German Army: Akale ndi Ano

Mbiri ya Germany ndi umafananirako nkhondo. Awiri a nkhondo kwambiri wamagazi m'mbiri ya anthu akhala anabweretsa dziko ino ndi boma ake. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu padziko lonse wasiya Germany akutali ndipo anayambitsa kuletsa ntchito yokonza asilikali, koma asilikali a German anali kutsitsimutsa katundu ndi kamodzinso akhala m'modzi wa ambiri chitsanzo chabwino ndi kulangidwa mu dziko. Komabe, pa nthawiyo, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ena kuchepa kwa makhalidwe a asilikali German, amene kwambiri kumakhudzanso kutchuka kwawo mwa anthu ake omwe. Kodi? Kodi miyambo ya dziko la Germany? Ndipo chifukwa pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Germany anali mmodzi wa mphamvu kwambiri, mwachangu kumanga zankhondo, ngakhale moratorium chiyani? Zonsezi m'nkhani wathu lero.

Zachitetezo la Germany: mizu ndi miyambo

Ankhondo a ku Germany mu mawonekedwe yomwe kusandulika kuti chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, kunayamba nthawi ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi Napoleon. Pamene alonda anatenga nawo mbali maudani ndi Bonaparte kumbali ya asilikali a Russia, ndi zambiri nkhondo zinakambidwa pa dera la Russia. Ambiri mwa mabungwe mabungwe apamwamba asilikali anali kulemba anthu usilikali pakati nzika lalikulu ankadziona ngati zokometsera ya Mafumu. Monga maziko kutsatira alonda anatenga botolo la asilikali Prussian, maganizo ake ndi kuzindikira chilango ndi kukana maganizo zokomera.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, asilikali German wapanga ndi stratum wapadera wa akuluakulu amene anadutsa pa mwambo wawo wa ana ndi zidzukulu. Ndi 1913, pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi atatu peresenti ya lamulo mkulu anachokera ku banja asilikali, ndaleredwa mu miyambo ziwalo. Anthu amene anabwera khamu kuchokera kunja, atangomva pa malamulo ndi malamulo a khalidwe malinga kuchokera kumwamba. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa msana wa asilikali Germany, zomwe zili mbali khalidwe la asilikali ndi ang'onoang'ono nthawi, unyolo bwino lamulo ndi malipoti a ulemu.

Zotsatira za Pangano la Versailles

Ngakhale Bismarck anapanga pa nthawi ya ulamuliro waukulu wa nkhondo ku Germany - nkhondo njira, amene analipo empted zimakhudza aliyense ochokera m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ozungulira States. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti ndi mfundo imeneyi ya "blitzkrieg" zipolopolo maganizo pafupifupi onse atsogoleri a asilikali ulinso mu chitukuko ndi mapangidwe a German asilikali.

Pambuyo pa mapeto a yoyamba ya padziko lonse, malinga walemba mtendere Versailles, Germany anaima malire zolimba mphamvu asilikali. M'chaka-loyamba la atumwi wotsiriza, kulemekeza mfundo zonse zimene Mulungu wakonza Boma anapanga Reichswehr, amene sanali asilikali pakati pake penipeni. M'malo mwake, anali mphamvu kumbuyo, amene akanatha kukonza dongosolo mu dziko. Reichswehr wopangidwa ndi chiwerengero zotsatirazi wa asilikali:

• zikwi zana limodzi pansi nkhondo;
• zikwi khumi ndi zisanu oyendetsa.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Germany anali mosatsata zida zankhondo lolemera, akasinja ndi magulu mpweya ndi asilikali.

Komabe, boma la Germany anafuna kuzilambalala Ziletsozi onse anakhazikitsa ndi kuyamba kusandutsa magulu awo, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka lankhondo lamphamvu. Izi zingathandize imodzi yokha ya limati wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa nthawi imene - Soviet Union. Atatero, Germany ndi chiyambi cha zokambirana Zochita olowa ndi chitsitsimutso cha mphamvu ya German asilikali. Pamaziko a akasinja ndi masukulu ndege Soviet imachitika maphunziro a asilikali German. Izi linaphwanya kudzipatula Germany ndi kuthandizidwa zolimbitsira ake m'bwalo lonse.

Komabe, nthawi ya mgwirizano Soviet Union sanali bwino kwambiri pokwaniritsa alonjeza. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro ku Republic Federal akhala zana oyendetsa asilikali ndi anthu okonza thanki awiri sate zokha. Ngakhale ndi kubwera kwa Hitler mphamvu mu nthawi yaifupi nthawi Germany kwakonzedweratu kwa oyendetsa zoposa zikwi ziwiri.

