Mbiri ya kulamulira kwa America

History of the New America ali zaka zochepa. Ndipo anayamba m'nthawi ya 16. Zinali ndiye kuti Columbus anatulukira kontinenti a anthu atsopano anayamba kufika. Kodi ochokera m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi anali ndi zifukwa zosiyana kubwera ku Dziko Latsopano. Ena mwa iwo ankangofuna kuyamba moyo watsopano. M'maloto ake achiwiri kupeza chuma. Enanso anathaŵirako ku kuzunza kwa chipembedzo kapena kuvutitsidwa ndi akuluakulu. Kumene, anthu onsewa anali a mafuko ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana. Iwo siyanitsa ndi mzake ndi mtundu. Koma iwo onse gawo limodzi chilakolako - kuti asinthe miyoyo yawo ndi kulenga kuchokera zikande dziko latsopano. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya kulamulira kwa America.

chisanadze Columbian nthawi,

Anthu lokhalamo North America Zakachikwi kuposa wina. Komabe, nkhani mbadwa ya kontinenti ichi kwa nthawi imene pano la anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena a dziko zikusoŵa kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha kafukufuku chinapezeka kuti ku America poyamba anali kagulu ka anthu amene anasamukira ku Africa cha Asia North-East. Ambiri mwina, iwo katswiri mayiko amenewa pa 10-15 zikwi zapitazo, kudutsa ku Alaska beneaped kapena mazira Bering Strait. Pang'onopang'ono, anthu n'kuyamba kumtunda, kum'mwera kwa Africa American. Choncho anafika Tierra del Fuego ndi Khwalala of Magellan.

Akatswiriwo amakhulupirira kuti limodzi ndi ndondomeko pa Africa anafika pa magulu a Polynesians. Anakakhala pa maiko a kumwera.

Anthu ndi anthu ena amene anathawira amene amadziwika kwa ife monga Eskimos ndi Amwenye, amaonedwa ndi anthu loyamba la America. Ndipo mogwirizana ndi nthawi yogona pa n'kupita dziko - anthu zakwawoko.

Kupezeka kwa kontinenti latsopano Columbus

The azungu yoyamba kukaona the New World Spanish. Woyendayenda mu dziko osadziwika, iwo amadziwika pa mapu a India, pa Cape of Good Hope ndi malo Western m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Africa. Koma pa izi ofufuza za sikunalekere pamenepo. Iwo anayamba kuyang'ana njira yachidule ikatsogolera munthu Ulaya India amene analonjeza kwambiri phindu la za cuma mafumu a Spain ndi Portugal. Chifukwa cha umodzi wa maulendo izi ndipo unali Kupezeka kwa America.

Izo zinachitika mu October 1492, izo kenako Spanish ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi asilikali Christopher Columbus nakocheza chilumba yaing'ono ili Chigawo cha Kumadzulo. Choncho tsamba loyamba mu mbiri ya kulamulira kwa America linatsegulidwa. Mu dziko lino zodabwitsa akhamukira a Chisipanishi. Zotsatirazi iwo mu Western dziko lapansi anali anthu a France ndi England. Nthawi ya kulamulira kwa America.

chisipanishi agonjetsi

The kulamulira la America ndi azungu poyamba sanazichite wotsutsa aliyense kwa anthu akuderalo. Ndipo izi anathandiza chakuti atsamunda munayamba azitengapo kwambiri, muukapolo ndi kupha Amwenye. nkhanza Special anasonyeza mwa agonjetsi Spanish. Anatentha ndi anagonjetsa midzi wamba, kupha anthu awo.

Kale pa chiyambi cha kulamulira kwa America, ku Ulaya anabweretsedwa ku Africa cha matenda ambiri. anthu anayamba kufa chifukwa cha miliri ya nthomba ndi chikuku.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 16 kunalamulidwa ndi Spanish atsamunda a ku America. katundu lawo linayambira ku New Mexico kuti Cape Gori ndipo anabweretsa chuma cha mfumukazi ya phindu lowoneka. Mu nyengo iyi ya kulamulira kwa America, Spain kumenya analimbana onse ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya kuti apeze kufalikira m'dera gwero kulemera.

