Ndi kupatsidwa ulemu panopa Kodi

Kuyankhula za kodi anachititsa panopa, n'kosatheka kukumbukira kuyesera wa sayansi kwambiri nthawi yake - Michael Faraday. Inde mwina chifukwa cha ntchito yake lero, ife tikhoza kukhala ndi madalitso a chitukuko monga magetsi. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma 19, magulu mankhwala (mabatire) ndiye gwero yekha wa mphamvu zamagetsi. Pambuyo zatsopano Faraday dziko linayamba kupezeka ndi magudumu, lomwe linasintha lonse mbiri m'tsogolo.

Isanafike 1831 asayansi ankadziwa kuti kuli minda magetsi ndi maginito. Iye akhapidziwa kuti anzake awiri kapena kuposa atathana milandu (ma elekitironi kapena ayoni) amalenga mtundu winawake wa mavuto - munda magetsi. Koma milandu mafoni zogwirizana mphamvu ya maginito. Zikuonekeratu kuti pamene pali prerequisites onse chifukwa chotulukira, ndipo iwo alibe kudikira nthawi yaitali.

Mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu ndi kupatsidwa ulemu panopa anapeza mu 1831 pafupifupi imodzi ndi awiri asayansi-ochiritsa - Faraday ndi Henry. N'zosadabwitsa ofanana amapezeka m'madera onse a ukachenjede magetsi (mwachitsanzo, 'tate' wailesi mtsutso ali kutali). Popeza kuti Faraday inafalitsidwa koyamba zotsatira experimental ndi kutanthauzira kwawo iwo, amaganiza kuti iye anali anatulukira chodabwitsa lotchedwa "kupatsidwa ulemu panopa."

Mmodzi wa zatsopano analola kulandira kuli mphamvu (magetsi yoweyula ndi tanthauzo wasayansi) kuti analengedwa wochititsa panopa. Kuchokera awiri malekezero osiyana ndodo zitsulo bala ankasinthana ochepa a waya. Mawuwo pa dzanja limodzi olumikizidwa kwa galvanometer, ndipo dzanja linalo kuti waya unaperekedwa voteji kwa batire la. Pa nthawi likhale batire galvanometer olembedwa akanthawi maonekedwe a magetsi. The zinachitika pamene mphamvu ikanazimitsidwa. The kopanda anapangidwa za maonekedwe a mphamvu munda wobala panopa.

Zinachitikira pafupi ndi wodziwika: kuti mfundo za koyilo yaing'ono unaperekedwa ku voteji batire, ndi likukhalira wa utuluke panopa. Analowa chikhato chapakati coils kwambiri, mapeto a amene anali olumikizidwa kwa galvanometer a. Pamene yopezera ndi kuyambitsa pa chipangizo koyilo analemba maonekedwe a particles mlandu imatsogoleredwa apaulendo. chodabwitsa The umatchedwa mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu, ndi kayendedwe ka particles amatchedwa "anachititsa panopa".

Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha izo ndi maginito (mu atomu munda) mizere imene kuwoloka mavuto kondakitala. Mphamvu ya panopa anachititsa zimadalira pafupipafupi mphambano iyi. Komanso, osati mfundo ngati wochititsa mzere mitanda kukula ngati munda weniweniwo zimayenda kapena maginito zikusintha (mwachitsanzo, mwamphamvu wake wakufayo mu kuyesera choyamba).

kupatsidwa ulemu malangizo a masiku ano wochititsa ndi alinso osati mwangozi. Amadziwika kuti padziko wochititsa kupyola zomwe magetsi inawadutsa chitadutsa, ndi maginito ali ndi mizere yake ya mavuto. kuonetsa zimadalira malangizo a gulu panopa.

Apa wochititsa ndi anadzetsa maginito ilipodi m'menemo mu kukhalapo kwa kuzungulira chatsekedwa ndi anachititsa ndi chisonyezo cha particles mlandu. Kuchokera pa katundu panopa padziko wochititsa pali munda wake maginito. Komanso, mzere wake wa mavuto anatilangizira njira monga zoperewerazo zotheka kusintha m'munda chachikulu, kuchititsa m'badwo woyambirira wa panopa kupatsidwa ulemu.

Ndipotu munda sekondale si "tisalole" kusintha chachikulu. Ngati mukukumbukira kapangidwe atomiki zinthu zakuthupi, kuphatikizapo ochititsa zitsulo, kumakhaladi sayansi bwino chodabwitsa ichi: ion phata kukopa ma elekitironi zotayika pofuna kuti abwezeretse uliri koyamba zina. Ndi kukula mphamvu ya "kugodomalitsa" elekitironi wokongola mphamvu amafuna 'abwezere' chikoka kunja. Choncho, pamene kuchepetsa yachiwiri pansi munda chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka tinthu wochititsa mfundo yoti izo.