Maluwa muthu: Kudzala ndi Care, zithunzi

Kwa zaka zambiri, minda ya nyumba zachifumu ndi minda yosavuta kumidzi kutsogolo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kukometsera kakombo, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu, masaizi osiyana ndi mitundu amene ali zidzasintha. Maluwa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gulu ndi soliternyh landings. Imodzi mwa ambiri ndipo ankakonda alimi ndi wamaluwa mitundu ndi maluwa muthu. kutchuka kwawo chafotokozedwa mosavuta: zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa ndi mitundu ya maluwa, ndi kuthekera kosankha zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 150, ndipo, ndithudi, kupirira kwambiri ndi kukana kuti zinthu chowawa. Tiyeni tione ndi maluwa Asian ndi peculiarities wa chitukuko ndi maluwa.

Amene anali kholo?

maluwa muthu zinachitika ku mitundu chilombo Asian monga:

- bulbonosnaya European;

- Dahurian;

- Davide;

- wosakwatiwa yofiira;

- nyalugwe;

- kuŵeramitsa;

- okoma;

- interspecific hybrids ndi mabanga maluwa Dutch.

Maina onsewa ndikuuzani inu pang'ono za zimene nyakulima wamba, koma malinga ndi iye, mukhoza kuona kuti makolo a maluwa muthu adakula mu zigawo ndi kutchulidwa chokhala ndi nyengo, kumene m'chilimwe ndi ofunda ndi ngakhale otentha ndipo nyengo ndi ozizira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo analandira kwa maluwa - Asian hybrids - mwangwiro ndinazolowera zikhalidwe zathu: m'dzinja ndi yozizira mababu ndi matalala, ndi kasupe kudzutsidwa ndi kukula kudya zakudya anapeza pa dzinja m'mbuyomu. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuwadula: m'pofunika kusiya mbali pa tsinde ndi masamba. Ngati Asian kakombo maluwa si kudula, pambuyo maluwa m'pofunika kuchotsa nsonga ya tsinde pofuna mapangidwe mbewu ndi zinyalala zakudya.

Provenance

Kupambana kufala kwa maluwa Asian inayamba mu 50s wa XX atumwi, pambuyo American breeder Jan de A Graaf anapatsa gulu wosakanizidwa latsopano ndi maluwa lalanje ndi wofiira - ". M'zaka za m'ma" Mid-Century, omwe anamasuliridwa njira Russian Pa nthawi yomweyo, ofufuza Canada S. Peterson chifukwa cha mating bwino ndi kuŵeramitsa kakombo David anakwanitsa kufika maluwa muthu mtundu watsopano: pinki, wofiirira ndi woyera. Komanso ntchito kuswana kwachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha magulu athunthu a maluwa ndi Chalmovidnaya mtundu wa maluŵa ndi mtundu yowala (otchedwa Harlequin-hybrids).

Lero, obereketsa ntchito kulenga mitundu ndi yowala thuu ndi atatu mtundu masamba ndi kuchotsa mitundu Terry. Masiku ano, Russian minda kakombo Asian Terry umaimiridwa ndi mitundu monga woyera Anna Maria Ndimalota (Anna Maria Dream), chikasu Fata Morgana (Fata Morgana), pinki Aphrodite (Aphrodite) ndi wofiira masinfikisi (masinfikisi).

mawonekedwe mtundu

Chifukwa chakuti makolo mawonekedwe Asian maluwa ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu, ndipo okha "amwenye" Ndiwe wosiyana kwambiri onse mu mtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri kupanga maluwa hybrids Asian:

- chikho zooneka;

- stellate;

- poluchalmovidnaya;

- Chalmovidnaya.

Ochiritsira Asian maluwa, mitundu nemahrovyh, ndi pamakhala asanu.

Asian kakombo, malinga ndi mmene mitundu imakonzedwa poyerekezera ndi olamulira a inflorescence, m'magulu awa:

• nyuzi mwachindunji kwa;
• kubkovidnye, kuyang'ana mmwamba;
• chalmovidnye imatsogoleredwa downwards.