Komabe, nthawi yomweyo kusintha bwino mphamvu wayamba mu World Old. Spain, kumene mafumu a ndalama utuluke yaikulu opanda nzeru ochokera madera a golide ndi siliva, anayamba pang'onopang'ono kusiya malo awo, kuwapatsa Britain, limene chuma zachitika mofulumira. Komanso, pamaso mtundu likamalowa wamphamvu, mbuye wa nyanja ndi mayiko amphamvu European, inapita yaitali nkhondo Netherlands, nkhondo ndi England ndi Reformation ku Ulaya, kulimbana amene kuwononga ndalama. Koma mfundo yomaliza kuchoka ku Spain anali mthunzi wa imfa mu 1588 sitima. Pambuyo pake, atsogoleri mu ndondomeko ya kulamulira kwa America anayamba England, France ndi Holland. Ochokera m'mayiko amenewa analenga yoweyula atsopano a m'dziko.

M'midzi French

Ochokera dziko lino ku Ulaya chidwi koposa zonse, tsitsi wapatali. Mu nkhani iyi, French sanafune kulanda dzikolo, monga wamba, ngakhale katundu udindo ang'onoang'ono, akali eni ziwembu zawo.

Chiyambi cha French kulamulira la America chinaikidwa pa chiyambi cha m'ma 17. Inali nthawi imeneyi Samyuel Shamplen anakhazikika kakang'ono pa Acadian Peninsula, ndipo kenako (mu 1608) - Quebec City. Mu 1615, ufumu French anawonjezera kuti Ontario ndi Nyanja Huron. Kumalo amenewa ife ndinkakhala nalo makampani malonda, yaikulu umene unali Hudson a Bay Company. Mu 1670 eni ake anaphunzitsidwa hayala ndi kuyang'anira kugula nsomba ndi tsitsi ndi Amwenye. m'deralo anakhala "makhwawa" makampani analowa paziyangoyango za maudindo ndi ngongole. Komanso, Amwenye chabe fleeced, zonse kupatsana analandira tsitsi lawo lofunika zokongoletsera sikuthandiza chilichonse.

cholowa Great Britain

Chiyambi cha kulamulira British a North America linayamba m'ma 17. Ngakhale ulendo woyamba adasanduka zaka kale. Ndi kuthetsa nkhani Dziko Latsopano la British Korona ali inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha bizinesi kwawo. Gwero la chuma cha kuphangira British wakhala chilengedwe cha makampani atsamunda malonda, amene ankagwira ntchito ku msika yakunja. Iwo anabwera phindu lowoneka.

Features wa kulamulira wa North America Great Britain kugona chakuti m'dera Boma wapanga makampani malonda ziwiri zinthu zambiri. Icho chinali London ndi Plymouth olimba. Izi makampani nawo hayala achifumu lomwe anali ndi malo inali pakati pa 34 ndi 41 madigiri kumpoto kumpoto ndipo popanda malire aliwonse chimafikira kumtunda. Choncho England analanda dera poyamba anali wa Amwenye.

Mu zaka za m'ma 17. Colony ya Virginia unakhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira malonda ichi ogwira Virginia Company amafuna ndalama zambiri. Pa kampani yake ndalama kwa njuchi anthu ochokera amene ngongole yawo mwa zaka 4-5.

Mu 1607 izo anapanga kuthetsa latsopano. Zinali mzinda wa Jamestown. Iwo unali mu chinyontho kumene anakakhala udzudzu ambiri. Komanso atsamunda kuti akuukire kudziko lina. skirmishes zonse ndi Amwenye ndi matenda posachedwa ankanena miyoyo ya-magawo awiri a atatu Preselentsi.