Hitler ndi kusintha asilikali

Popeza 1932, Hitler anayamba kuchititsa mfundo yogwira buildup asilikali ngakhale malamulo oletsa onse ndi ziphunzitso. Yogwira manja Germany ali zinaonedwa, koma palibe mphamvu European analibe ngakhale anayesetsa kulepheretsa ya Chancellor latsopano. Ndi 1935 asilikali a German anali kale mphamvu ndi wamakono, Hitler ndi mwayi kulengeza chiyembekezo chakuti ya Reichswehr. Chifukwa cha masinthidwe ambiri ndi asilikali a Germany.

Dziko pang'ono ndi pang'ono nakhalanso asilikali ake - yolembedwa usilikali polima kachiwiri kwa abambo ndi anyamata, chiwerengero cha magulu ziwonjezeke kwa makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi asilikali pansi anafikira anthu zikwi mazana asanu. Kuti popularize asilikali mwa anthu anayamba kufalitsa magazini wapadera, amene lofalitsidwa uthenga, anafunsa asilikali ndi alonda, komanso zipangizo malonda.

Nthawi imeneyi, mwambo wakale kwambiri umenewu wa German asilikali akhala linaphwanya, iwo ali ambiri nzika wamba, amene yafupika mlingo wa asilikari nzeru ndi mbiri peresenti makumi awiri. Komabe, izi sikungawononge kapangidwe kwambiri wa asilikali, zochokera kusunga mwambo okhwima ndi kumvera N'ZOSACHITA kufunsa.

Hitler anafuna kubwezera akugonjetsedwa mochititsa manyazi mu First World nkhondo ndi pang'onopang'ono udzaphwanya onse ankhondo pansi pa iye. Iye anatha kutsimikizira usilikali zapadera kusirira umunthu wake ndi malingaliro, chimene iye kunka ku misa. Mu 1934 anakhala pulezidenti natenga lumbiro la kukhulupirika kwa asilikali, mosiyana ndi malamulo kale atsopano.

mwambo ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa kapitawo German malumbiro deta kugwilizana anali za ulemu. Choncho, ambiri a asilikali anapitiriza kuchita ntchito yake ngakhale pambuyo anataya chikhulupiriro pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, malingaliro Hitler ndi kupambana kwake. Pa nthawi yonseyi alonda ochepa alola kupita kwa mdani, ena piously anati lumbiro, ngakhale inappropriateness malamulo ambiri.

Wehrmacht ndi kukonzekera nkhondo

Kuyambira mu 1935, a German asilikali unadziwika ngati "Wehrmacht" ndi mbiri onse wotsatira wa dziko litakhazi- kugwirizana ndi mawu. Hitler mosamala kwambiri, osati anatsogolera prewar maphunziro chuma ndi luso m'munsi, koma kuchitanso maganizo njira yaikulu anthu wamba. Izi makamaka za kapitawo Corps, amene anali kukhala vanguard ndi kudzoza pa nkhondo imene ikubwera.

Mgwirizano wa asilikali German pa chiyambi cha msonkhano wa makumi atatu naini chaka Mu zaka zapitazo chaperekedwa mfundo wapadera, zomwe zakonzedwa kapitawo Corps. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

• atsogoleri onse anali kuona zinthu asilikali pa maziko a udindo wamba mayunitsi onse la zamasewero ku ntchito, ndipo kenako kuchita akuganizira;
• palibe schematics anira nkhondo;
• lililonse mkulu ayenera kupanga zosankha zawo ndi kuchita mwadzidzidzi kapena pamene palibe kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu.

Komanso, msilikali aliyense anali ndi lingaliro kuti m'pofunika mutenge madongosolo yekha mkulu lake, lomwe lilibe ngakhale zina chothaŵa kapena insubordination.

Zikomo kuti ntchito zonse yosatha ndi woyamba kupambana kwambiri ntchito ya usilikali ku Ulaya, German asilikali chaka makumi woyamba wa atumwi wotsiriza unali ndi yolongosoka ndi coherent limagwirira zokuzira ndi wokonzeka kuchita ntchito iliyonse nkhondo.

Army pamaso kuukira pa USSR

Ndi tsiku la makumi awiri lachiwiri la June a makumi mmodzi, Wehrmacht anapita mwachilungamo okonzeka. chiwerengero ake okwana kuposa asilikali mamiliyoni asanu odziwa bwino ndi alonda amene ali okonzeka kudzapereka kuti aliyense wa Mtsogoleri wawo. Kuwonjezera ndalamazo pang'ono anthu oposa miliyoni anali asilikali malo.

