Kodi ufumu? Mlanduwu nkhani

Today tidzayesetsa kuthana ndi chiyani ufumu. Mawu amenewa ife zambiri ntchito mu ano, koma ndi tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri zinalili ndi amakedzana. Komanso tione zitsanzo za maufumu chimene chinali m'dziko lathu.

ena terminology

Nthawi zambiri, mawuwa tsopano ntchito mophiphiritsa. ndi ufumu wa munthu masiku ano n'chiyani? Izi chimphona okhawo, amene akulamulira makampani lonse la zinthu zina. Izo zimapangitsa malamulo ake omwe amapereka ake mitengo yekha, ndi mpikisano chikulankhulidwa, iye udzaononga mu Mphukira. Pali zitsanzo zambiri - ufumu nyuzipepala, ufumu hotelo ufumu mu dziko la sportswear.

ndi ufumu kwa mbiri yakale chiyani? Izi mapangidwe ndale, wapamwamba boma, lomwe linapangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, maiko, magulu a anthu. Ogwirizana ndi chipembedzo kapena mfundo, kapena fuko, kapena chuma, kapena mphamvu. Kawirikawiri gawo la okhumudwa anali njuchi.

Ndi mudzi waukulu - otchedwa likulu la ufumuwo, amakhala mfumu otchedwa mfumu. Mu manja ake anaikira mphamvu zonse, adzakhala kuthetsa mavuto onse a nkhondo ndi mtendere, moyo ndi imfa ya anthu ake kungodalira pa bureaucracy wamphamvu.

mitundu Ufumu

Choncho, kodi ufumu ife kumvetsa, tsopano yesetsani kuona zimene mitundu ndi.

• Ancient: .. Aigupto, Perisiya, Roma, lakumwamba, etc. mbali khalidwe la iwo unali munthu, nthawi zambiri lateokalaseli mphamvu ya mfumu.
• Atsamunda Spanish, British, French, Dutch. Maphunziro anthu, zomwe zachititsa kuti analanda dziko lina la mayiko ena. Iwo anali likulu la mzinda wawo, ndipo anali sankalimbana nafe masanjidwe.
• Traditional: German, Ottoman, Austria ndi Hungary, Russian, Japanese. Izi boma Mipikisano mlingo maofesi ndi danga umodzi chuma, ankhondo, likulu maganizo.

Pofika m'ma makumi awiri, pafupifupi maufumu onse amene analipo pa dziko, kapena wosweka mu limati munthu kapena thunthu anasintha kwake.

Woyera Roma

Ndi wotchuka kwambiri ufumu wa nthawi zonse, amene ufumu anawonjezera kuti ambiri a ku Ulaya, ku Middle East ndipo Africa North. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ku Republic Roma, ndipo nthawi chimango anatsimikiza ndi imeneyi zaka 27 BC. e. pa 476 pamaso kugwa kwake izo chidagawika Western ndi kum'mawa. West unatha posachedwapa, pa East inkachitika mu Constantinople, anapulumuka Zakachikwi wina.

Zotsatira za maphunziro a anthu sitingalephere kukambapo. Olamulira a ufumu anaikidwa mazana a m'mizinda, anamanga misewu ngalande. Aroma anatulutsa mfundo yonena za "lamulo", "chilungamo", "Senate" Adalenga chachikulu ndi losagonjetseka ankhondo, amene analamulira chilango chankhanza. About zochuluka ake ankhondo adakali lodziwika bwino. Ndi yaikulu luso ndi chitukuko akhoza kukhala osanenapo - n'zoonekeratu. Padakali mu City Wamuyaya ndi likulu la Chikhristu - Vatican.

Oloŵa mphamvu kamodzi chachikulu ankadziona ngati Ufumu wa Byzantine, Chifalansa Ufumu wotsogozedwa ndi Napoleon Ine ndi Napoleon ndi Chachitatu, Germany pa mphumi ndi Bismarck ndi Hitler, Mussolini ankanena mutu wa Mfumu. Chachitatu Rome Ivan Grozny analengeza Moscow, ntchito zokometsera Byzantine.

Zosavomerezeka chizindikiro cha mphamvu anali fano la mphungu, mbendera ya ufumu wokha panalibe. Panali mbendera ntchito ndi asilikali chabe.

Ufumu wa British

Amaona yaikulu m'gawo la maufumu onse amene analipo kale. Ndi dziko limene dzuŵa sililoŵa, kuyambira malo a korona British anabalalika padziko lonse. Ndicho njuchi sizeable unkayenera m'Chichewa kuti wakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse.

Ndi zodabwitsa bwanji waung'ono chilumba boma nditembenukire mu ufumu yaikulu! Koma mfundo ndi yakuti kuyambira ndi kulamulira kwa America, England anagwira dziko Australia, Africa, Australia ndi Oceania, ndi Asia.

Malamulo a ufumuwo sanali kwambiri, kawirikawiri okhawo ankaganizira kwambiri za chitukuko cha madera ndi zomangamanga. Komabe, m'madzi, malamulo ndi chuma malamulo akhala okonzeka ndi chitsanzo British. Mu njira zambiri, chuma wagwira ntchito kuti athandize dziko mayi.

The British bwino ntchito ndi mfundo Roma cha kulekana kwa mphamvu, choncho akhoza yaitali akugwira impso mphamvu manja awo, imodzi kumenyana ndi khama zina za ulamuliro wa dziko - France, Spain, Holland. Flag Ufumu lero amadziwa zonse schoolchild: otchedwa "Yunion Dzhek". Ikukhala ngati nsalu yabuluu ndi mwachindunji wofiira mtanda mu okaemke woyera ndi mitanda iwiri oblique superimposed pa ena, woyera ndi wofiira mitundu lililonse.

Mwalamulo, Ufumu wa Britain unatha mu 1949, koma mpaka Commonwealth olowa mu umene losandulizika, ali ndi chikoka ena.

Russian ufumu

Kuyambira ndi yaing'ono Moscow ukulu, ndiye ufumu, ndi Russian Ufumu unakhala kuchokera 1721 mpaka 1917. Chiyambi amenewa dongosolo boma kuika wokonzanso kwambiri Peter Wamkulu, amene anamanga likulu latsopano kumpoto. Zonse kutsogolera nkhondo kuwonjezera chuma chawo, korona pang'onopang'ono kukhazikitsa moyo m'magawo mukukhala. Ufumu anali, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, adzakhale: Poland, Ukraine, Karelia, Ingria, Estonia, Livonia, Crimea, Belarus, Alaska, Bessarabia, Azerbaijan, Georgia ... mapeto a anali kulanda boma Bolshevist linkadziwika October kuukira boma. Komabe, posachedwapa nkhani zambirimbiri za kubwezeretsa ufumu mu dziko.

kuti adzimvera

Kotero, ife tikudziwa kuti ufumu - ndi dziko limodzi amene wandisonyeza kukopa kwake pa malo lalikulu. Ngati lero palibe limodzi la iwo, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti chinthu ichi zakale. Choncho, akufuna aliyense kuti achire aliyense wa iwo - izo, alibe chiyembekezo. Ichi ndi chibwana imene ingathandize kwambiri ndi chisoni kwa Mlengi, ndi kwa ena onse.