M'mudzi wina British - Maryland - anakhazikitsidwa mu 1634 mu atsamunda ake British analandira ziwembu za dziko nakhala Obzala mpesawo ndi mabizinesi lalikulu. Ogwira ntchito malo awa ndi English osauka, amene ankagwira ntchito za mtengo kusamukira ku America.

Koma pakapita nthawi, mmalo mwa antchito indentured m'midzi anayamba ntchito kapolo Negro. Iwo anayamba kubweretsa makamaka madera kum'mwera.

Kwa zaka 75 pambuyo mapangidwe njuchi ya Virginia British kukhazikitsa 12 more midzi amenewa. Izi Massachusetts ndi New Hampshire, New York ndi Connecticut, Rhode Island ndi ku New Jersey, Delaware ndi Pennsylvania, North ndi South Carolina, Georgia ndi Maryland.

Chitukuko cha madera a English

anthu osauka m'mayiko ambiri a World Old asankha kuti ku America, chifukwa mu maganizo awo zinali dziko lolonjezedwa, amene amapereka chipulumutso kwa ngongole ndiponso kuzunza kwa chipembedzo. N'chifukwa chake kulamulira European la America ambiri. amalonda ambiri salinso kumangidwanso kwa asilikali a alendo. Iwo anayamba kupanga bungwe anawazunza anthu enieni, soldering ndi kuwatuma chombo mpaka sobered mmwamba. N'chifukwa chake panali kukula modabwitsa mofulumira ankawalamulira British. Iwo analimbikitsidwa ndi kusintha agrarian mu UK, chifukwa cha zomwe panali kutenga Unyinji wa mayiko ku alimi.

Mundilanda boma lake osauka anayamba mpata kugula dziko ankawalamulira. Choncho, ngati mu 1625 ku North America anakhala anthu 1980 mu 1641 chokha, ochokera England, kunali zikwi 50. Ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu, chiwerengero cha anthu a midzi awa anali pafupi mazana awiri anthu zikwi.

Khalidwe la osamukawo

Mbiri ya kulamulira kwa America akuvutikabe ndi nkhondo za kuwonongedwa anthu okhala zamakolo za anthu a m'dzikolo. Atsamunda anatenga dzikolo kwa Amwenye, adzawonongeratu mafuko.

kumpoto America, amene ankatchedwa New England, anthu a World Old apita njira yosiyana. Apa dziko kwa Amwenye yotengedwa mothandizidwa ndi "wotuluka malonda". Kenako, izi zinali chifukwa ovomerezeka maganizo kuti makolo a Anglo-America sanali kungapondereze pa ufulu wa kudziko lina. Komabe, ochokera kumayiko World Old anapeza timapepala malo aakulu kwa gulu la mikanda kapena ochepa onga. Pankhaniyi, Amwenye, amene sanali bwino chuma payekha, monga ulamuliro, alibe ngakhale ndikuganiza za kukhala Mapangano anapangana ndi iwo.

anathandiza mbiri ya kulamulira wapanga ndi mpingo. Iye anamudzutsa iye ku Mulingo wa zochitika lachifundo kumenya Amwenye.

Mmodzi wa masamba manyazi mu mbiri ya kulamulira kwa America ndi mphoto kwa scalps. Isanafike atsamunda mwambo umenewu wamagazi analipo yekha mu mafuko ena okhala m'madera a kum'mawa. Ndi kubera colonizers ndi nkhanza amenewa anali kufalitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi anali anabweretsa internecine nkhondo imene chiyambi cha ntchito zida zankhondo. Komanso, ndondomeko scalping kwambiri ntchito yofalitsa mipeni yachitsulo. Ndipotu, matabwa kapena fupa zipangizo kuti anali ndi Amwenye pamaso kulamulira, kwambiri kusokoneza opareshoni zimenezi.

Komabe, ubale wa osamuka ndi anthu zamakolo sanali nthawizonse ankhanza. anthu wamba ndayesera kukhala bwino anansi. alimi osauka chiyani pa zimene zinachitikira Indian ulimi ndi kuphunzira kwa iwo, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu m'deralo.