German Army inkakhala magulu zana ndi atatu, ali mmodzi wa iwo ndi woyamba funde mantha umalimbana Soviet Union unakhazikitsidwa. Mpheroyi infantrymen miliyoni mazana atatu. Twente wani si kwathunthu n'zochititsatu magawano kwavumbulutsidwa kukafika kumadzulo. East anapita mayunitsi lalikulu makumi asanu asilikali.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri ankakhala mu malangizo kum'mawa, zinali zakuti anthu ongodzipereka ku France, Spain, Italy ndi kumayiko ena a ku Ulaya. Kumene, iwo sanali komanso akuphunzitsidwa monga maziko a alonda Wehrmacht, koma ali wamphamvu ndi wokonzeka dongosolo. 1941, German Army anali adzakhale ndi zaka zingapo anayamba kuika pa mahatchi Aryan mpikisano.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti miyezi ya nkhondo chiwerengero cha asilikali German pa malire a dziko wathu utachepa kwambiri. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Germany sanayembekezere odzipereka kukana ndipo sanali okonzeka kuchitapo kanthu yaitali motero asilikali, kotero si wokhazikitsidwa bwino chitsanzo kutengerapo asilikali awo ku malo nkhondowo, azilipira imfa.

Tithe la asilikali German

Zachitetezo a Wehrmacht munali ambiri maudindo. Atchule onsewo m'nkhani wina ndi zovuta, kotero ife kuwapatsa yekha akuluakulu okalamba ndipo likulu.

Gulu loyamba amakhala ndi maudindo naintini amene ali apamwamba Reichsmarschall. Pamakhala a asilikali a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali, kuphatikizapo moyo kudziwika. The udindo wotsikitsitsa ndi Field Bishop wa Wehrmacht. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti udindo wa wansembe ali mayunitsi lonse lankhondo.

Gulu lachiwiri ukufanizidwa ndi maudindo khumi. Oberst ndi apamwamba kapena wamkulu. Mu mkulu akutsatiridwa ndi Colonel a manja, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku umalimbikira. Mu gulu ili, pali mutu wa Woyang'anira wa magulu ankhondo ndi ansembe awiri.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba kale, ngakhale maudindo eyite sikisi analiko Germany.

asilikali ankhondo mu Germany nkhondo itatha

Mbiri yakale amati panthawi ya nkhondo asilikali anaitanitsa pang'ono anthu oposa mamiliyoni khumi, koma May, makumi asanu, chiwerengero cha asilikali zinali zochepa asilikali miliyoni ndi alonda pakampanipo. Komanso, anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri anagwa mu nkhondo watha miyezi ya nkhondo.

Ntchito ya Germany ndi mayiko wopambana kwachititsa kuti chiwonongeko chotheratu cha gulu zimenezi. Kwathunthu asilikali disarmed wa Wehrmacht ndi asilikali anthu ochepa a. Makampani manja si angobwera yoletsedwa, koma anataya m'munsi zonse - mafakitale ndi Laboratories.

Limodzi ndi zinthu zonse izi, mayiko wopambana inalandidwa ndege onse ndi anthu a Germany akhala akulephera adzauka mu mlengalenga. Motero, mu 1949 dziko unagawidwa limati awiri - West Germany ndi East Germany. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi chitukuko anapitiriza kuyenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana, izi imakhudzanso zachitetezo.

Zida Mphamvu ya Republic of Germany Federal

Only mu 1955, Germany anakhoza kupanga ake ankhondo omwe zida. Iwo ali kutchedwa "Bundeswehr" ndipo inapangidwa kuchokera mazana nzika mwaufulu analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika, malinga ndi miyambo yakale. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu State yolembedwa usilikali kunachitika anathetsa pambuyo chaka nkhondo makumi wachisanu.

Poyamba, Bundeswehr wakhala zocheperapo ntchito yachilendo, koma zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pochimanga, dziko la Germany anayamba kutenga mbali mu ntchito udindo wa United Nations.

The mawonekedwe a Bundeswehr ali Umboni Wopereŵera mitundu ndi zambiri madontho, zingwe ndi specks kutsegula mtundu malire. Izi chiwembu mtundu anasonyeza kuti kwambiri mu ntchito mwa nkhalango. Palinso njira, ndi ntchito ya usilikali mu mapiri. Tikumbukenso kuti mawonekedwe a Bundeswehr walandiridwa monga maziko asilikali Austria, koma ali mu ntchito ya monochromatic ochekenera.

Makhalidwe a magulu Germany ndi zida lero

Pa nthawi asilikali wapangidwa ndi magulu otsatirawa:

• Ankhondo;
• German Air Force;
• Bulu.

Mu mawonekedwe pa chiyambi cha awiri masauzande enaake mphamvu yapadera zinalengedwa ndi mapulogalamu. Patapita kanthawi, panali thanzi utumiki chisamaliro chimene amapereka nkhondo thanzi.