Asian maluwa maluwa ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ndi woyera, kutsiriza ndi amtundu wina mdima, pafupifupi wakuda. wamaluwa watsopano ayenera kukumbukira kuti kakombo akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse kupatula buluu ndi mithunzi yonse ya buluu.

Mitundu ya hybrids Asian

Kuswana ntchito anayamba mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi otsiriza ndipo akupitiriza lero, kwachititsa chakuti mitundu ndi hybrids wa maluwa Asian nambala yaikulu. Pakuti mayiko, akhala agawanika pa izi kapena ena malo kwa anthu ena kum'mwera:

• Harlequin;
• Vasaras Prieks;
• Amalia;
• Villtigrinum;
• Avondale;
• Kaleidoscope;
• Sapnotaya;
• tango;
• Reinhard Selten Vaynags;
• Brashmark;
• Fiesta;
• Joel Ndikudabwa;
• Connecticut ndi ena.

maluwa muthu, zokhudzana ndi chimodzi kapena gulu lina hybrid ndi chinthu iliyonse ofanana, "kukoma".

Choncho, Russian breeder VP Orekhov anali ayipanga wojambula Amalia hybrids, womwenso mitundu ndi maluwa Chalmovidnaya zooneka pamakhala amene utoto woyera, pinki ndi purplish pinki mithunzi. Ndi ku mitundu izi atsopano analandira ndi mtundu pastel. Kuti adzathe mwakusakaniza anatengedwa muthu Liliya Belaya mu gulu ili, kuti mitundu yatsopano anali osiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe a moyera-maluwa, monga:

• Baltais Stars (White Star) yofiirira ndi Lilac pa maziko woyera.
• Briviba (Ufulu) - woyera, yopingasa malangizo maluwa ndi speckles pinki.

Asian kakombo, chithunzi kumene inu mukhoza kuwona, amatanthauza wamtali tango. maluwa ena specks osiyana, ali onse wandiweyani ndi ochepa, wakuda ndi mtundu ku likulu la duwa. Nthawi zina specks kuphatikiza mu malo amodzi chachikulu mu mtundu zosiyana.

Anthu amene ali ndi malo ochepa, kapena kulenga munda pa loggia patokha nyumba mzinda, chonde maluwa a anthu otchedwa gulu Pixie. Pamafunikanso mitundu ndi kukula yaing'ono, kutalika amene ranges ku masentimita 25 mpaka 40. Kalasi mafuta Pixie lalikulu ndimu maluwa chikasu akhoza kukhala wamkulu monga Asian kakombo chipinda kapena khonde. zomera pachimake pa gulu ili kuchokera June kuti September, pachilengedwe cha 5-7 maluwa pa chilichonse tsinde.

Ndithu wamba NYEMBA maluwa zokhudza Brashmark gulu, kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa, utoto. Iwo zimaonetseratu lalikulu "chopaka" Mosiyana ndi mtundu waukulu m'tsinde mwa aliyense petal. Anastasia - zoweta Brashmark. Asian kakombo, chithunzi mukuwona pamwamba, anaikidwa mu Zonse-Russian Institute of horticulture Research Scientific. Michurina. Pakani kungakhale mu mawonekedwe a sitiroko osiyana m'litali, ndi wandiweyani ndi homogeneous mtundu. Ena mitundu pa pamakhala awo chikunena osati specks, kusinthasintha losangalatsa.

Kodi mphika-kakombo?

Last yapamwamba zachilendo - kakombo kukula miphika, otchedwa mphika. Dziwani kuti ngati zomera mphika akhoza kukhala wamkulu ena osati wapadera ndipo makamaka mitundu, ndi maluwa aliyense otsika. Asian potted kakombo si wovuta kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndipo potero anabzala gulu mu mphika, osati kukopedwa, koma kupanga zabwino ndi zolimba "maluwa". Today kubzala mu muli ndi makontena ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga:

- ting'onoting'ono Kangaude;

- Bazzer;

- Sunray;

- Golden Joy;

- Marlene ndi ena.