Ochokera m'mayiko ena

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ankalamulira woyamba n'kukakhala ku North America, analibe wamba chipembedzo ndi za thupi strata osiyana siyana. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti mbadwa ya World Old a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo chotero, ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Akatolika achingelezi anakakhala Maryland. Huguenots ku France anakakhala South Carolina. Asilikali a Sweden anakakhala Delaware ndi Virginia linadzaza ndi Italy, German ndipo Polish amisiri. Pachilumba cha Manhattan woyamba Dutch kuthetsa anaonekera mu 1613. tate wake anali Genri Gudzon. Dutch njuchi, omwe anakhala likulu la mzinda wa Amsterdam, zinadziwika monga The Netherlands latsopano. Kenako midzi amenewa anagwidwa ndi a British.

Colonizers anadziyesa pa kulalikira, amene akali iliyonse Lachinayi chachinayi mu November, amathokoza Mulungu. America amakondwerera Kuperekamathokozo. holide imeneyi umachitika mu ulemu wa chaka choyamba cha moyo wa osamukawo mu malo atsopano.

Zikamera wa ukapolo

The akuda a ku Africa anafika ku Virginia mu August 1619 pa sitima Dutch. Ambiri a iwo anali pomwepo anagulidwa ndi atsamunda monga mtumiki. Mu America negros kukhala akapolo ai.

Ndipo udindo ameneyu anadziwika ngakhale tinatengera. malonda a akapolo unayambitsidwa zonse pakati ankawalamulira American ndi maiko African. atsogoleri akufunitsitsa kusintha anthu awo achinyamata zida, onga, zovala ndi zina zambiri kunja kwa Dziko Latsopano.

Chitukuko cha madera a kum'mwera

Monga ulamuliro atsamunda anasankha madera kumpoto kwa New World chifukwa cha tiganizira chipembedzo chawo. Koma kulamulira la America South zolinga zachuma. Ulaya mwambo ndi anthu zamakolo, atabwerera iwo pa dziko, bwino oyenera kukhalako. Resource kulemera Africa analonjeza atsamunda kulandira ndalama zambiri. N'chifukwa chake mu madera kum'mwera kwa dzikoli anayamba kukhala fodya ndi thonje m'minda, pogwiritsa ntchito ya akapolo naye ku Africa. Ambiri katundu anali zimagulitsidwa ku England anali ochokera m'madera amenewa.

Alendo Latin America

Gawo ili kum'mwera kwa United States, a ku Ulaya komanso chinayamba pambuyo Columbus anatulukira dziko la America. Masiku ano, kulamulira ndi azungu ku Latin America amaonedwa monga wosiyana mwamphamvu zipolowe za pakati pa maiko awiri osiyana, imene inatha ndi ukapolo wa Amwenye. Nthawiyi umayambira 16 mpaka 19 pachiyambi.

Kulamulira la Latin America zinachititsa kuti imfa ya chitukuko wakale Indian. Ndipotu, ambiri a anthu zamakolo zinawonongedwa ndi atsamunda ku Spain ndi Portugal. Kupulumuka anthu anadza pansi Kugonja atsamunda. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo mu Latin America kuti anadziwana ndi zofunika chikhalidwe cha World Old, omwe anakhala chuma cha anthu a kontinenti izi.

Atsamunda European pang'onopang'ono anayamba mu gawo lofunika kwambiri ndi kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m'derali. A akapolo Large ku Africa anayamba ndondomeko zovuta za kupanga wapadera mitundu ndi chikhalidwe kudalirana. Ndipo lero tikhoza kunena kuti chitukuko cha makono Latin American kulikonse chikangoperekedwa ndi chizindikiro kukoma inali nthawi ya atsamunda 16-19 zaka. Komanso, ndi kufika ku Ulaya, dera anayamba kukhala mu njira za dziko capitalist. Uwu unali chofunika zofunika kwa kutukula Latin America.