mawu akuti:

I = P ∙ K _ndi / (U ∙ cos φ), kumene K _ndi = 0.75 ndi coefficient imodzi.

Kwa magetsi ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito, chinthu chofunikira ndi cos φ = 1. Kuwala kwa nyali, magetsi oyeretsera magetsi, makina ochapa, etc., ndi osachepera 1 ndipo ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa patebuloyo adzakhala a = = 41 - 81 A. Ndalamayi ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri. Muyenera kuganizira mozama mukamagula chipangizo chatsopano cha magetsi, kaya malo ogulitsira nyumba akukoka. Malinga ndi tebulo kuti zitseguka zowonekera pamtundu wa waya wothandizira zidzakhala 4-10 mm ² . Pano ndi kofunika kulingalira, momwe katundu wa nyumba adzakhudzira общеобмовую. N'zotheka kuti Office Of Housing silingalole kugwirizana kwa magetsi ochulukirapo kumtunda, kumene basi (zamkuwa kapena aluminium) imadutsa m'mabotchi pa gawo lililonse komanso pandale. Iwo samangokwera mita ya magetsi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu chishango pakufika. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zowonjezereka kwa magetsi zidzakula mpaka zozizwitsa chifukwa cha coefficients yowonjezereka.

Ngati mpiringidzo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba yaumwini, ndiye ndikofunikira kulingalira mphamvu ya waya wotuluka kuchokera pa intaneti. Sip-4 yowonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyumu waya SIP-4 ndi mtanda wa 12 mm ² sangakhale okwanira pa katundu waukulu.

Kusankhidwa kwa wiring kwa magulu a anthu ogula

Pamene chingwecho chasankhidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi makanema ndi chipangizo chowongolera chomwe chikutetezera ku katundu wambiri ndi maulendo afupikitsidwe amasankhidwa, ndikofunikira kusankha mafoni a gulu lirilonse la ogula.

Mtolo umagawidwa mu kuunikira ndi mphamvu. Wogulitsa kwambiri m'nyumba muno ndi khitchini, kumene kuli magetsi, makina ochapira ndi lachasitiki, firiji, uvuni wa microwave ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zina.

Pazitsulo iliyonse, 2.5 mm ² waya akusankhidwa. Malinga ndi tebulo la kubisala wophimba, iye adzaphonya 21 A. Njira yowonjezeramo nthawi zambiri imakhala yochokera - kuchokera ku bokosi loyanjana. Choncho, mawaya ayenera kukhala 4 mm ² lonse. Ngati mabowo akugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipika, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mtanda wa 2.5 mm ² umagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya 4.6 kW. Choncho, katundu yense pa iwo sayenera kupitirira. Pali vuto limodzi: ngati chiwonongeko chimodzi chikulephereka, ena onse sangathe kugwira ntchito.

Pa chophimba, magetsi a magetsi, mpweya wabwino ndi katundu wina wamphamvu, ndi bwino kulumikiza waya wosiyana ndi chipangizo chodzidzimutsa. M'chipinda cha bafa palinso mbali yosiyana yopangira ndi RCD.

Kuunikira kumatsogoleredwa ku waya wa 1.5 mm ² . Tsopano anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kofunikira komanso kwina, kumene gawo lalikulu la mtanda lingayesedwe.

Kodi mungathe kuwerengera njira zowonjezera zitatu?

Mtundu wa intaneti umakhudza kuwerengera kwa gawo lachitsulo chololedwa. Ngati mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvuyo ndi yofanana, katundu wovomerezeka wamakono pamtunda wa chingwe pamtunda wa magawo atatu adzakhala ochepa kusiyana ndi gawo limodzi.

Kuti mupange chingwe chachinsinsi chachitatu pa U = 380 V, njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

I = P / (√3 ∙ U ∙ cos φ).

Chinthu champhamvu chimapezeka mu zida zamagetsi kapena zimakhala zofanana ndi 1, ngati katundu akugwira ntchito. Zomwe zilipo zowonjezereka zopezeka pamakina amkuwa, komanso aluminium chifukwa cha magawo atatu, zikuwonetsedwa m'matawuni.

Kutsiliza

Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwa otsogolera omwe ali pansi pa katundu, gawo la otsogolera liyenera kuwerengedweratu, lomwe likuloledwa pakali pano kuti zipangizo zamkuwa zidalira. Ngati mphamvu ya otsogolera siikwanira, chingwecho chidzatha msanga.