Lily pachimake, anabzala miphika, osati kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ndipo si monga momwe zafotokozedwera kulengeza - ". Onse chilimwe" Kuti tidzakhale ndi maluwa, akhoza tikulimbikitsidwa kudzala ena mababu mu chidebe ndi nthawi osiyana maluwa. Pambuyo zomera ottsvetut, zobiriwira awo zimayambira ndi masamba kuyima kwa miyezi ingapo, kenako chimodzimodzi mofanana ndi munda, kutembenukira wachikasu. Mababu kuchoka mu gawo mpumulo ndi kufikira masika lotsatira. Kusunga mphika-kakombo mu mphika chomwecho pa kutentha ^pafupifupi + 1-2 C, nthawi pang'ono moistening nthaka.

NKHANI maluwa Asian

Dziwani kuti hybrids Asian pachimake kale kuposa maluwa ena ambiri, kumapeto June - oyambirira July. Nthawi ya chiyambi cha maluwa amadalira nyengo. Asian kakombo maluwa, mosiyana ndi zina maluwa, Kodi osanunkhiza chimene chimathandiza kukongoletsa malo moyo popanda kuopa "kupeza" mutu. The moyo woumba zabwino, ngati iwo kusintha madzi mu nthawi ndi kuchotsa pamakhala chinazilala.

peculiarity wina wa ena mitundu ya maluwa Asian ndi kuti zimayambira awo anapanga bulanchi ana - babu. Iwo mosavuta wosiyana chomera mayi, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa kubalana wa kalasi, osaya zimalowera nthaka. Ngati ankafika linapambana, Asian kakombo kwa chaka chamawa kukula zomera ang'ono ndi tsamba limodzi, ndipo patatha chaka adzakhala Lily pang'ono, amene ngakhale kuyesa kuti pachimake. Apa si koyenera kulola, monga maluwa adzachotsa mphamvu zonse za nyongolosi, ndipo iye sangakhoze bwinobwino kupanga. Pa chaka chachitatu mutabzala babu chomera adzakhala athanzi ndipo amatha kusangalatsa ndi limamasula awo.

Komanso mababu ena, wosachita ndi owonjezera nayitrogeni-okhala, ndipo atsopano feteleza organic muthu kakombo. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro nthawi yomweyo ndi wosavuta, ndipo tikambirana iwo mopitirira.

Konzani mpando

Musanayambe chodzala mababu a maluwa pa zosowa zonse kukonzekera izo. Kusankha ndi zofunika kukumbukira kuti maluwa Asian, ngati wina aliyense, sangakhoze kulekerera ataima madzi. The dothi iwo kukhala bwino lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi permeable, lotayirira ndi thanzi. Ngati nthaka pa malo ndi katundu, zidazo angathe bwino ndi kupanga mtsinje mchenga, miyala, peat kapena humus. Kuya kwa zitsime pansi mababu, malinga ndi kukula ndi nthaka awo quality, kungakhale kwa masentimita 10 ndi 40. Mu dothi mchenga bwino zaglubit bulblets, koma dongo ndi kusakaniza mu akuya masentimita khumi angakhale okwanira. Pansi pa aliyense bwino n'kofunika kutsanulira mchenga, amene adzachita ntchito ya ngalande ndi chinyezi sadzakhala kusokoneza dongosolo mizu. Mtunda pakati zitsime kuchita masamu zochokera pafupifupi kukula kwa zomera m'tsogolo. Pakati pa maluwa ang'onoang'ono chingathe kupirira mtunda wa 15-20 cm, koma toyesa lalikulu ndi bwino kuika ndi mtunda wa 25-30 cm.

Muthu maluwa - kuwala okonda zomera, koma penumbra kuwala bwino analekerera. Mu mthunzi wa mbewu zawo ali osavomerezeka, monga thunthu la adzakopedwa kwa kuwunika, ndipo akhoza anawerama.

