Maluwa oyera

Ku Ulaya, duwa limeneli, lomwe linakhala chizindikiro cha Gabrieli Mngelo wamkulu ndi Namwali Mariya (ndizodi Madonna), inakhala imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba ya maluwa yomwe idalidwa monga mankhwala chomera komanso yokongoletsera. Mankhwalawa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zopangira mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta onunkhira.

Maluwa okongola amawonetsedwa ndi Asuri ndi Agiriki nthawi zakale (mafano, mafano, bas-reliefs). Malinga ndi nthano zachiroma, iwo adatuluka mumatope a mkaka wa Juno.

Lily - duwa loyeretsedwa ndi lolemekezeka, lopaka komanso lopweteka. Ndichifukwa chake a Belgium, poona koyamba kakombo mu 1576, anawatcha Sussan Zambach (onunkhira wa mandimu). Kumeneko kakombo woyera anabweretsedwa ku Venice. Kwa nthawi yaitali, kukongola koteroko kunangowoneka m'minda yamakono abwino kwambiri.

Ndipo ku France, maluwa okongola anali okonda kwambiri kotero kuti anakhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya mafumu: chida cha mfumu chinali chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa awa, kuyambira ku Clovis kulamulira.

Ku Russia, kukongola uku kunawonekera panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu. Apa iwo amatchedwa kokha "kakombo a Madonna". Ndi chisamaliro chapadera, icho chinakula pa misonkhano yofunikira ya mpingo (Ubatizo ndi Khirisimasi). Ndizosadabwitsa kuti maluwa oyera anagonjetsa Russia, nayenso - posachedwa adakhazikika m'madera olemekezeka, ndikukhala olemekezeka ndi olemekezeka a olemba ndakatulo a nthawi imeneyo.

Lily - mizu-yofanana, mawonekedwe ochokera masamba a rosette rosette, alibe mizu yotsika. Amamera bwino mu limed, pang'ono nthaka zamchere. Madzi abwino amafunika. Mababu akuluakulu amatha kufika masentimita 15 ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu (kapena woyera).

Mukamagula (ndipo ngakhale mutabzala m'tsogolomo), nkofunikira makamaka kusamalira mizu ya sublacic: mizu yoonongeka sungasamalire m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, sankhani mababu wathanzi komanso osasintha. Kuwonjezera apo, musanabzala ndibwino kuti muime pansi, mutakhala miphika.

Mbewu zazikulu mutabzala zidzadutsa mumasamba, zomwe zimapanga makina amphamvu kwambiri. Tsinde, lofikira mamita awiri, malingana ndi mitundu, ikhoza kukhala yofatsa kapena yofiira. Maluwa oyera, monga atchulidwa kale, alibe mizu ya tsinde. Inflorescence ndi racemose (mpaka maluwa okwana makumi atatu). Maluwa onse ofiira oyera amatha kulemera masentimita 12 m'litali ndi masentimita 10 m'lifupi (ie, iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri). Ndipo mawonekedwe a zidutswa zimadalira mtundu: mitundu ina ingathe kukhala yozungulira, ena - atanthawuza kwambiri. Mwa njira, yomaliza zimayambira ndi mdima. Maluwa ndi yaifupi (kumapeto kwa June, nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa July). Maluwa atangotha kumene, maluwa oyera amalowa m'malo omwe amatchedwa mpumulo, ndipo mu September atsopano a rosettes amapangidwa, akusiya pansi pa udzu wobiriwira. Kuika mkatiku kumachitika panthawiyi (asanakhazikitsidwe malonda).

Nthaka ndi yolemetsa komanso yovuta chifukwa chodzala sikugwira ntchito. Ngati muli ndi malo otere, onetsetsani kuti mukusakaniza ndi mchenga ndi kompositi. Kuwonjezera apo, katatu pa nyengo, sungani malo odzala ndi mankhwala a manganese (kuchepetsani ku mtundu wofiira wa pinki), kapena phulusa. Makala akulimbikitsidwa ngati ngalande . Kunyalanyaza zinthu zosavutazi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mababu ndi bowa, ndipo maluwa oyera amataika.

Kubzala kumachitika mozama kwambiri, kotero kuti mpweya wa pansi umaphimba babu ndi masentimita atatu (panonso). Chomera chozama sichilola mbewu kuti iphuke. Kusamba kumasowa moyenera.

Ngati malo omwe asankhidwa kuti abzalidwe ndi ochepetsetsa, ikani maluwa oyera kumapamwamba apamwamba. Maluwa awa sakonda mthunzi, koma penumbra pamphepete mwa mitengo ya zipatso ndi yabwino kwa iwo. Ngakhale malo abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amatsegulidwa dzuwa - mabedi okwezeka, maluwa.

Kubzala, komwe kumatulutsidwa m'masiku otsiriza a August, kudzalola maluwa kukhala mizu bwino ndikupatsa rosette yofunika kwambiri musanafike chisanu choyamba. Mwa njira, kusintha kwafupipafupi pa maluwa kumasonyezedwa molakwika - kuyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza kuposa kamodzi pazaka zisanu.

Kumene kuli kotentha kwambiri, maluwa oyera amatetezedwa ndi lutrasil, spunbond, kapena, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipangizo zotere, amasiya masentimita 10.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya maluwa amtundu wa chipale chofewa amapereka mbewu pa mtanda. Pambuyo pofesa mbewu zatsopano, maluwa adzayamba m'chaka chachitatu. Kubzala masamba kumakhala kosavuta, popeza maluwa oyera amayaka mababu a mwana chaka chilichonse, kuti athe kuona kukula kwa maluwa oyera kwambiri kale kwambiri.

Wathanzi, mababu amphamvu amathamangitsidwa masabata angapo (kawirikawiri 5-6). Koma apa ndikofunika kudziwa: kukakamiza kuyenera kuchitika m'nyumba, kupatula kuunikira kwina, pa tani 14 ° C (± 2 ° C), kumapeto kwa February. Ponena za kuthirira ndi kutsirira kunanenedwa pamwambapa.