German onyamula Mphamvu zidzasankhidwa mwachindunji okha, mayunitsi zida ulamuliro wamba. Ndipo mu Bundeswehr, palibe malo mtsogoleri, izo zoopseza, chimatsatira maudindo osiyana. Mu yamtendere ndi Nduna ya silikhali, choncho ngozi - Chancellor German. Pakali pano, pomwe uyu ali Angela Merkel.

Pa nkhondowo wokonzeka la asilikali udindo Woyang'anira kulamulira osiyana- siyana a asilikali. Mwachitsanzo, German Air Force ndi Woyang'anira wa Air Force. Mutu waukulu ndi Inspector General, pogwira ntchito zonse kulamulira.

German Army lero ali asilikali oposa mazana awiri zikwi ndi anthu wamba sevente-faifi sauzande. Kuitana kwa utumiki akuyamba ndi zaka naintini, pamaso pa kuchedwa akhoza kukhala nzika ya dziko kamodzinso waitanidwa ngakhale mu zaka makumi awiri.

German onyamula Zikuchititsa kwa zaka sikisitini zapitazo anachotsa chiletso cha m'gulu la asilikali a akazi. Iwo ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi amuna, ndipo ngakhale ndi mwayi kuuka ku Mulingo wa onse. chiwerengero cha German asilikali akazi ndi anthu oposa zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri. Ambiri a iwo akutumikira ku mayunitsi ukhondo, pafupifupi zisanu peresenti kusankha okha German apanyanja. Chaka chilichonse akazi usilikali ndi chidwi kwambiri.

German zida za nkhondo: akasinja ndi sitima zankhondo

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World dziko anali wotchuka ndi luso lake, koma lonse makampani nkhondo yake inawonongedwa. Choncho kwa nthawi yaitali, Germany kwambiri lagged kumbuyo ambiri a ku Ulaya m'munda umenewu. Ndipo zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli pa nthawiyo?

akasinja German nthawizonse zakhala omasuka ndi maneuverability, miyambo zomwezi anapulumuka ndi nkhondo itatha. Pakali pano, ku German magalimoto oti muli nazo zida zochokera chitsanzo cha thanki "nyalugwe". Chitsanzo choyamba anamasulidwa ku kuŵeta mu 1963. Tsopano akasinja German "nyalugwe" ndi zosintha zoposa khumi, kutumikira monga maziko chitukuko cha magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

zombo Germany lapangidwa magulu atatu, zomwe ndi zochokera sitima zankhondo kumenyana. Pakali pano, sitima za mayiko kumanga sitima zankhondo latsopano zina za ku Ulaya, zomwe zikusonyeza zikayenda bwino kwambiri m'munda wa makampani asilikali. Mu Germany ndi sitima zapamadzi malamulo Greece ndi Republic of Korea. Part dongosolo kale zikuchitidwa ndi Germany, ndi sitima zankhondo ali pa nkhondowo ntchito m'mayiko amenewa. Pa yobweretsa mwina kukambirana ndi Germany, Portugal, Turkey ndi Pakistan.

Sitima zankhondo Germany ndi a mtundu 214, kumene kungakhale panyanja ndi yoyenda yokha kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zinayi. Dizilo-magetsi sitima zapamadzi pambuyo patsogolo posachedwapa angathe kuyenda pansi pa madzi kuti akuya mamita anayi ndi kukhala m'madzi liwiro kuti mfundo makumi awiri.

sitima zapamadzi adalira tichipeza mamembala twente-seveni, asanu amene Maofesala. sitima zapamadzi Izi zida torpedoes makumi awiri, makumi awiri ndi anai migodi pansi ndi mabomba nakocheza ndi sate-sikisi.

Mbiri ya dziko la Germany ndi yodzaza ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri dziko anali pafupi kuwonongedwa kotheratu ya zachitetezo. Koma Germany nthawi mwaluso kupewedwa kudziletsa onse ndi kuonjezera mphamvu yake, ngakhale mkwiyo wa mphamvu zina. Tsopano boma ndi kamodzinso zovuta chiwerengero cha asilikali anthu zikwi mazana asanu mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. Iwo kwambiri owerengedwa asilikali pa Cold nkhondo ndi Soviet Union. Sizikudziwika kodi izi chilakolako cha boma German, chifukwa palibe chinsinsi kuti mkhalidwe wa padziko lonse mu dziko yomangika kwambiri. Tikukhulupirira kuti Angela Merkel ndi akuluakulu ena pamwamba pa boma akukumbukirabe maphunziro a mbiri, ndipo si kubwereza zolakwika katundu zapitazi.