Muthu maluwa: Kudzala ndi Care

Mitundu ambiri maluwa mwakula mu malo amodzi popanda kusintha mu zaka 5-7. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera kupanga chisa cha mababu osiyana-kakulidwe. Muthu maluwa kuchulukitsa mofulumira chifukwa aliyense clove ali ndi impso muyambirenso, kotero Akatswiri amalangiza kugawana zisa Kamodzi pa zaka zitatu. Kukumba iwo kwathunthu, kusamalira kuti kuwononga dongosolo muzu, kenako sasani dziko owonjezera ndi kuyendera bwino. chisa kugwa zambiri, koma chigweranso kuti m'pofunika bulanchi osiyana mababu manja, ndi khama kwambiri. Ngati anapeza anyezi ndi Madontho bulauni kapena dzimbiri, kuwononga makina, ndiye iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwonongedwa. mizu akufa excised, ndi otsala undercut 10, pazipita 15 cm. The analekanitsa koyera ana-mababu ndi mizu unazokotedwa kwa ola mu njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu. Anabzala m'nthaka okonzeka pakati pa August, pasadakhale bwino kukhetsa bwino.

Kodi manyowa?

Kuwonjezera fetereza - zofunika kwambiri ndondomeko, makamaka gawo la budding ndi maluwa mitundu. Sikuti kudyetsa Asian kakombo mu pachimake, ngati kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumabweretsa mfundo zambiri mofulumira. Akatswiri amalangiza feteleza katatu pa nyengo:

1. Woyamba ikuchitika pambuyo chisanu, koma pamaso pa Kubwera kwa majeremusi. Yokhetsedwa flowerbed kakombo amadzimadzi otsiriza ndi thovu mullein, koma palibe vuto atsopano manyowa kuswana 1 lita slurry malita 10 a madzi. Ngati palibe manyowa ng'ombe, n'zotheka kudyetsa ndi amadzimadzi njira ya ammonium nitrate, kutenga 40 ga ufa pa malita 10 a madzi.
2. The umuna chachiwiri chidzabwera pa nthawi yatsoka wa masamba - mapeto a kasupe kapena yotentha kale. Kupanga nkhuni mlingo phulusa wa magalamu 100 pa mita lalikulu.
3. Palibe pasanafike August 15, m'pofunika kudyetsa maluwa madzi zikuchokera superphosphate awiri, kupasuka supuni imodzi malita 10 a madzi, kapena fetereza zovuta ndi predominance wa potaziyamu. Mukhozanso kachiwiri kuwonjezera nkhuni phulusa.

Kodi kuthiriridwa?

maluwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo Asian, sindimakonda madzi patsogolo. Choncho ndi bwino kuthirira iwo osowa, koma zambiri ndithu. Palibe sangakhoze madzi maluwa ndi madzi ozizira. Ndi bwino ngati kutenthetsa ndi kuteteza kwa masiku angapo. Kuthirira ndi zofunika kuti madzi sakhala ndi masamba, kutsanulira mizu. Chosowa chachikulu cha chinyezi kakombo akukumana pambuyo maluwa, pamene mababu ziziyamba kuchulukana zakudya.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa "amwenye"

maluwa muthu mwangwiro asonyeza mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana ngakhale zovuta kukula, ndipo anasonyeza makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri:

- luso kukula ndi pachimake pa dothi losiyanasiyana mu nyengo siili;

- mphamvu apamwamba kwa kubalana vegetative;

- kukana wabwino matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo;

- chisanu.

N'kofunika n'chakuti, gulu la maluwa ndi yokongola kwambiri: mtundu wawo phale zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu yonse kupatula buluu, wabuluu, woyera malankhulidwe wakuda. Komanso, maluwa Asian ndi peduncles amphamvu, chokongoletsedwa ndi zosiyanasiyana maluwa zikuluzikulu, zimene zimawachititsa wokongola osati kwa kukula mu nyimbo munda, komanso kunyumba yokongola bouquets. Pa kagawo-ngati iwo angakhoze kuima mu mbiya ndi pafupifupi milungu iwiri, ngati madzi okwanira, ndiponso kutentha kwa mpweya yozungulira sadzakhala upambana 22 ° ^C. Mapesi ayenera kutengulira angapo tsiku diagonally ndipo onetsetsani kusintha madzi abwino. Ngati zonse izi ziri kuchita, kakombo kukongola awo onse, kufalitsa kwa Mphukira lomaliza.