Chiphunzitso cha Kuwerengera

Chiwerengero cha zowerengera ndalama ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimapanga bungwe la zowerengera ndalama (ndalama, msonkho ndi kayendetsedwe ka chuma), komanso zina zofanana. Mfundo Yopereka Nkhani Ndicho maziko a njira zonse zazinthu zachuma ndi za msonkho pa malonda.

Cholinga cha chiwerengero cha ndalama

Mawu akuti "chiphunzitso" adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Chigriki. Ndipo zikutanthauza: "kuyang'ana" kapena "kufufuza". Choncho, nkutheka kufotokozera lingaliro la sayansi lomwe limafufuza kafukufuku: chiphunzitso chomwe chimayang'ana ndi kufotokoza zofunikira za phunziro la ntchito ya wogulitsa akaunti kapena wolemba mabuku.

Kuphunzira za chiwerengero cha ndalama ndizofunikira kuti tipeze kumvetsetsa bwino ndi kufotokozera zomwe zimapangitsa kusanthula ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zonse za chuma ndi zachuma za bungwe. Chiwerengero cha zowerengetsera ndalama chimakhazikitsa malo ogwiritsira ntchito zolemba zachuma ndi za msonkho mu ndondomeko ya zachuma za kayendetsedwe ka malonda, komanso ndondomeko zoyendetsera chuma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamalonda.

Kudziwa zozama za zowerengera ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa kayendetsedwe ka kampani, kuyambira pa chilengedwe chake, ndiko kulembedwa kwa mawonekedwe a bungwe ndi alamulo, kulengedwa kwa ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zonse zachuma ndi zachuma zofunikira pa bizinesi. Deta zonse zomwe zimapezeka pamsonkhanowo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malemba oyambirira ndi zolembera, zomwe zimalandira ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowerengetsera ndalama ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zachuma zomwe ziyenera kuwerengetsera misonkho.

Njira Zopangira

Chiphunzitso cha kuwerengera chiri ndi phindu losatha, zonse phindu komanso chifukwa cha kuwerengera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana, wina akhoza kusonyeza phindu ndi zotsatira zomwezo pa nthawi imodzi, ndipo zina, kutayika. Chitsanzo cha malipoti otero angakhale nkhani yodziŵika bwino ndi a German akudera nkhawa Daimler-Benz. Mu malipoti awiri olembedwa ndi wowerengera wa kampani pa deta yomweyo, zotsatira zosiyana zachokera. Lipoti la New York Stock Exchange linasonyeza phindu, ndipo mu chikalata cha akuluakulu a msonkho a Germany - kutayika. Kusiyanitsa uku kukufotokozedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera za America ndi Germany. Zochitika zoterezi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale ziganizo zingapo kapena njira zowerengera zolemba.

Njira zoyendetsera nkhaniyi

Pakalipano, chiwerengero cha anthu owerengetsera chuma chikudziwika ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Msonkho;
2. Chuma;
3. Milandu;
4. Kuchita;
5. Makhalidwe;
6. Makhalidwe.

Chofala kwambiri ndi njira ya msonkho. Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha muzolemba zonse zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito sikungabweretse. Cholinga cha kafukufuku wamisonkho ndi kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha ndalama zomwe zikuyenera kubwereka, osati kufufuza mwayi ndi mwayi wochotsa phindu lalikulu ndikuchepetsa ndalama. Kuchokera pakuwona kuti msonkho wa msonkho sunafunikire njira yomwe kampani ikuyendera, njira zosakanikirana zavomerezedwa. Chifukwa chake, mu kayendedwe ka zowerengera, njira zonse zopezera msonkho ndi njira (zachuma) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito miyezo ya msonkho kunakhudza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha zowerengera komanso zochitika zake. Zochita zowonongeka zinkasintha kwambiri, zinakhala zolimba komanso zowonjezereka. Chitsanzo ndi chofunika chovomerezeka kuti chiwonongeke, chotsogozedwa ndi malamulo a msonkho mu 1909. Chigambachi chinakhala cholimbikitsira kufufuza njira zabwino zowonetsera kuchepa kwa katundu wosasunthika komanso wosasunthika, kayendetsedwe kawo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zowonjezereka zodziwitsa mtengo wa kuchepa.